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Kordzadeh-Kermani V, Ashrafizadeh SN, Madadelahi M. Dielectrophoretic separation/classification/focusing of microparticles using electrified lab-on-a-disc platforms. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1310:342719. [PMID: 38811136 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Separation, classification, and focusing of microparticles are essential issues in microfluidic devices that can be implemented in two categories: using labeling and label-free methods. Label-free methods differentiate microparticles based on their inherent properties, including size, density, shape, electrical conductivity/permittivity, and magnetic susceptibility. Dielectrophoresis is an advantageous label-free technique for this objective. Besides, centrifugal microfluidic devices exploit centrifugal forces to move liquid and particles. The simultaneous combination of dielectrophoretic and centrifugal forces exerted on microparticles still needs to be scrutinized more to predict their trajectories in such devices. RESULTS An integrated system utilizing two categories in microfluidics is proposed: dielectrophoretic manipulation of microparticles and centrifugal-driven microfluidics, followed by a numerical analysis. In this regard, we assumed a rectangular microchannel with internal unilateral planar electrodes equipped with three equal-sized outlets placed radially on a centrifugal platform where microparticles flow toward the disc's outer edge. The effect of different coordinate-based parameters, including radial and lateral distances (X and Y offsets)/tilting angles toward the radius direction (α), on the particles' movement was investigated. Additionally, the effect of operational parameters, including applied voltage, the microchannel width, the number of enabled electrodes, the diameter of particles, and the configuration of electrodes, were analyzed, and the distributions of particles toward the outlets were monitored. It was found that enhanced particle focusing becomes possible at lower rotation speeds and higher electric field values. Furthermore, the proposed centrifugal-DEP system's efficiency for classifying red blood cells/platelets and Live/Dead yeast cells systems was evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE Our integrated system is introduced as a novel method for focusing and classifying various microparticles with no need for sheath flows, having the ability to conduct particles at desired routes and focusing width. Furthermore, the system effectively separates various bioparticles and offers ease of operation and high-efficiency throughput over conventional dielectrophoretic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Kordzadeh-Kermani
- Research Lab for Advanced Separation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh
- Research Lab for Advanced Separation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico.
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Gromek P, Senkowska Z, Płuciennik E, Pasieka Z, Zhao LY, Gielecińska A, Kciuk M, Kłosiński K, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D. Revisiting the standards of cancer detection and therapy alongside their comparison to modern methods. World J Methodol 2024; 14:92982. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i2.92982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In accordance with the World Health Organization data, cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases. An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally, emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue. The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient; this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy. Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization. Thus, there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy, elastography, synthetic biosensors, fluorescence imaging, and reflectance confocal microscopy. Conventional therapeutic methods, although still common in clinical practice, pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory. Nowadays, there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy, exosome-based therapy, nanotechnology, dendritic cells, chimeric antigen receptors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, natural product-based therapy, tumor-treating fields, and photodynamic therapy. The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions. As evidenced, modern methods are not without drawbacks; there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity, specificity, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, an appropriate route has been taken, as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gromek
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Senkowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pasieka
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Karol Kłosiński
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
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Qiao Z, Teng X, Liu A, Yang W. Novel Isolating Approaches to Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment Based on Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:706. [PMID: 38930676 PMCID: PMC11206030 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), derived from the primary tumor and carrying genetic information, contribute significantly to the process of tumor metastasis. The analysis and detection of CTCs can be used to assess the prognosis and treatment response in patients with tumors, as well as to help study the metastatic mechanisms of tumors and the development of new drugs. Since CTCs are very rare in the blood, it is a challenging problem to enrich CTCs efficiently. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of microfluidics-based enrichment devices for CTCs in recent years. We explore in detail the methods of enrichment based on the physical or biological properties of CTCs; among them, physical properties cover factors such as size, density, and dielectric properties, while biological properties are mainly related to tumor-specific markers on the surface of CTCs. In addition, we provide an in-depth description of the methods for enrichment of single CTCs and illustrate the importance of single CTCs for performing tumor analyses. Future research will focus on aspects such as improving the separation efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing the detection sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Qiao
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Anqin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
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Chai H, Zhu J, Feng Y, Liang F, Wu Q, Ju Z, Huang L, Wang W. Capillarity Enabled Large-Array Liquid Metal Electrodes for Compact and High-Throughput Dielectrophoretic Microfluidics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310212. [PMID: 38236647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) particle separation has label-free, well-controllable, and low-damage merits. Sidewall microelectrodes made of liquid metal alloy (LMA) inherits the additional advantage of thick electrodes to generate impactful DEP force. However, existing LMA electrode-based devices lack the ability to integrate large-array electrodes in a compact footprint, severely limiting flow rate and thus throughput. Herein, a facile and versatile method is proposed to integrate high-density thick LMA electrodes in microfluidic devices, taking advantage of the passive control ability of capillary burst valves (CBVs). CBVs with carefully designed burst pressures are co-designed in microfluidic channels, allowing self-assembly of LMA electrode array through simple hand-push injection. The arrayed electrode configuration brings the accumulative DEP deflection effect. Specifically, The fabricated 5000 pairs of sidewall electrodes in a compact chip are demonstrted to achieve ten times higher throughput in DEP deflection. The 5000-electrode-pair device is applied to successfully separate four mixed samples, including human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and A549 cells with the flow rate of 70 µL min-1. It is envisioned that this work can greatly facilitate LMA electrode array fabrication and offer a robust and versatile platform for DEP separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiyan Wu
- The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjian Ju
- The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Liang Huang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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5
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Uddin MR, Chen X. Enhancing cell separation in a hybrid spiral dielectrophoretic microchannel: Numerical insights and optimal operating conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3437. [PMID: 38289677 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Reliable separation of circulating tumor cells from blood cells is crucial for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Many conventional microfluidic platforms take advantage of the size difference between particles for their separation, which renders them impractical for sorting overlapping-sized cells. To address this concern, a hybrid inertial-dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip is proposed in this work for continuous and single-stage separation of lung cancer cell line A549 cells from white blood cells of overlapping size. The working mechanism of the proposed spiral microchannel embedded with planar interdigitated electrodes is validated against the experimental results. A numerical investigation is carried out over a range of flow conditions and electric field intensity to determine the separation efficiency and migration characteristics of the cell mixture. The results demonstrate the unique capability of the proposed microchannel to achieve high-throughput separation of cells at low applied voltages in both vertical and lateral directions. A significant lateral separation distance between the CTCs and the WBCs has been achieved, which allows for high-resolution and effective separation of cells. The separation resolution can be controlled by adjusting the strength of the applied electric field. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the lateral separation distance is maximum at a voltage termed the critical voltage, which increases with the increase in the flow rate. The proposed microchannel and the developed technique can provide valuable insight into the development of a tunable and robust medical device for effective and high-throughput separation of cancer cells from the WBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Raihan Uddin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
