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Use of Cysteamine and Glutaraldehyde Chemicals for Robust Functionalization of Substrates with Protein Biomarkers—An Overview on the Construction of Biosensors with Different Transductions. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080581. [PMID: 36004978 PMCID: PMC9406156 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, several biosensors are reported to confirm the absence/presence of an abnormal level of specific human biomarkers in research laboratories. Unfortunately, public marketing and/or pharmacy accessibility are not yet possible for many bodily fluid biomarkers. The questions are numerous, starting from the preparation of the substrates, the wet/dry form of recognizing the (bio)ligands, the exposure time, and the choice of the running buffers. In this context, for the first time, the present overview summarizes the pre-functionalization of standard and nanostructured solid/flexible supports with cysteamine (Cys) and glutaraldehyde (GA) chemicals for robust protein immobilization and detection of biomarkers in body fluids (serum, saliva, and urine) using three transductions: piezoelectrical, electrochemical, and optical, respectively. Thus, the reader can easily access and compare step-by-step conjugate protocols published over the past 10 years. In conclusion, Cys/GA chemistry seems widely used for electrochemical sensing applications with different types of recorded signals, either current, potential, or impedance. On the other hand, piezoelectric detection via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and optical detection by surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)/surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are ultrasensitive platforms and very good candidates for the miniaturization of medical devices in the near future.
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2
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Li Y, Wang Z, Fu R, Wang S, Zhang T, Tian X, Yang D. Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Esophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828368. [PMID: 35387131 PMCID: PMC8977550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal tract cancers, esophageal carcinoma (EC) had the tenth morbidity and sixth mortality rate globally in 2020. This study was conducted to investigate whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be used as diagnostic and prognostic tools for patients with EC. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 129 patients newly diagnosed with EC, 17 individuals with benign diseases, and 75 healthy donors for CTC analysis using the negative enrichment-fluorescence in situ hybridization (NE-FISH) approach. The relationship between CTCs (counts and karyotypes) and clinicopathological features was then investigated. Moreover, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed to evaluate the predictive value of CTCs. Results The detection of CTCs using the NE-FISH approach helped in differentiating patients with EC from benign or healthy controls at a threshold of 2 per 3.2 ml peripheral blood with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.54% and 96.74%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.826, 95% CI 0.770–0.874, p < 0.001). The CTC count was associated with tumor depth (p = 0.012), but there was no correlation with other clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, the proportion of CTCs with chromosome 7 triploidy was linked to distant metastasis (p = 0.033) and TNM stage (p = 0.002). The OS was significantly shorter for patients with CTCs ≥ 3 than for those with CTCs < 3. Univariate analysis revealed that sex, vascular invasion, distant metastasis, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage were the significant prognostic factors for patients with EC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that distant metastasis (hazard ratio (HR) 3.262, 95% CI 1.671–6.369, p = 0.001 for PFS; HR 3.759, 95% CI 1.867–7.571, p < 0.001 for OS) was a significant prognostic factor for patients with EC. Conclusions Detection of CTCs using NE-FISH could be helpful in the diagnosis of EC. The proportion of CTCs with chromosome 7 triploidy was related to distant metastasis and TNM stage. Patients with CTCs ≥ 3 had short OS, while distant metastasis was an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xudong Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Roviello G, Catalano M, Iannone LF, Marano L, Brugia M, Rossi G, Aprile G, Antonuzzo L. Current status and future perspectives in HER2 positive advanced gastric cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:981-996. [PMID: 35091998 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancy worldwide with a prognosis less than 1 year in unresectable or metastatic disease. HER2 expression is the main biomarker to lead the addition of trastuzumab to first line systemic chemotherapy improving the overall survival in advanced HER2-positivegastric adenocarcinoma. The inevitable development of resistance to trastuzumab remains a great problem inasmuch several treatment strategies that have proven effective in breast cancer failed to show clinical benefit in advanced gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the available data on the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary resistance toHER2-targeted therapy and current challenges in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer refractory to trastuzumab. Further, we describe the prognostic value of new non-invasive screening techniques, the current development of novel agents such us HER2 antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies, and the strategies with antitumor activity on going.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - M Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - L F Iannone
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Marano
- Department of Medical, Surgical and NeuroSciences, Section of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Brugia
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, AULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134, Florence, Italy
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4
