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Qi L, Li G, Li P, Wang H, Fang X, He T, Li J. Twenty years of Gendicine® rAd-p53 cancer gene therapy: The first-in-class human cancer gene therapy in the era of personalized oncology. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101155. [PMID: 38523676 PMCID: PMC10958704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in TP53 contribute to human malignancies through various means. To date, there have been a variety of therapeutic strategies targeting p53, including gene therapy to restore normal p53 function, mutant p53 rescue, inhibiting the MDM2-p53 interaction, p53-based vaccines, and a number of other approaches. This review focuses on the functions of TP53 and discusses the aberrant roles of mutant p53 in various types of cancer. Recombinant human p53 adenovirus, trademarked as Gendicine, which is the first anti-tumor gene therapy drug, has made tremendous progress in cancer gene therapy. We herein discuss the biological mechanisms by which Gendicine exerts its effects and describe the clinical responses reported in clinical trials. Notably, the clinical studies suggest that the combination of Gendicine with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may produce more pronounced efficacy in slowing tumor growth and progression than gene therapy/chemotherapy alone. Finally, we summarize the methods of administration of recombinant human p53 adenovirus for different cancer types to provide a reference for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Guiqing Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Decording Therapeutics Corp, Shangha 200000, China
- Yangkun Biogroup Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Xiaolong Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
- Jinming Yu Academician Workstation of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Tongchuan He
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60290, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
- Jinming Yu Academician Workstation of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
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Wehbe N, Badran A, Baydoun S, Al-Sawalmih A, Maresca M, Baydoun E, Mesmar JE. The Antioxidant Potential and Anticancer Activity of Halodule uninervis Ethanolic Extract against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:726. [PMID: 38929164 PMCID: PMC11200955 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural remedies have been indispensable to traditional medicine practices for generations, offering therapeutic solutions for various ailments. In modern times, these natural products continue to play a pivotal role in the discovery of new drugs, especially for cancer treatment. The marine ecosystem offers a wide range of plants with potential anticancer activities due to their distinct biochemical diversity and adaptation to extreme situations. The seagrass Halodule uninervis is rich in diverse bioactive metabolites that bestow the plant with various pharmacological properties. However, its anticancer activity against invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still poorly investigated. In the present study, the phytochemical composition of an ethanolic extract of H. uninervis (HUE) was screened, and its antioxidant potential was evaluated. Moreover, the anticancer potential of HUE against MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated along with the possible underlying mechanisms of action. Our results showed that HUE is rich in diverse phytochemicals that are known for their antioxidant and anticancer effects. In MDA-MB-231 cells, HUE targeted the hallmarks of cancer, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The HUE-mediated anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects were associated with the downregulation of the proto-oncogenic STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, H. uninervis could serve as a valuable source for developing novel drugs targeting TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wehbe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Serine Baydoun
- Breast Imaging Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Ali Al-Sawalmih
- Marine Science Station, University of Jordan, Aqaba 11942, Jordan;
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSM2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Joelle Edward Mesmar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.W.); (E.B.)