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Smit DJ, Pantel K. Circulating tumor cells as liquid biopsy markers in cancer patients. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101258. [PMID: 38387225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, novel methods for enrichment and identification of cancer cells circulating in the blood have been established. Blood-based detection of cancer cells and other tumor-associated products can be summarized under the term of Liquid Biopsy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been used for diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment selection as well as treatment monitoring in several studies over the past years, thus representing a valuable biomarker for cancer patients. A plethora of methods to enrich, detect and analyze CTCs has been established. In contrast to other liquid biopsy analytes (e.g. ctDNA), CTCs represent a viable analyte that provides a unique opportunity to understand the underlaying biology of cancer and the metastatic cascade on the molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview on the current methods used for enrichment, detection, molecular and functional characterization of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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7
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Rane A, Jarmoshti J, Siddique AB, Adair S, Torres-Castro K, Honrado C, Bauer TW, Swami NS. Dielectrophoretic enrichment of live chemo-resistant circulating-like pancreatic cancer cells from media of drug-treated adherent cultures of solid tumors. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:561-571. [PMID: 38174422 PMCID: PMC10826460 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00804e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to low numbers of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in liquid biopsies, there is much interest in enrichment of alternative circulating-like mesenchymal cancer cell subpopulations from in vitro tumor cultures for utilization within molecular profiling and drug screening. Viable cancer cells that are released into the media of drug-treated adherent cancer cell cultures exhibit anoikis resistance or anchorage-independent survival away from their extracellular matrix with nutrient sources and waste sinks, which serves as a pre-requisite for metastasis. The enrichment of these cell subpopulations from tumor cultures can potentially serve as an in vitro source of circulating-like cancer cells with greater potential for scale-up in comparison with CTCs. However, these live circulating-like cancer cell subpopulations exhibit size overlaps with necrotic and apoptotic cells in the culture media, which makes it challenging to selectively enrich them, while maintaining them in their suspended state. We present optimization of a flowthrough high frequency (1 MHz) positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) device with sequential 3D field non-uniformities that enables enrichment of the live chemo-resistant circulating cancer cell subpopulation from an in vitro culture of metastatic patient-derived pancreatic tumor cells. Central to this strategy is the utilization of single-cell impedance cytometry with gates set by supervised machine learning, to optimize the frequency for pDEP, so that live circulating cells are selected based on multiple biophysical metrics, including membrane physiology, cytoplasmic conductivity and cell size, which is not possible using deterministic lateral displacement that is solely based on cell size. Using typical drug-treated samples with low levels of live circulating cells (<3%), we present pDEP enrichment of the target subpopulation to ∼44% levels within 20 minutes, while rejecting >90% of dead cells. This strategy of utilizing single-cell impedance cytometry to guide the optimization of dielectrophoresis has implications for other complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rane
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
| | - Javad Jarmoshti
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Sara Adair
- Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Carlos Honrado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Todd W Bauer
- Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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8
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Lv W, Fu B, Liu W, Huang W, Li M, Liu Y, Kang Y, Wang J, Bai S, Lu C, Dai X. Efficient detection of single circulating tumor cell in blood using Raman mapping based on Aptamer-SERS bio-probe coupled with micropore membrane filtration. Talanta 2024; 267:125220. [PMID: 37783108 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in human blood still remains a challenge. We present a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method based on aptamer-SERS bio-probe recognition coupled with micropore membrane filtration capture for the detection of CTCs at single cell level. The parylene micropore membrane with optimized micropore size installed on a filtration holder could capture bio-probe labeled CTCs by gravity in less than 10 s, and only with very less white blood cells (WBCs) residual. In order to facilitate the synthesis of the aptamer-SERS bio-probe, ethyl acetate dehydration method was established. The bio-probe can be rapidly synthesized within 2 h by binding SH-aptamer to 4- mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) modified AuNPs with the help of ethyl acetate. The SERS bio-probe with selected specific aptamer could distinguish single human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells from residual WBCs on membrane efficiently and reliably based on their Raman signal intensity difference at 1075 cm-1. Through the filter membrane coupled with aptamer-SERS bio-probe system, even 20 A549 cells in blood solution simulating CTCs sample can be detected, which the recovery rate and recognition rate are more than 90%. This method is rapid, reliable and cost-effective, which indicates a good prospect in clinical application for CTCs detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Boqiang Fu
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wencheng Liu
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Manli Li
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shouli Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Abstract
The remarkable diversity of lymphocytes, essential components of the immune system, serves as an ingenious mechanism for maximizing the efficient utilization of limited host defense resources. While cell adhesion molecules, notably in gut-tropic T cells, play a central role in this mechanism, the counterbalancing molecular details have remained elusive. Conversely, we've uncovered the molecular pathways enabling extracellular vesicles secreted by lymphocytes to reach the gut's mucosal tissues, facilitating immunological regulation. This discovery sheds light on immune fine-tuning, offering insights into immune regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
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Uddin MR, Sarowar MT, Chen X. Separation of CTCs from WBCs using DEP-assisted inertial manipulation: A numerical study. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1781-1794. [PMID: 37753944 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold significant importance for the early diagnosis of cancer and the assessment of therapeutic strategies. However, the scarcity of CTCs among peripheral blood cells presents a major challenge to their detection. Additionally, a similar size range between CTCs and white blood cells (WBCs) makes conventional microfluidic platforms inadequate for the isolation of CTCs. To overcome these challenges, in this study, a novel inertial-dielectrophoretic microfluidic channel for size-independent, single-stage separation of CTCs from WBCs has been presented. The proposed device utilizes a spiral microchannel embedded with interdigitated electrodes. A numerical model is developed and validated to investigate the influence of various parameters related to the channel design, fluid flow, and electrode configuration. It was found that optimal separation of CTCs could be obtained at a relatively low voltage, termed the critical voltage. Furthermore, at the critical voltage of 7.5 V, the hybrid microchannel is demonstrated to be capable of separating CTCs from different WBC subtypes including granulocytes, monocytes, T-, and B-lymphocytes. The unique capabilities of the hybrid spiral microchannel allow for this size-independent isolation of CTCs from a mixture of WBCs. Overall, the proposed technique can be readily utilized for continuous and high-throughput separation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Raihan Uddin
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Md Tanbir Sarowar
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
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Borenstein JT, Cummins G, Dutta A, Hamad E, Hughes MP, Jiang X, Lee HH, Lei KF, Tang XS, Zheng Y, Chen J. Bionanotechnology and bioMEMS (BNM): state-of-the-art applications, opportunities, and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4928-4949. [PMID: 37916434 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of micro- and nanotechnology for biomedical applications has defined the cutting edge of medical technology for over three decades, as advancements in fabrication technology developed originally in the semiconductor industry have been applied to solving ever-more complex problems in medicine and biology. These technologies are ideally suited to interfacing with life sciences, since they are on the scale lengths as cells (microns) and biomacromolecules (nanometers). In this paper, we review the state of the art in bionanotechnology and bioMEMS (collectively BNM), including developments and challenges in the areas of BNM, such as microfluidic organ-on-chip devices, oral drug delivery, emerging technologies for managing infectious diseases, 3D printed microfluidic devices, AC electrokinetics, flexible MEMS devices, implantable microdevices, paper-based microfluidic platforms for cellular analysis, and wearable sensors for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Cummins
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Abhishek Dutta
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, USA.