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Roviello G, Aprile G, D'Angelo A, Iannone LF, Roviello F, Polom K, Mini E, Catalano M. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in advanced gastric cancer: where do we stand? Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:765-779. [PMID: 33742317 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancy worldwide. In unresectable or metastatic disease, the prognosis is poor and in generally less than a year. HER2 expression remains an important biomarker to lead the addition of trastuzumab to first-line systemic chemotherapy in unresectable or metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. To date, a major issue is represented by resistance to trastuzumab developed during treatment, considering the not improved outcomes in this molecular subtype of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma to other HER2 target strategies. In this review, we summarize the available data on the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and current challenges in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer refractory to trastuzumab. Furthermore, we describe the prognostic value of new non-invasive screening methods, under development novel agents (e.g., HER2 antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies) and strategies with antitumor activity in early studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences, Section of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Karol Polom
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences, Section of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Gdansk Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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5
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Zhang X, Lu X, Gao W, Wang Y, Jia C, Cong H. A label-free microfluidic chip for the highly selective isolation of single and cluster CTCs from breast cancer patients. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100959. [PMID: 33248414 PMCID: PMC7704402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results showed that this new chip had an important clinical value of patients with metastatic breast cancer. CTCs count showed good prospects in monitoring cancer prognosis and guiding future individualized treatment. We have manufactured a new microfluidic chip to isolate and identify CTCs and CTCs clusters with high throughput.
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) existing in peripheral blood can be used to predict the prognosis and survival of cancer patients. The study was designed to detect circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor single cell genes by applying microfluidic chip technology. It was used to explore the clinical application value in breast cancer. Methods We have developed a size-based CTCs sorting microfluidic chip, which contains a hexagonal array and a micro-pipe channel array to isolate and confirm both single CTCs and CTCs clusters. The sorting performance of the as-fabricated chip was tested by analyzing the clinical samples collected from 129 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy persons. Results In this study, the chip can detect different immunophenotypes of CTCs in breast cancer patients. It was found that the new microfluidic device had high sensitivity (73.6%) and specificity (82.0%) in detecting CTCs. By detecting the blood samples of 129 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy blood donors, it was found that the number of CTCs was not associated with clinical factors such as age, gender, pathological type, and tumor size of breast cancer patients (P > 0.05), but was associated with TNM staging of breast cancer, with or without metastasis (P < 0.005). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of CTCs between luminal A (ER+/PR+/HER2-) and HER-2+ (ER-/PR-/HER2+) (P < 0.05). The best cut-off level distinguished by CTC between the breast cancer patients and the healthy persons was 3.5 cells/mL, with 0.845 for AUC-ROC, 0.790–0.901 for 95% CI, 73.6% for sensitivity, and 82% for specificity (P = 0.000). The combination of CTC, CEA, CA125 and CA153 can provide more effective breast cancer screening. Conclusions The CTCs analysis method presented here doesn't rely on the specific antibody, such as anti-EpCAM, which would avoid the missed inspection caused by antibody-relied methods and offer more comprehensive biological information for clinical breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Yu Y, Yang L, He C, Tai S, Zhu L, Ma C, Yang T, Cheng F, Sun X, Cui R, Wang S, Wang D. An experimental study on riboflavin photosensitization treatment for inactivation of circulating HCT116 tumor cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 196:111496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ravegnini G, Sammarini G, Serrano C, Nannini M, Pantaleo MA, Hrelia P, Angelini S. Clinical relevance of circulating molecules in cancer: focus on gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919831902. [PMID: 30854029 PMCID: PMC6399766 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919831902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growing research interest has focused on the so-called liquid biopsy. A simple blood test offers access to a plethora of information, which might be extremely helpful in understanding or characterizing specific diseases. Blood contains different molecules, of which circulating free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the most relevant. Conceivably, these molecules have the potential for tumor diagnosis, monitoring tumor evolution, and evaluating treatment response and pharmacological resistance. This review aims to present a state-of-the-art of recent advances in circulating DNA and circulating RNA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). To date, progress in liquid biopsy has been scarce in GISTs due to several issues correlated with the nature of the pathology. Namely, heterogeneity in primary and secondary mutations in key driver genes has greatly slowed the development and application in GISTs, unlike in other tumor types in which liquid biopsy has already been translated into clinical practice. However, meaningful novel data have shown in recent years a significant clinical potential of ctDNA, CTCs, EVs and circulating RNA in GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Sammarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - César Serrano
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria A Pantaleo