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Hsu CL, Chang YS, Li HP. Molecular Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Past and Future. Biomed J 2024:100748. [PMID: 38796105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originated from the nasopharynx epithelial cells and has been linked with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, dietary habits, environmental and genetic factors. It is a common malignancy in Southeast Asia, especially with gender preference among men. Due to its non-specific symptoms, NPC is often diagnosed at a late stage. Thus, the molecular diagnosis of NPC plays a crucial role in early detection, treatment selection, disease monitoring, and prognosis prediction. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state and the latest emerging molecular diagnostic techniques for NPC, including EBV-related biomarkers, gene mutations, liquid biopsy, and DNA methylation. Challenges and potential future directions of NPC molecular diagnosis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Pai Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
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4
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Naeimzadeh Y, Tajbakhsh A, Fallahi J. Understanding the prion-like behavior of mutant p53 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer pathogenesis: The current therapeutic strategies and future directions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26260. [PMID: 38390040 PMCID: PMC10881377 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is viewed as a significant public health issue and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype that predominantly affects young premenopausal women. The tumor suppressor p53 playsa vital role in the cellular response to DNA damage, and its loss or mutations are commonly present in many cancers, including BC. Recent evidence suggests that mutant p53 proteins can aggregate and form prion-like structures, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of different types of malignancies, such as BC. This review provides an overview of BC molecular subtypes, the epidemiology of TNBC, and the role of p53 in BC development. We also discuss the potential implications of prion-like aggregation in BC and highlight future research directions. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the current therapeutic approaches targeting p53 aggregates in BC treatment is presented. Strategies including small molecules, chaperone inhibitors, immunotherapy, CRISPR-Cas9, and siRNA are discussed, along with their potential benefits and drawbacks. The use of these approaches to inhibit p53 aggregation and degradation represents a promising target for cancer therapy. Future investigations into the efficacy of these approaches against various p53 mutations or binding to non-p53 proteins should be conducted to develop more effective and personalized therapies for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Naeimzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7133654361, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7133654361, Iran
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Ghosh D, Pryor B, Jiang N. Cellular signaling in glioblastoma: A molecular and clinical perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:1-47. [PMID: 38782497 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. Such high patient mortality in GBM is pertaining to the presence of clinical and molecular heterogeneity attributed to various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Such alterations in critically important signaling pathways are attributed to aberrant gene signaling. Different subclasses of GBM show predominance of different genetic alterations and therefore, understanding the complex signaling pathways and their key molecular components in different subclasses of GBM is extremely important with respect to clinical management. In this book chapter, we summarize the common and important signaling pathways that play a significant role in different subclasses and discuss their therapeutic targeting approaches in terms of preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Brett Pryor
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Jiang
- Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
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Zaza M, Rashed MH, Elrefaey H, Hassan MH, Abo-Salem OM, El-Sayed ESM. PRIMA-1 synergizes olaparib-induced cell death in p53 mutant triple negative human breast cancer cell line via restoring p53 function, arresting cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:55-68. [PMID: 37818839 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study concerned with assessing the effect of restoring p53 using PRIMA-1 on the anti-cancer activity of olaparib against TP53-mutant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and exploring the optimum synergistic concentrations and the underlying mechanism. Human BC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 with mutated TP53 gene, and MCF-7 with wild-type TP53 gene were treated with olaparib and/or PRIMA-1. The IC50 value for olaparib was significantly decreased by PRIMA-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MCF-7 cells. Contrary to MCF-7 cells, co-treatment with olaparib and PRIMA-1 had a synergistic anti-proliferative effect in MDA-MB-231 at all tested concentrations with the best synergistic combination at 45 and 8.5 µM, respectively, and furthermore PRIMA-1 enhanced olaparib-induced apoptosis. This synergistic apoptotic effect was associated with a significant boost in mRNA expression of TP53 gene, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, modulation of BRCA-1, BAX and Bcl2 proteins expressions, and induction of active caspase-3. These results present a clue for the utility of