| | - Eyad Hamad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Hyowon Hugh Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Aghaamoo M, Cardenas-Benitez B, Lee AP. A High-Throughput Microfluidic Cell Sorter Using a Three-Dimensional Coupled Hydrodynamic-Dielectrophoretic Pre-Focusing Module. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1813. [PMID: 37893250 PMCID: PMC10609158 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful tool for label-free sorting of cells, even those with subtle differences in morphological and dielectric properties. Nevertheless, a major limitation is that most existing DEP techniques can efficiently sort cells only at low throughputs (<1 mL h-1). Here, we demonstrate that the integration of a three-dimensional (3D) coupled hydrodynamic-DEP cell pre-focusing module upstream of the main DEP sorting region enables cell sorting with a 10-fold increase in throughput compared to conventional DEP approaches. To better understand the key principles and requirements for high-throughput cell separation, we present a comprehensive theoretical model to study the scaling of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces on cells at high flow rate regimes. Based on the model, we show that the critical cell-to-electrode distance needs to be ≤10 µm for efficient cell sorting in our proposed microfluidic platform, especially at flow rates ≥ 1 mL h-1. Based on those findings, a computational fluid dynamics model and particle tracking analysis were developed to find optimum operation parameters (e.g., flow rate ratios and electric fields) of the coupled hydrodynamic-DEP 3D focusing module. Using these optimum parameters, we experimentally demonstrate live/dead K562 cell sorting at rates as high as 10 mL h-1 (>150,000 cells min-1) with 90% separation purity, 85% cell recovery, and no negative impact on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghaamoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Braulio Cardenas-Benitez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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13
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Moharamipour S, Aminifar M, Foroughi-Gilvaee MR, Faranoush P, Mahdavi R, Abadijoo H, Parniani M, Abbasvandi F, Mansouri S, Abdolahad M. Hydroelectric actuator for 3-dimensional analysis of electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic behavior of cancer cells; suitable in diagnosis and invasion studies. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213476. [PMID: 37276690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a cellular-based disease, so cytological diagnosis is one of the main challenges for its early detection. An extensive number of diagnostic methods have been developed to separate cancerous cells from normal ones, in electrical methods attract progressive attention. Identifying and specifying different cells requires understanding their dielectric and electric properties. This study evaluated MDA-MB-231, HUVEC, and MCF-10A cell lines, WBCs isolated from blood, and patient-derived cell samples with a cylindrical body with two transparent FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) plate electrodes. Cell mobility rates were recorded in response to these stimuli. It was observed that cancer cells demonstrate drastic changes in their motility in the presence and absence of an electric field (DC/AC). Also, solution viscosity's effect on cancer cells' capturing efficacy was evaluated. This research's main distinguished specification uses a non-microfluidic platform to detect and pathologically evaluate cytological samples with a simple, cheap, and repeatable platform. The capturing procedure was carried out on a cytological slide without any complicated electrode patterning with the ability of cytological staining. Moreover, this platform successfully designed and experimented with the invasion assay (the ability of captured cancer cells to invade normal cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Moharamipour
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Aminifar
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Foroughi-Gilvaee
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Faranoush
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihane Mahdavi
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Parniani
- Pathology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mansouri
- Radiation Oncology Research Center (RORC), Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, Cancer Electronics Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; UT and TUMS Cancer Electronics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Islam MS, Chen X. Continuous CTC separation through a DEP-based contraction-expansion inertial microfluidic channel. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3341. [PMID: 36970770 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficient isolation of viable and intact circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood is critical for the genetic analysis of cancer cells, prediction of cancer progression, development of drugs, and evaluation of therapeutic treatments. While conventional cell separation devices utilize the size difference between CTCs and other blood cells, they fail to separate CTCs from white blood cells (WBCs) due to significant size overlap. To overcome this issue, we present a novel approach that combines curved contraction-expansion (CE) channels with dielectrophoresis (DEP) and inertial microfluidics to isolate CTCs from WBCs regardless of size overlap. This label-free and continuous separation method utilizes dielectric properties and size variation of cells for the separation of CTCs from WBCs. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid microfluidic channel can effectively isolate A549 CTCs from WBCs regardless of their size with a throughput of 300 μL/min, achieving a high separation distance of 233.4 μm at an applied voltage of 50 Vp-p . The proposed method allows for the modification of cell migration characteristics by controlling the number of CE sections of the channel, applied voltage, applied frequency, and flow rate. With its unique features of a single-stage separation, simple design, and tunability, the proposed method provides a promising alternative to the existing label-free cell separation techniques and may have a wide range of applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadiqul Islam
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
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15
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Kolovskaya OS, Zyuzyukina AV, Dassie JP, Zamay GS, Zamay TN, Boyakova NV, Khorzhevskii VA, Kirichenko DA, Lapin IN, Shchugoreva IA, Artyushenko PV, Tomilin FN, Veprintsev DV, Glazyrin YE, Minic Z, Bozhenko VK, Kudinova EA, Kiseleva YY, Krat AV, Slepov EV, Bukatin AS, Zukov RA, Shesternya PA, Berezovski MV, Giangrande PH, Kichkailo AS. Monitoring of breast cancer progression via aptamer-based detection of circulating tumor cells in clinical blood samples. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1184285. [PMID: 37363395 PMCID: PMC10285395 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1184285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) diagnostics lack noninvasive methods and procedures for screening and monitoring disease dynamics. Admitted CellSearch® is used for fluid biopsy and capture of circulating tumor cells of only epithelial origin. Here we describe an RNA aptamer (MDA231) for detecting BC cells in clinical samples, including blood. The MDA231 aptamer was originally selected against triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 using cell-SELEX. Methods: The aptamer structure in solution was predicted using mFold program and molecular dynamic simulations. The affinity and specificity of the evolved aptamers were evaluated by flow cytometry and laser scanning microscopy on clinical tissues from breast cancer patients. CTCs were isolated form the patients' blood using the developed method of aptamer-based magnetic separation. Breast cancer origin of CTCs was confirmed by cytological, RT-qPCR and Immunocytochemical analyses. Results: MDA231 can specifically recognize breast cancer cells in surgically resected tissues from patients with different molecular subtypes: triple-negative, Luminal A, and Luminal B, but not in benign tumors, lung cancer, glial tumor and healthy epithelial from lungs and breast. This RNA aptamer can identify cancer cells in complex cellular environments, including tumor biopsies (e.g., tumor tissues vs. margins) and clinical blood samples (e.g., circulating tumor cells). Breast cancer origin of the aptamer-based magnetically separated CTCs has been proved by immunocytochemistry and mammaglobin mRNA expression. Discussion: We suggest a simple, minimally-invasive breast cancer diagnostic method based on non-epithelial MDA231 aptamer-specific magnetic isolation of circulating tumor cells. Isolated cells are intact and can be utilized for molecular diagnostics purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Kolovskaya
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alena V. Zyuzyukina
- Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center Named After A.I. Kryzhanovsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Justin P. Dassie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Galina S. Zamay
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Zamay
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nina V. Boyakova
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center Named After A.I. Kryzhanovsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of General Surgery, Named After Prof. M.I. Gulman, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Khorzhevskii
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Pathology-Anatomic Bureau, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Daria A. Kirichenko
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan N. Lapin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, Siberian Physical Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina A. Shchugoreva
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Polina V. Artyushenko
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Felix N. Tomilin
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Physics of Magnetic Phenomena, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Veprintsev
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yury E. Glazyrin
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Zoran Minic
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Alexey V. Krat
- Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center Named After A.I. Kryzhanovsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Eugene V. Slepov
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center Named After A.I. Kryzhanovsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anton S. Bukatin
- Alferov Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education and Science, Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ruslan A. Zukov
- Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center Named After A.I. Kryzhanovsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Shesternya
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paloma H. Giangrande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Platform Discovery Sciences, Biology, Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anna S. Kichkailo
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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16