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Wang ZL, Zhang P, Li HC, Yang XJ, Zhang YP, Li ZL, Xue L, Xue YQ, Li HL, Chen Q, Chong T. Dynamic changes of different phenotypic and genetic circulating tumor cells as a biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of RCC. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:505-512. [PMID: 30359544 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1537576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and relevant autophagy Beclin-1 genes expression are critical biomarkers for tumorigenesis and tumor progress. Here we investigated the relationship of dynamic changes of CTCs and Beclin-1 expression of CTCs with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 69 patients with RCC were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the postoperative status of distant metastasis, including metastasis-free group (n = 58) and metastatic group (n = 11). Demographic characteristics of each patient were recorded in detail. All 69 enrolled patients had received multiple CTC tests and peripheral blood samples were obtained at three different time points (1 day before operation, 6 months and 12 months after operation). Peripheral blood samples were drawn before each time point and CTCs were separated by using Can Patrol CTC enrichment technique. CTCs were divided into epithelial, mesenchymal and mixed phenotype based on different surface biomarkers. RNA in situ hybridization assay was used to detect the expression of Beclin1 gene. RESULTS The percentages of epithelial, mesenchymal and mixed CTCs were 11.64%, 28.04% and 60.32%, respectively. There were no significant differences of initial CTCs counts between metastasis-free group (8.43 ± 5.15) and metastatic group (7.71 ± 3.82) (P > 0.05). As for metastatic group, the number of mixed CTCs at 12 months postoperatively was significantly higher than that of mixed CTCs preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). In the metastatic group, the number of Beclin1 positive CTCs was significantly higher than that of Beclin1 negative CTCs preoperatively (P < 0.05), moreover, there were several significantly changes of Beclin1 positive CTCs with different types and at different time points. CONCLUSION The recurrence or metastasis of RCC was uncorrelated with initial CTCs counts, but probably related with the variation trend of CTCs, especially mesenchymal CTCs and Beclin1 positive CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Long Wang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Peng Zhang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - He-Cheng Li
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Zhao-Lun Li
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Li Xue
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yu-Quan Xue
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Qi Chen
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Tie Chong
- a Department of Urology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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Elazezy M, Joosse SA. Techniques of using circulating tumor DNA as a liquid biopsy component in cancer management. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:370-378. [PMID: 30364656 PMCID: PMC6197739 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine in the clinical management of cancer may be achieved through the diagnostic platform called “liquid biopsy”. This method utilizes the detection of biomarkers in blood for prognostic and predictive purposes. One of the latest blood born markers under investigation in the field of liquid biopsy in cancer patients is circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). ctDNA is released by tumor cells through different mechanisms and can therefore provide information about the genomic make-up of the tumor currently present in the patient. Through longitudinal ctDNA-based liquid biopsies, tumor dynamics may be monitored to predict and assess drug response and/or resistance. However, because ctDNA is highly fragmented and because its concentration can be extremely low in a high background of normal circulating DNA, screening for clinical relevant mutations is challenging. Although significant progress has been made in advancing the detection and analysis of ctDNA in the last few years, the current challenges include standardization and increasing current techniques to single molecule sensitivity in combination with perfect specificity. This review focuses on the potential role of ctDNA in the clinical management of cancer patients, the current technologies that are being employed, and the hurdles that still need to be taken to achieve ctDNA-based liquid biopsy towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Elazezy
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Delgado-Ureña M, Ortega FG, de Miguel-Pérez D, Rodriguez-Martínez A, García-Puche JL, Ilyine H, Lorente JA, Exposito-Hernandez J, Garrido-Navas MC, Delgado-Ramirez M, Serrano MJ. Circulating tumor cells criteria (CyCAR) versus standard RECIST criteria for treatment response assessment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. J Transl Med 2018; 16:251. [PMID: 30189880 PMCID: PMC6127986 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as indicators of treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) needs to be clarified. The objective of this study is to compare the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) with the Cytologic Criteria Assessing Response (CyCAR), based on the presence and phenotypic characterization of CTCs, as indicators of FOLFOX–bevacizumab treatment response. Methods 77 mCRC blood samples from FOLFOX–bevacizumab treated patients were analyzed to isolate CTCs before and after (12 and 24 weeks) treatment, using an immunomagnetic separation method. VEGFR expression was identified by double immunostaining. Results We observed a decrease of CTCs (42.8 vs. 18.2%) and VEGFR positivity (69.7% vs. 41.7%) after treatment. According to RECIST, 6.45% of the patients did not show any clinical benefit, whereas 93.55% patients showed a favorable response at 12 weeks. According to CyCAR, 29% had a non-favorable response and 71% patients did not. No significant differences were found between the response assessment by RECIST and CyCAR at 12 or 24 weeks. However, in the multivariate analysis, RECIST at 12 weeks and CyCAR at 24 weeks were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02–0.58 and HR: 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.99 respectively). Conclusions CyCAR results were comparable to RECIST in evaluating the response in mCRC and can be used as an alternative when the limitation of RECIST requires additional response analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Delgado-Ureña
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco G Ortega
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Martínez