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Chen H, Osman SY, Moose DL, Vanneste M, Anderson JL, Henry MD, Anand RK. Quantification of capture efficiency, purity, and single-cell isolation in the recovery of circulating melanoma cells from peripheral blood by dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2586-2600. [PMID: 37185977 PMCID: PMC10228177 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a dielectrophoretic method for selection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs), which lack reliable identifying surface antigens and are extremely rare in blood. This platform captures CMCs individually by dielectrophoresis (DEP) at an array of wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs) aligned to overlying nanoliter-scale chambers, which isolate each cell for subsequent on-chip single-cell analysis. To determine the best conditions to employ for CMC isolation in this DEP-BPE platform, the static and dynamic dielectrophoretic response of established melanoma cell lines, melanoma cells from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated as a function of frequency using two established DEP platforms. Further, PBMCs derived from patients with advanced melanoma were compared with those from healthy controls. The results of this evaluation reveal that each DEP method requires a distinct frequency to achieve capture of melanoma cells and that the distribution of dielectric properties of PBMCs is more broadly varied in and among patients versus healthy controls. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that 50 kHz provides the highest capture efficiency on our DEP-BPE platform while maintaining a low rate of capture of unwanted PBMCs. We further quantified the efficiency of single-cell capture on the DEP-BPE platform and found that the efficiency diminished beyond around 25% chamber occupancy, thereby informing the minimum array size that is required. Importantly, the capture efficiency of the DEP-BPE platform for melanoma cells when using optimized conditions matched the performance predicted by our analysis. Finally, isolation of melanoma cells from contrived (spike-in) and clinical samples on our platform using optimized conditions was demonstrated. The capture and individual isolation of CMCs, confirmed by post-capture labeling, from patient-derived samples suggests the potential of this platform for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Sommer Y Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Devon L Moose
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion Vanneste
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Michael D Henry
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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17
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Mohammadi R, Afsaneh H, Rezaei B, Moghimi Zand M. On-chip dielectrophoretic device for cancer cell manipulation: A numerical and artificial neural network study. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:024102. [PMID: 36896355 PMCID: PMC9991445 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as one of the most frequent types of cancer in women, imposes large financial and human losses annually. MCF-7, a well-known cell line isolated from the breast tissue of cancer patients, is usually used in breast cancer research. Microfluidics is a newly established technique that provides many benefits, such as sample volume reduction, high-resolution operations, and multiple parallel analyses for various cell studies. This numerical study presents a novel microfluidic chip for the separation of MCF-7 cells from other blood cells, considering the effect of dielectrophoretic force. An artificial neural network, a novel tool for pattern recognition and data prediction, is implemented in this research. To prevent hyperthermia in cells, the temperature should not exceed 35 °C. In the first part, the effect of flow rate and applied voltage on the separation time, focusing efficiency, and maximum temperature of the field is investigated. The results denote that the separation time is affected by both the input parameters inversely, whereas the two remaining parameters increase with the input voltage and decrease with the sheath flow rate. A maximum focusing efficiency of 81% is achieved with a purity of 100% for a flow rate of 0.2 μ L / min and a voltage of 3.1 V . In the second part, an artificial neural network model is established to predict the maximum temperature inside the separation microchannel with a relative error of less than 3% for a wide range of input parameters. Therefore, the suggested label-free lab-on-a-chip device separates the target cells with high-throughput and low voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Mohammadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
| | - Hadi Afsaneh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Behnam Rezaei
- Small Medical Devices, BioMEMS, and LoC Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moghimi Zand
- Small Medical Devices, BioMEMS, and LoC Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
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18
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Deivasigamani R, Mohd Maidin NN, Abdul Nasir NS, Abdulhameed A, Ahmad Kayani AB, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR. A correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis-based biomedical applications. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:573-620. [PMID: 36604943 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) bioparticle research has progressed from micro to nano levels. It has proven to be a promising and powerful cell manipulation method with an accurate, quick, inexpensive, and label-free technique for therapeutic purposes. DEP, an electrokinetic phenomenon, induces particle movement as a result of polarization effects in a nonuniform electrical field. This review focuses on current research in the biomedical field that demonstrates a practical approach to DEP in terms of cell separation, trapping, discrimination, and enrichment under the influence of the conductive medium in correlation with bioparticle viability. The current review aims to provide readers with an in-depth knowledge of the fundamental theory and principles of the DEP technique, which is influenced by conductive medium and to identify and demonstrate the biomedical application areas. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents obstacles and opportunities, followed by bioparticle viability in an electric field elaborated in detail. Finally, the drawbacks of DEP-based systems and the outlook for the future are addressed. This article will aid in advancing technology by bridging the gap between bioscience and engineering. We hope the insights presented in this review will improve cell suspension medium and promote DEP-viable bioparticle manipulation for health-care diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Impact of buffer composition on biochemical, morphological and mechanical parameters: A tare before dielectrophoretic cell separation and isolation. Transl Oncol 2022; 28:101599. [PMID: 36516639 PMCID: PMC9764254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) represents an electrokinetic approach for discriminating and separating suspended cells based on their intrinsic dielectric characteristics without the need for labeling procedure. A good practice, beyond the physical and engineering components, is the selection of a buffer that does not hinder cellular and biochemical parameters as well as cell recovery. In the present work the impact of four buffers on biochemical, morphological, and mechanical parameters was evaluated in two different cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and K562). Specifically, MTT ([3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]) assay along with flow cytometry analysis were used to evaluate the occurring changes in terms of cell viability, morphology, and granulocyte stress formation, all factors directly influencing DEP sorting capability. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was instead employed to evaluate the gene expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), two well-known markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, respectively. An additional marker representing an index of cellular metabolic status, i.e. the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, was also evaluated. Among the four buffers considered, two resulted satisfactory in terms of cell viability and growth recovery (24 h), with no significant changes in cell morphology for up to 1 h in suspension. Of note, gene expression analysis showed that in both cell lines the apparently non-cytotoxic buffers significantly modulated IL-6, iNOS, and GAPDH markers, underlining the importance to deeply investigate the molecular and biochemical changes occurring during the analysis, even at apparently non-toxic conditions. The selection of a useful buffer for the separation and analysis of cells without labeling procedures, preserving cell status, represents a key factor for DEP analysis, giving the opportunity to further use cells for additional analysis.
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20
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Chen H, Meng H, Chen Z, Wang T, Chen C, Zhu Y, Jin J. Size-Based Sorting and In Situ Clonal Expansion of Single Cells Using Microfluidics. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1100. [PMID: 36551067 PMCID: PMC9775143 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Separation and clonal culture and growth kinetics analysis of target cells in a mixed population is critical for pathological research, disease diagnosis, and cell therapy. However, long-term culture with time-lapse imaging of the isolated cells for clonal analysis is still challenging. This paper reports a microfluidic device with four-level filtration channels and a pneumatic microvalve for size sorting and in situ clonal culture of single cells. The valve was on top of the filtration channels and used to direct fluid flow by membrane deformation during separation and long-term culture to avoid shear-induced cell deformation. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the influence of device parameters affecting the pressure drop across the filtration channels. Then, a droplet model was employed to evaluate the impact of cell viscosity, cell size, and channel width on the pressure drop inducing cell deformation. Experiments showed that filtration channels with a width of 7, 10, 13, or 17 μm successfully sorted K562 cells into four different size ranges at low driving pressure. The maximum efficiency of separating K562 cells from media and whole blood was 98.6% and 89.7%, respectively. Finally, the trapped single cells were cultured in situ for 4-7 days with time-lapse imaging to obtain the lineage trees and growth curves. Then, the time to the first division, variation of cell size before and after division, and cell fusion were investigated. This proved that cells at the G1 and G2 phases were of significantly distinct sizes. The microfluidic device for size sorting and clonal expansion will be of tremendous application potential in single-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haixu Meng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kowloon, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzen, Shenzhen 518055, China
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21
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Low‐cost, high‐throughput and rapid‐prototyped 3D‐integrated dielectrophoretic channels for continuous cell enrichment and separation. Electrophoresis 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Choi S, Park I, Lee SH, Yeo KI, Min G, Woo SH, Kim YS, Lee SY, Lee SW. On-Chip Single-Cell Bioelectrical Analysis for Identification of Cell Electrical Phenotyping in Response to Sequential Electric Signal Modulation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1037. [PMID: 36421154 PMCID: PMC9688586 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an interesting biomarker called membrane breakdown voltage has been examined using artificial planar lipid bilayers. Even though they have great potential to identify cell electrical phenotyping for distinguishing similar cell lines or cells under different physiological conditions, the biomarker has not been evaluated in the context of living cell electrical phenotyping. Herein, we present a single-cell analysis platform to continuously measure the electric response in a large number of cells in parallel using electric frequency and voltage variables. Using this platform, we measured the direction of cell displacement and transparent cell image alteration as electric polarization of the cell responds to signal modulation, extracting the dielectrophoretic crossover frequency and membrane breakdown voltage for each cell, and utilizing the measurement results in the same spatiotemporal environment. We developed paired parameters using the dielectrophoretic crossover frequency and membrane breakdown voltage for each cell and evaluated the paired parameter efficiency concerning the identification of two different breast cancer cells and cell drug response. Moreover, we showed that the platform was able to identify cell electrical phenotyping, which was generated by subtle changes in cholesterol depletion-induced cell membrane integrity disruption when the paired parameter was used. Our platform introduced in this paper is extremely useful for facilitating more accurate and efficient evaluation of cell electrical phenotyping in a variety of applications, such as cell biology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeop Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang In Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongjun Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Woo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
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23
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Bakhshi MS, Rizwan M, Khan GJ, Duan H, Zhai K. Design of a novel integrated microfluidic chip for continuous separation of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17016. [PMID: 36220844 PMCID: PMC9554048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death globally. Late-stage presentation, inaccessible diagnosis, and treatment are common challenges in developed countries. Detection, enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) as early as possible can reportedly lead to more effective treatment. The isolation of CTC at an early stage is challenging due to the low probability of its presence in peripheral blood. In this study, we propose a novel two-stage, label-free, rapid, and continuous CTC separation device based on hydrodynamic inertial focusing and dielectrophoretic separation. The dominance and differential of wall-induced inertial lift force and Dean drag force inside a curved microfluidic channel results in size-based separation of Red Blood Cells (RBC) and platelets (size between 2-4 µm) from CTC and leukocytes (9-12.2 µm). A numerical model was used to investigate the mechanism of hydrodynamic inertial focusing in a curvilinear microchannel. Simulations were done with the RBCs, platelets, CTCs, and leukocytes (four major subtypes) to select the optimized value of the parameters in the proposed design. In first stage, the focusing behavior of microscale cells was studied to sort leukocytes and CTCs from RBCs, and platelets while viable CTCs were separated from leukocytes based on their inherent electrical properties using dielectrophoresis in the second stage. The proposed design of the device was evaluated for CTC separation efficiency using numerical simulations. This study considered the influence of critical factors like aspect ratio, dielectrophoretic force, channel size, flow rate, separation efficiency, and shape on cell separation. Results show that the proposed device yields viable CTC with 99.5% isolation efficiency with a throughput of 12.2 ml/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Saleem Bakhshi
- grid.444938.60000 0004 0609 0078Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Rizwan
- grid.444938.60000 0004 0609 0078Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- grid.444936.80000 0004 0608 9608Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hong Duan
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000 China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000 China ,grid.459584.10000 0001 2196 0260Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004 People’s Republic of China
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24
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Musso N, Romano A, Bonacci PG, Scandura G, Pandino C, Camarda M, Russo GI, Di Raimondo F, Cacciola E, Cacciola R. Label-Free Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Plasma Cells: Future Potential Applications of Dielectrophoresis in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912052. [PMID: 36233350 PMCID: PMC9569623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma (MM), circulating tumor plasma cells (CTPCs) are an emerging prognostic factor, offering a promising and minimally invasive means for longitudinal patient monitoring. Recent advances highlight the complex biology of plasma cell trafficking, highlighting the phenotypic and genetic signatures of intra- and extra-medullary MM onset, making CTPC enumeration and characterization a new frontier of precision medicine for MM patients, requiring novel technological platforms for their standardized and harmonized detection. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an emerging label-free cell manipulation technique to separate cancer cells from healthy cells in peripheral blood samples, based on phenotype and membrane capacitance that could be successfully tested to enumerate and isolate CTPCs. Herein, we summarize preclinical data on DEP development for CTPC detection, as well as their clinical and research potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- StLab SRL, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-378-2971
| | - Paolo Giuseppe Bonacci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Clarissa Pandino
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Urology Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emma Cacciola
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Hemostasis/Hematology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cacciola
- Hemostasis/Hematology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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25
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Szymborski TR, Czaplicka M, Nowicka AB, Trzcińska-Danielewicz J, Girstun A, Kamińska A. Dielectrophoresis-Based SERS Sensors for the Detection of Cancer Cells in Microfluidic Chips. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:681. [PMID: 36140065 PMCID: PMC9496591 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of freely circulating cancer cells (CTCs) is one of the greatest challenges of modern medical diagnostics. For several years, there has been increased attention on the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the detection of CTCs. SERS is a non-destructive, accurate and precise technique, and the use of special SERS platforms even enables the amplification of weak signals from biological objects. In the current study, we demonstrate the unique arrangement of the SERS technique combined with the deposition of CTCs cells on the surface of the SERS platform via a dielectrophoretic effect. The appropriate frequencies of an alternating electric field and a selected shape of the electric field can result in the efficient deposition of CTCs on the SERS platform. The geometry of the microfluidic chip, the type of the cancer cells and the positive dielectrophoretic phenomenon resulted in the trapping of CTCs on the surface of the SERS platform. We presented results for two type of breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, deposited from the 0.1 PBS solution. The limit of detection (LOD) is 20 cells/mL, which reflects the clinical potential and usefulness of the developed approach. We also provide a proof-of-concept for these CTCs deposited on the SERS platform from blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz R. Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Czaplicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Trzcińska-Danielewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Girstun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Detection of circulating tumor cells: opportunities and challenges. Biomark Res 2022; 10:58. [PMID: 35962400 PMCID: PMC9375360 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that shed from a primary tumor and travel through the bloodstream. Studying the functional and molecular characteristics of CTCs may provide in-depth knowledge regarding highly lethal tumor diseases. Researchers are working to design devices and develop analytical methods that can capture and detect CTCs in whole blood from cancer patients with improved sensitivity and specificity. Techniques using whole blood samples utilize physical prosperity, immunoaffinity or a combination of the above methods and positive and negative enrichment during separation. Further analysis of CTCs is helpful in cancer monitoring, efficacy evaluation and designing of targeted cancer treatment methods. Although many advances have been achieved in the detection and molecular characterization of CTCs, several challenges still exist that limit the current use of this burgeoning diagnostic approach. In this review, a brief summary of the biological characterization of CTCs is presented. We focus on the current existing CTC detection methods and the potential clinical implications and challenges of CTCs. We also put forward our own views regarding the future development direction of CTCs.
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27
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A dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic system having double-sided optimized 3D electrodes for label-free cancer cell separation with preserving cell viability. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12100. [PMID: 35840699 PMCID: PMC9287561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in a patient's blood is essential to accurate prognosis and effective cancer treatment monitoring. The methods used to detect and separate CTCs should have a high recovery rate and ensure cells viability for post-processing operations, such as cell culture and genetic analysis. In this paper, a novel dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based microfluidic system is presented for separating MDA-MB-231 cancer cells from various subtypes of WBCs with the practical cell viability approach. Three configurations for the sidewall electrodes are investigated to evaluate the separation performance. The simulation results based on the finite-element method show that semi-circular electrodes have the best performance with a recovery rate of nearly 95% under the same operational and geometric conditions. In this configuration, the maximum applied electric field (1.11 × 105 V/m) to separate MDA-MB-231 is lower than the threshold value for cell electroporation. Also, the Joule heating study in this configuration shows that the cells are not damaged in the fluid temperature gradient (equal to 1 K). We hope that such a complete and step-by-step design is suitable to achieve DEP-based applicable cell separation biochips.