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18071, Granada, Spain.,DestiNA Genomics Ltd, 7-11 Melville St, Edinburgh, EH3 7PE, UK.,Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBERESP, University of Jaen, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23072, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jose L García-Puche
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Hugh Ilyine
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd, 7-11 Melville St, Edinburgh, EH3 7PE, UK
| | - Jose A Lorente
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Exposito-Hernandez
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Garrido-Navas
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Ramirez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBERESP, University of Jaen, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23072, Jaén, Spain
| | - M José Serrano
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain. .,Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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11
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A Multicenter Phase II Study of Gemcitabine, Capecitabine, and Bevacizumab for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2018; 41:649-655. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Tawara K, Bolin C, Koncinsky J, Kadaba S, Covert H, Sutherland C, Bond L, Kronz J, Garbow JR, Jorcyk CL. OSM potentiates preintravasation events, increases CTC counts, and promotes breast cancer metastasis to the lung. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:53. [PMID: 29898744 PMCID: PMC6001163 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic and chronic inflammatory conditions in patients with breast cancer have been associated with reduced patient survival and increased breast cancer aggressiveness. This paper characterizes the role of an inflammatory cytokine, oncostatin M (OSM), in the preintravasation aspects of breast cancer metastasis. Methods OSM expression levels in human breast cancer tissue samples were assessed using tissue microarrays, and expression patterns based on clinical stage were assessed. To determine the in vivo role of OSM in breast cancer metastasis to the lung, we used three orthotopic breast cancer mouse models, including a syngeneic 4T1.2 mouse mammary cancer model, the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model, and an OSM-knockout (OSM-KO) mouse model. Progression of metastatic disease was tracked by magnetic resonance imaging and bioluminescence imaging. Endpoint analysis included circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts, lung metastatic burden analysis by qPCR, and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging. Results Using tissue microarrays, we found that tumor cell OSM was expressed at the highest levels in ductal carcinoma in situ. This finding suggests that OSM may function during the earlier steps of breast cancer metastasis. In mice bearing MDA-MB-231-Luc2 xenograft tumors, peritumoral injection of recombinant human OSM not only increased metastases to the lung and decreased survival but also increased CTC numbers. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a gp130 family inflammatory cytokine has been shown to directly affect CTC numbers. Using a 4T1.2 syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer, we found that mice bearing 4T1.2-shOSM tumors with knocked down tumor expression of OSM had reduced CTCs, decreased lung metastatic burden, and increased survival compared with mice bearing control tumors. CTC numbers were further reduced in OSM-KO mice bearing the same tumors, demonstrating the importance of both paracrine- and autocrine-produced OSM in this process. In vitro studies further supported the hypothesis that OSM promotes preintravasation aspects of cancer metastasis, because OSM induced both 4T1.2 tumor cell detachment and migration. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that OSM plays a crucial role in the early steps of metastatic breast cancer progression, resulting in increased CTCs and lung metastases as well as reduced survival. Therefore, early therapeutic inhibition of OSM in patients with breast cancer may prevent breast cancer metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-0971-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tawara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Celeste Bolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Jordan Koncinsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Sujatha Kadaba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Hunter Covert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Caleb Sutherland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Laura Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | | | - Joel R Garbow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
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Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells from lung cancer patients using microfluidic chip. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:191-202. [PMID: 29445889 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exist in the peripheral blood and have an important role in the disease development, tumor metastasis and clinical surveillance, especially in the process of metastasis. However, the technology of detecting CTCs still had a large challenge since they were rare in the peripheral blood. Here, we developed a size-based microfluidic chip, which contained array and filter channel array that could enrich CTCs from blood samples more quickly and conveniently. Combined with clinical specimen, we analyzed CTCs in 200 lung cancer patients by this microfluidic chip. The microfluidic device has high specificity and sensitivity in detecting CTCs (86.0% sensitivity and 98% specificity). Furthermore, the number of CTCs showed a increasing trend according to the stage of the disease (the mean number of I stage 5.0 ± 5.121 versus II stage 8.731 ± 6.36 versus III stage 16.81 ± 9.556 versus IV stage 28.72 ± 17.39 cells/mL, P < 0.05). The number of CTCs was concurrent with the condition of pathological type and metastasis patients. Compared to conventional markers like CEA, CY211, SCC, CTCs showed a higher positive rate in diagnosed patients. The advanced microfluidic device could capture tumor cells without reliance on cell surface expression markers and provide a fast, convenient, economical method in detecting CTCs, thereby offering potential to design effective and individualized cancer therapies.