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28
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Farasat M, Aalaei E, Kheirati Ronizi S, Bakhshi A, Mirhosseini S, Zhang J, Nguyen NT, Kashaninejad N. Signal-Based Methods in Dielectrophoresis for Cell and Particle Separation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:510. [PMID: 35884313 PMCID: PMC9313092 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Separation and detection of cells and particles in a suspension are essential for various applications, including biomedical investigations and clinical diagnostics. Microfluidics realizes the miniaturization of analytical devices by controlling the motion of a small volume of fluids in microchannels and microchambers. Accordingly, microfluidic devices have been widely used in particle/cell manipulation processes. Different microfluidic methods for particle separation include dielectrophoretic, magnetic, optical, acoustic, hydrodynamic, and chemical techniques. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a method for manipulating polarizable particles' trajectories in non-uniform electric fields using unique dielectric characteristics. It provides several advantages for dealing with neutral bioparticles owing to its sensitivity, selectivity, and noninvasive nature. This review provides a detailed study on the signal-based DEP methods that use the applied signal parameters, including frequency, amplitude, phase, and shape for cell/particle separation and manipulation. Rather than employing complex channels or time-consuming fabrication procedures, these methods realize sorting and detecting the cells/particles by modifying the signal parameters while using a relatively simple device. In addition, these methods can significantly impact clinical diagnostics by making low-cost and rapid separation possible. We conclude the review by discussing the technical and biological challenges of DEP techniques and providing future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Farasat
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ehsan Aalaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran; (E.A.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Saeed Kheirati Ronizi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran; (E.A.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Atin Bakhshi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Shaghayegh Mirhosseini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
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29
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Wu M, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Lan Y, Yu Z, Jia C, Cong H, Zhao J. The Discovery of Novel Circulating Cancer-Related Cells in Circulation Poses New Challenges to Microfluidic Devices for Enrichment and Detection. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200226. [PMID: 35595707 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enumeration has been widely used as a surrogate predictive marker for early diagnoses, the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy, and cancer prognosis. Microfluidic technologies for CTCs enrichment and detection have been developed and commercialized as automation platforms. Currently, in addition to CTCs, some new types of circulating cancer-related cells (e.g., CCSCs, CTECs, CAMLs, and heterotypic CTC clusters) in circulation are also reported to be correlated to cancer diagnosis, metastasis, or prognosis. And they widely differ from the conventional CTCs in positive markers, cellular morphology, or size, which presents a new technological challenge to microfluidic devices that use affinity-based capture methods or size-based filtration methods for CTCs detection. This review focuses on the biological and physical properties as well as clinical significance of the novel circulating cancer-related cells, and discusses the challenges of their discovery to microfluidic chip for enrichment. Finally, the current challenges of CTCs detection in clinical application and future opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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30
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Weirauch L, Giesler J, Baune M, Pesch G, Thöming J. Shape-selective remobilization of microparticles in a mesh-based DEP filter at high throughput. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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31
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Çağlayan Arslan Z, Demircan Yalçın Y, Külah H. Label-free enrichment of MCF7 breast cancer cells from leukocytes using continuous flow dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1531-1544. [PMID: 35318696 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream are strongly linked to the invasive behavior of cancer; therefore, their detection holds great significance for monitoring disease progression. Currently available CTC isolation tools are often based on tumor-specific antigen or cell size approaches. However, these techniques are limited due to the lack of a unique and universal marker for CTCs, and the overlapping size between CTCs and regular blood cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), governed by the intrinsic dielectric properties of the particles, is a promising marker-free, accurate, fast, and low-cost technique that enables the isolation of CTCs from blood cells. This study presents a continuous flow, antibody-free DEP-based microfluidic device to concentrate MCF7 breast cancer cells, a well-established CTC model, in the presence of leukocytes extracted from human blood samples. The enrichment strategy was determined according to the DEP responses of the corresponding cells, obtained in our previously reported DEP spectrum study. It was based on the positive-DEP integrated with hydrodynamic focusing under continuous flow. In the proposed device, the parylene microchannel with two inlets and outlets was built on top of rectangular and equally spaced isolated planar electrodes rotated certain degree relative to the main flow (13°). The recovery of MCF7 cells mixed with leukocytes was 74%-98% at a frequency of 1 MHz and a magnitude of 10-12 Vpp . Overall, the results revealed that the presented system successfully concentrates MCF7 cancer cells from leukocytes, ultimately verifying our DEP spectrum study, in which the enrichment frequency and separation strategy of the microfluidic system were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan Arslan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Huang X, Torres‐Castro K, Varhue W, Rane A, Rasin A, Swami NS. On‐chip microfluidic buffer swap of biological samples in‐line with downstream dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1275-1282. [PMID: 35286736 PMCID: PMC9203925 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell enrichment by dielectrophoresis, based on biophysical and electrophysiology phenotypes, requires that cells be resuspended from their physiological media into a lower conductivity buffer for enhancing force fields and enabling the dielectric contrast needed for separation. To ensure that sensitive cells are not subject to centrifugation for resuspension and spend minimal time outside of their culture media, we present an on‐chip microfluidic strategy for swapping cells into media tailored for dielectrophoresis. This strategy transfers cells from physiological media into a 100‐fold lower conductivity media by using tangential flows of low media conductivity at 200‐fold higher flow rate versus sample flow to promote ion diffusion over the length of a straight channel architecture that maintains laminarity of the flow‐focused sample and minimizes cell dispersion across streamlines. Serpentine channels are used downstream from the flow‐focusing region to modulate hydrodynamic resistance of the central sample outlet versus flanking outlets that remove excess buffer, so that cell streamlines are collected in the exchanged buffer with minimal dilution in cell numbers and at flow rates that support dielectrophoresis. We envision integration of this on‐chip sample preparation platform prior to or post‐dielectrophoresis, in‐line with on‐chip monitoring of the outlet sample for metrics of media conductivity, cell velocity, cell viability, cell position, and collected cell numbers, so that the cell flow rate and streamlines can be tailored for enabling dielectrophoretic separations from heterogeneous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhai Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Karina Torres‐Castro
- Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Walter Varhue
- Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Aditya Rane
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Ahmed Rasin
- Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
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33
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Electrified lab on disc systems: A comprehensive review on electrokinetic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Unraveling Cancer Metastatic Cascade Using Microfluidics-based Technologies. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:517-543. [PMID: 35528034 PMCID: PMC9043145 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been a leading cause of death. The primary tumor, however, is not the main cause of death in more than 90% of cases. It is the complex process of metastasis that makes cancer deadly. The invasion metastasis cascade is the multi-step biological process of cancer cell dissemination to distant organ sites and adaptation to the new microenvironment site. Unraveling the metastasis process can provide great insight into cancer death prevention or even treatment. Microfluidics is a promising platform, that provides a wide range of applications in metastasis-related investigations. Cell culture microfluidic technologies for in vitro modeling of cancer tissues with fluid flow and the presence of mechanical factors have led to the organ-on-a-chip platforms. Moreover, microfluidic systems have also been exploited for capturing and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that provide crucial information on the metastatic behavior of a tumor. We present a comprehensive review of the recent developments in the application of microfluidics-based systems for analysis and understanding of the metastasis cascade from a wider perspective.
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35
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Shi J, Zhao C, Shen M, Chen Z, Liu J, Zhang S, Zhang Z. Combination of microfluidic chips and biosensing for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Liquid Biopsy and Dielectrophoretic Analysis—Complementary Methods in Skin Cancer Monitoring. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of skin cancers is currently increasing worldwide, with early detection, adequate treatment, and prevention of recurrences being topics of great interest for researchers nowadays. Although tumor biopsy remains the gold standard of diagnosis, this technique cannot be performed in a significant proportion of cases, so that the use of alternative methods with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming increasingly desirable. In this context, liquid biopsy appears to be a feasible solution for the study of cellular and molecular markers relevant to different types of skin cancers. Circulating tumor cells are just one of the components of interest obtained from performing liquid biopsy, and their study by complementary methods, such as dielectrophoresis, could bring additional benefits in terms of characterizing skin tumors and subsequently applying personalized therapy. One purpose of this review is to demonstrate the utility of liquid biopsy primarily in monitoring the most common types of skin tumors: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malign melanoma. In addition, the originality of the article is based on the detailed presentation of the dielectrophoretic analysis method of the most important elements obtained from liquid biopsy, with direct impact on the clinical and therapeutic approach of skin tumors.
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Abstract
During cancer progression, metastatic dissemination accounts for ∼90% of death in patients. Metastasis occurs upon dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTC) through body fluids, in particular the bloodstream, and several key steps remain elusive. Although the majority of CTCs travel as single cells, they can form clusters either with themselves (homoclusters) or with other circulating cells (heteroclusters) and thereby increase their metastatic potential. In addition, cancer cell mechanics and mechanical cues from the microenvironment are important factors during metastatic progression. Recent progress in intravital imaging technologies, biophysical methods, and microfluidic-based isolation of CTCs allow now to probe mechanics at single cell resolution while shedding light on key steps of the hematogenous metastatic cascade. In this review, we discuss the importance of CTC mechanics and their correlation with metastatic success and how such development could lead to the identification of therapeutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Peralta
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Naël Osmani
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
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38
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A microfluidic device for label-free separation sensitivity enhancement of circulating tumor cells of various and similar size. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Michaels M, Yu SY, Zhou T, Du F, Al Faruque MA, Kulinsky L. Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Enable Automated Characterization of the Positive and Negative Dielectrophoretic Ranges of Applied Frequency. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030399. [PMID: 35334691 PMCID: PMC8949608 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the phenomenological approach to automatically determine the frequency range for positive and negative dielectrophoresis (DEP)—an electrokinetic force that can be used for massively parallel micro- and nano-assembly. An experimental setup consists of the microfabricated chip with gold microelectrode array connected to a function generator capable of digitally controlling an AC signal of 1 V (peak-to-peak) and of various frequencies in the range between 10 kHz and 1 MHz. The suspension of latex microbeads (3-μm diameter) is either attracted or repelled from the microelectrodes under the influence of DEP force as a function of the applied frequency. The video of the bead movement is captured via a digital camera attached to the microscope. The OpenCV software package is used to digitally analyze the images and identify the beads. Positions of the identified beads are compared for successive frames via Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm that determines the cloud behavior of the microbeads and algorithmically determines if the beads experience attraction or repulsion from the electrodes. Based on the determined behavior of the beads, algorithm will either increase or decrease the applied frequency and implement the digital command of the function generator that is controlled by the computer. Thus, the operation of the study platform is fully automated. The AI-guided platform has determined that positive DEP (pDEP) is active below 500 kHz frequency, negative DEP (nDEP) is evidenced above 1 MHz frequency and the crossover frequency is between 500 kHz and 1 MHz. These results are in line with previously published experimentally determined frequency-dependent DEP behavior of the latex microbeads. The phenomenological approach assisted by live AI-guided feedback loop described in the present study will assist the active manipulation of the system towards the desired phenomenological outcome such as, for example, collection of the particles at the electrodes, even if, due to the complexity and plurality of the interactive forces, model-based predictions are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Michaels
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA; (M.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA
| | - Shih-Yuan Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, 2200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA; (S.-Y.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Tuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA; (M.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA
| | - Fangzhou Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, 2200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA; (S.-Y.Y.); (F.D.)
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA; (M.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, 2200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA; (S.-Y.Y.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.F.); (L.K.); Tel.: +1-949-824-6769 (L.K.)
| | - Lawrence Kulinsky
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92627-2700, USA; (M.M.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.F.); (L.K.); Tel.: +1-949-824-6769 (L.K.)
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40
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Salahi A, Honrado C, Rane A, Caselli F, Swami NS. Modified Red Blood Cells as Multimodal Standards for Benchmarking Single-Cell Cytometry and Separation Based on Electrical Physiology. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2865-2872. [PMID: 35107262 PMCID: PMC8852356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical cellular information at single-cell sensitivity is becoming increasingly important within analytical and separation platforms that associate the cell phenotype with markers of disease, infection, and immunity. Frequency-modulated electrically driven microfluidic measurement and separation systems offer the ability to sensitively identify single cells based on biophysical information, such as their size and shape, as well as their subcellular membrane morphology and cytoplasmic organization. However, there is a lack of reliable and reproducible model particles with well-tuned subcellular electrical phenotypes that can be used as standards to benchmark the electrical physiology of unknown cell types or to benchmark dielectrophoretic separation metrics of novel device strategies. Herein, the application of red blood cells (RBCs) as multimodal standard particles with systematically modulated subcellular electrophysiology and associated fluorescence level is presented. Using glutaraldehyde fixation to vary membrane capacitance and by membrane resealing after electrolyte penetration to vary interior cytoplasmic conductivity and fluorescence in a correlated manner, each modified RBC type can be identified at single-cell sensitivity based on phenomenological impedance metrics and fitted to dielectric models to compute biophysical information. In this manner, single-cell impedance data from unknown RBC types can be mapped versus these model RBC types for facile determination of subcellular biophysical information and their dielectrophoretic separation conditions, without the need for time-consuming algorithms that often require unknown fitting parameters. Such internal standards for biophysical cytometry can advance in-line phenotypic recognition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Salahi
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Carlos Honrado
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Aditya Rane
- Chemistry, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Federica Caselli
- Civil
Engineering and Computer Science, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Chemistry, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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41
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Application of Microfluidic Systems for Breast Cancer Research. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020152. [PMID: 35208277 PMCID: PMC8877872 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control; breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States. Due to early screening and advancements in therapeutic interventions, deaths from breast cancer have declined over time, although breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Most deaths are due to metastasis, as cancer cells from the primary tumor in the breast form secondary tumors in remote sites in distant organs. Over many years, the basic biological mechanisms of breast cancer initiation and progression, as well as the subsequent metastatic cascade, have been studied using cell cultures and animal models. These models, although extremely useful for delineating cellular mechanisms, are poor predictors of physiological responses, primarily due to lack of proper microenvironments. In the last decade, microfluidics has emerged as a technology that could lead to a paradigm shift in breast cancer research. With the introduction of the organ-on-a-chip concept, microfluidic-based systems have been developed to reconstitute the dominant functions of several organs. These systems enable the construction of 3D cellular co-cultures mimicking in vivo tissue-level microenvironments, including that of breast cancer. Several reviews have been presented focusing on breast cancer formation, growth and metastasis, including invasion, intravasation, and extravasation. In this review, realizing that breast cancer can recur decades following post-treatment disease-free survival, we expand the discussion to account for microfluidic applications in the important areas of breast cancer detection, dormancy, and therapeutic development. It appears that, in the future, the role of microfluidics will only increase in the effort to eradicate breast cancer.