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14
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Liu W, Yin B, Wang X, Yu P, Duan X, Liu C, Wang B, Tao Z. Circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer: Precision diagnosis and therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1223-1232. [PMID: 28789337 PMCID: PMC5529747 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of tumor-associated mortality in prostate cancer (PCa) remains distant metastasis. The dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites through the bloodstream cannot be detected early by standard imaging methods. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent an effective prognostic and predictive biomarker, which are able to monitor efficacy of adjuvant therapies, detect early development of metastases, and finally, assess therapeutic responses of advanced disease earlier than traditional diagnostic methods. In addition, since repeated tissue biopsies are invasive, costly and not always feasible, the assessment of tumor characteristics on CTCs, by a peripheral blood sample as a liquid biopsy, represents an attractive opportunity. The implementation of molecular and genomic characterization of CTCs may contribute to improve the treatment selection and thus, to move toward more precise diagnosis and therapy in PCa. The present study summarizes the current advances in CTC enrichment and detection strategies and reviews how CTCs may contribute to significant insights in the metastatic process, as well as how they may be utilized in clinical application in PCa. Although it is proposed that CTCs may offer insights into the prognosis and management of PCa, there are a number of challenges in the study of circulating tumor cells, and their clinical utility remains under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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15
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Massihnia D, Perez A, Bazan V, Bronte G, Castiglia M, Fanale D, Barraco N, Cangemi A, Di Piazza F, Calò V, Rizzo S, Cicero G, Pantuso G, Russo A. A headlight on liquid biopsies: a challenging tool for breast cancer management. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:4263-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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16
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Pixberg CF, Schulz WA, Stoecklein NH, Neves RPL. Characterization of DNA Methylation in Circulating Tumor Cells. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:1053-75. [PMID: 26506390 PMCID: PMC4690028 DOI: 10.3390/genes6041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics contributes to molecular mechanisms leading to tumor cell transformation and systemic progression of cancer. However, the dynamics of epigenetic remodeling during metastasis remains unexplored. In this context, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) might enable a direct insight into epigenetic mechanisms relevant for metastasis by providing direct access to systemic cancer. CTCs can be used as prognostic markers in cancer patients and are regarded as potential metastatic precursor cells. However, despite substantial technical progress, the detection and molecular characterization of CTCs remain challenging, in particular the analysis of DNA methylation. As recent studies have started to address the epigenetic state of CTCs, we discuss here the potential of such investigations to elucidate mechanisms of metastasis and to develop tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin F Pixberg
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Rui P L Neves
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Francis G, Stein S. Circulating Cell-Free Tumour DNA in the Management of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14122-42. [PMID: 26101870 PMCID: PMC4490543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160614122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of new sensitive molecular techniques, circulating cell-free tumour DNA containing mutations can be identified in the plasma of cancer patients. The applications of this technology may result in significant changes to the care and management of cancer patients. Whilst, currently, these "liquid biopsies" are used to supplement the histological diagnosis of cancer and metastatic disease, in the future these assays may replace the need for invasive procedures. Applications include the monitoring of tumour burden, the monitoring of minimal residual disease, monitoring of tumour heterogeneity, monitoring of molecular resistance and early diagnosis of tumours and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Francis
- Director Pathology, Genomics for Life, Herston 4006, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia.
| | - Sandra Stein
- Laboratory Director, Genomics for Life, Herston 4006, Australia.
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