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Khan M, Chen X. Numerical study of dielectrophoresis-modified inertial migration for overlapping sized cell separation. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:879-891. [PMID: 35015306 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been proven to have significant prognostic, diagnostic, and clinical values in early-stage cancer detection and treatment. The efficient separation of CTCs from peripheral blood can ensure intact and viable CTCs and can, thus, give proper genetic characterization and drug innovation. In this study, continuous and high-throughput separation of MDA-231 CTCs from overlapping sized white blood cells (WBCs) is achieved by modifying inertial cell focusing with dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a single-stage microfluidic platform by numeric simulation. The DEP is enabled by embedding interdigitated electrodes with alternating field control on a serpentine microchannel to avoid creating two-stage separation. Rather than using the electrokinetic migration of cells which slows down the throughput, the system leverages the inertial microfluidic flow to achieve high-speed continuous separation. The cell migration and cell positioning characteristics are quantified through coupled physics analyses to evaluate the effects of the applied voltages and Reynolds numbers (Re) on the separation performance. The results indicate that the introduction of DEP successfully migrates WBCs away from CTCs and that separation of MDA-231 CTCs from similar sized WBCs at a high Re of 100 can be achieved with a low voltage of magnitude 4 ×106 V/m. Additionally, the viability of MDA-231 CTCs is expected to be sustained after separation due to the short-term DEP exposure. The developed technique could be exploited to design active microchips for high-throughput separation of mixed cell beads despite their significant size overlap, using DEP-modified inertial focusing controlled simply by adjusting the applied external field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khan
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
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43
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Chelakkot C, Yang H, Shin YK. Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers for Cancer Incidence and Relapse. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35056131 PMCID: PMC8781286 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding of cancer cells from the primary site or undetectable bone marrow region into the circulatory system, resulting in clinically overt metastasis or dissemination, is the hallmark of unfavorable invasive cancers. The shed cells remain in circulation until they extravasate to form a secondary metastatic lesion or undergo anoikis. The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found as single cells or clusters carry a plethora of information, are acknowledged as potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis and cancer progression, and are supposed to play key roles in determining tailored therapies for advanced diseases. With the advent of novel technologies that allow the precise isolation of CTCs, more and more clinical trials are focusing on the prognostic and predictive potential of CTCs. In this review, we summarize the role of CTCs as a predictive marker for cancer incidence, relapse, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Genobio Corp., Seoul 08394, Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
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44
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Methods for the Detection of Circulating Biomarkers in Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:525-552. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Fabrication of a new all-in-one microfluidic dielectrophoresis integrated chip and living cell separation. iScience 2022; 25:103776. [PMID: 35146391 PMCID: PMC8819401 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic dielectrophoresis (DEP) technology has been applied to many devices to perform label-free target cell separation. Cells separated by these devices are used in laboratories, mainly for medical research. The present study designed a microfluidic DEP device to fabricate a rapid and semiautomated cell separation system in conjunction with microscopy to enumerate the separated cells. With this device, we efficiently segregated bacterial cells from liquid products and enriched one cell type from two mixed eukaryotic cell types. The device eliminated sample pretreatment and established cell separation by all-in-one operation in a lab-on-chip, requiring only a small sample volume (0.5–1 mL) to enumerate the target cells and completing the entire separation process within 30 min. Such a rapid cell separation technique is in high demand by many researchers to promptly characterize the target cells. A new all-in-one microfluidic dielectrophoresis integrated chip is fabricated Simultaneous operation of buffer exchange and continuous cell separation on a chip Chip’s cell separation performance is evaluated with bacterial and eukaryotic cells
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46
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Russo GI, Musso N, Romano A, Caruso G, Petralia S, Lanzanò L, Broggi G, Camarda M. The Role of Dielectrophoresis for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 35008359 PMCID: PMC8750463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is emerging as a potential diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PC) prognosis and diagnosis. Unfortunately, most circulating tumor cells (CTC) technologies, such as AdnaTest or Cellsearch®, critically rely on the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) marker, limiting the possibility of detecting cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and mesenchymal-like cells (EMT-CTCs) that are present during PC progression. In this context, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an epCAM independent, label-free enrichment system that separates rare cells simply on the basis of their specific electrical properties. As compared to other technologies, DEP may represent a superior technique in terms of running costs, cell yield and specificity. However, because of its higher complexity, it still requires further technical as well as clinical development. DEP can be improved by the use of microfluid, nanostructured materials and fluoro-imaging to increase its potential applications. In the context of cancer, the usefulness of DEP lies in its capacity to detect CTCs in the bloodstream in their epithelial, mesenchymal, or epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype forms, which should be taken into account when choosing CTC enrichment and analysis methods for PC prognosis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- STLab s.r.l., Via Anapo 53, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Haematological Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Luca Lanzanò
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Pathology Section, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Wang C, Ma Y, Pei Z, Song F, Zhong J, Wang Y, Yan X, Dai P, Jiang Y, Qiu J, Shi M, Wu X. Sheathless acoustic based flow cell sorter for enrichment of rare cells. Cytometry A 2021; 101:311-324. [PMID: 34806837 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell enrichment is a powerful tool in many kinds of cell research, especially in applications with low abundance cell types. In this work, we developed a microfluidic fluorescence activated cell sorting device that was able to perform on-demand, low loss cell detection, and sorting. The chip utilizes three-dimensional acoustic standing waves to position all cells in the same fluid velocity regime without sheath. When the cells pass through a laser interrogation region, the scattering and fluorescent signals are detected, translated and transported to software. The target cells are then identified by gating on the plots. Short bursts of standing acoustic waves are triggered by order from PC to sort target cells within predefined gating region. For very low abundance and rare labeled lymphocytes mixed with high concentration unlabeled white blood cells (WBCs), (1-100 labeled lymphocytes are diluted in 106 WBCs in 1 ml volume fluid), the device is able to remove more than 98% WBCs and recover labeled lymphocytes with efficiency of 80%. We further demonstrated that this device worked with real clinical samples by successfully isolating fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBCs) in the blood samples from pregnant women with male fetus. The obtained cells were sequenced and the expressions of (sex determining region Y) SRY genes were tested to determine fetal cell proportion. In genetic analysis, the proportion of fetal cells in the final picked sample is up to 40.64%. With this ability, the device proposed could be valuable for biomedical applications involving fetal cells, circulating tumor cells, and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Feifei Song
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xintao Yan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai ninth people's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengdie Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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48
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Sahin O, Kosar A, Yapici MK. Modeling the Dielectrophoretic Separation of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) from B-Lymphocytes (B-Cells) . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:1238-1241. [PMID: 34891511 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to characterize hematopoietic cells quickly and reliably is critical in precision medicine. Analysis of hematopoietic cells will lead to the diagnosis of various diseases, including infectious diseases and cancer. Microfluidic devices provide label-free, time-efficient, and quantitative analysis in this regard. A microfluidic system is provided in this work to separate Red blood cells (RBCs) from B-Lymphocytes (B-Cells). One of the ways for manipulating and separating micron-sized particles is dielectrophoresis (DEP). Dielectrophoretic manipulation of red blood cells (RBC) and B-Lymphocytes (B-Cells), with diameters of 2.8 μm and 3.29 μm, respectively, is studied. The simulation results of a microfluidic device with a sidewall electrode are shown. RBCs could be separated with 98 % efficiency from B-Cells at an applied voltage ±0.06 V with a frequency and flow rate of 10 kHz and 1.5 μL/s, respectively.
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49
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Mustafa A, Pedone E, Marucci L, Moschou D, Lorenzo MD. A flow-through microfluidic chip for continuous dielectrophoretic separation of viable and non-viable human T-cells. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:501-508. [PMID: 34717293 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective methods for rapid sorting of cells according to their viability are critical in T cells based therapies to prevent any risk to patients. In this context, we present a novel microfluidic device that continuously separates viable and non-viable T-cells according to their dielectric properties. A dielectrophoresis (DEP) force is generated by an array of castellated microelectrodes embedded into a microfluidic channel with a single inlet and two outlets; cells subjected to positive DEP forces are drawn toward the electrodes array and leave from the top outlet, those subjected to negative DEP forces are repelled away from the electrodes and leave from the bottom outlet. Computational fluid dynamics is used to predict the device separation efficacy, according to the applied alternative current (AC) frequency, at which the cells move from/to a negative/positive DEP region and the ionic strength of the suspension medium. The model is used to support the design of the operational conditions, confirming a separation efficiency, in terms of purity, of 96% under an applied AC frequency of 1.5 × 106 Hz and a flow rate of 20 μl/h. This work represents the first example of effective continuous sorting of viable and non-viable human T-cells in a single-inlet microfluidic chip, paving the way for lab-on-a-chip applications at the point of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Current address: Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Despina Moschou
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Turcan I, Caras I, Schreiner TG, Tucureanu C, Salageanu A, Vasile V, Avram M, Tincu B, Olariu MA. Dielectrophoretic and Electrical Impedance Differentiation of Cancerous Cells Based on Biophysical Phenotype. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100401. [PMID: 34677357 PMCID: PMC8533712 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we reported a study on the detection and electrical characterization of both cancer cell line and primary tumor cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were jointly employed to enable the rapid and label-free differentiation of various cancer cells from normal ones. The primary tumor cells that were collected from two colorectal cancer patients, cancer cell lines (SW-403, Jurkat, and THP-1), and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were trapped first at the level of interdigitated microelectrodes with the help of dielectrophoresis. Correlation of the cells dielectric characteristics that was obtained via electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allowed evident differentiation of the various types of cell. The differentiations were assigned to a “dielectric phenotype” based on their crossover frequencies. Finally, Randles equivalent circuit model was employed for highlighting the differences with regard to a series group of charge transport resistance and constant phase element for cancerous and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Turcan
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Profesor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.T.); (T.G.S.)
| | - Iuliana Caras
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical-Military Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Profesor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.T.); (T.G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Catalin Tucureanu
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical-Military Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Aurora Salageanu
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical-Military Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentin Vasile
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical-Military Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Marioara Avram
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (B.T.)
- DDS Diagnostic SRL, 7 Vulcan Judetu Street, 030423 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Tincu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (B.T.)
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Indepentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Andrei Olariu
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Profesor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.T.); (T.G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-474-232
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