combined olaparib and PRIMA-1 in treatment of TP53-mutant TNBC invitro. PRIMA-1 triggers olaparib-induced MDA-MB-231 cell death in a synergistic manner via restoring TP53, decreasing BRCA-1 expression, cell cycle arrest, and enhancement of apoptosis via p53/BAX/Bcl2/caspase 3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxic1ology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Rashed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxic1ology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Elrefaey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxic1ology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Memy H Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxic1ology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama M Abo-Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxic1ology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxic1ology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lee SM, Han Y, Cho KH. Deep learning untangles the resistance mechanism of p53 reactivator in lung cancer cells. iScience 2023; 26:108377. [PMID: 38034356 PMCID: PMC10682260 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 plays a pivotal role in suppressing cancer, so various drugs has been suggested to upregulate its function. However, drug resistance is still the biggest hurdle to be overcome. To address this, we developed a deep learning model called AnoDAN (anomalous gene detection using generative adversarial networks and graph neural networks for overcoming drug resistance) that unravels the hidden resistance mechanisms and identifies a combinatorial target to overcome the resistance. Our findings reveal that the TGF-β signaling pathway, alongside the p53 signaling pathway, mediates the resistance, with THBS1 serving as a core regulatory target in both pathways. Experimental validation in lung cancer cells confirms the effects of THBS1 on responsiveness to a p53 reactivator. We further discovered the positive feedback loop between THBS1 and the TGF-β pathway as the main source of resistance. This study enhances our understanding of p53 regulation and offers insights into overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Han
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Xiao S, Shi F, Song H, Wu J, Zheng D, Chen X, Tan K, Lu M. Arsenic trioxide extends survival of Li-Fraumeni syndrome mimicking mouse. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:783. [PMID: 38030599 PMCID: PMC10687230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is characterized by germline mutations occurring on one allele of genome guardian TP53. It is a severe cancer predisposition syndrome with a poor prognosis, partly due to the frequent development of subsequent primary tumors following DNA-damaging therapies. Here we explored, for the first time, the effectiveness of mutant p53 rescue compound in treating LFS-mimicking mice harboring a deleterious p53 mutation. Among the ten p53 hotspot mutations in IARC LFS cohorts, R282W is one of the mutations predicting the poorest survival prognosis and the earliest tumor onset. Among the six clinical-stage mutant p53 rescue compounds, arsenic trioxide (ATO) effectively restored transactivation activity to p53-R282W. We thus constructed a heterozygous Trp53 R279W (corresponding to human R282W) mouse model for the ATO treatment study. The p53R279W/+ (W/+) mice exhibited tumor onset and overall survival well mimicking the ones of human LFS. Further, 35 mg/L ATO addition in drink water significantly extended the median survival of W/+ mice (from 460 to 596 days, hazard ratio = 0.4003, P = 0.0008). In the isolated tumors from ATO-treated W/+ mice, the representative p53 targets including Cdkn1a, Mdm2, and Tigar were significantly upregulated, accompanying with a decreased level of the proliferation marker Ki67 and increased level of apoptosis marker TUNEL. Together, the non-genotoxic treatment of p53 rescue compound ATO holds promise as an alternative for LFS therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shujun Xiao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huaxin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Derun Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Dundr P, Hájková N, Kendall Bártů M, Cibula D, Drozenová J, Fabian P, Fadare O, Frühauf F, Hausnerová J, Hojný J, Laco J, Lax SF, Matěj R, Méhes G, Michálková R, Němejcová K, Singh N, Stolnicu S, Švajdler M, Zima T, McCluggage WG, Stružinská I. Refined criteria for p53 expression in ovarian mucinous tumours are highly concordant with TP53 mutation status, but p53 expression/TP53 status lack prognostic significance. Pathology 2023; 55:785-791. [PMID: 37500307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In gynecological neoplasms, immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 is generally an accurate predictor of TP53 mutation status if correctly interpreted by the pathologist. However, the literature concerning cut-offs, frequency and prognostic significance of p53 staining in ovarian mucinous tumours is limited and heterogeneous. We performed an analysis of 123 primary ovarian mucinous tumours including mucinous borderline tumours (MBT), mucinous carcinomas (MC), and tumours with equivocal features between MBT and MC. We assessed p53 expression for the three recognised patterns of aberrant staining in ovarian carcinoma [overexpression ('all'), null and cytoplasmic] but using a recently suggested cut-off for aberrant overexpression in ovarian mucinous tumours (strong nuclear p53 staining in ≥12 consecutive tumour cells) and correlated the results with next generation sequencing (NGS) in all qualitatively sufficient cases (92/123). Aberrant p53 expression was present in 25/75 (33.3%) MBT, 23/33 (69.7%) MC (75% of MC with expansile invasion and 61.5% with infiltrative invasion), and 10/15 (66.7%) tumours equivocal between MBT and MC. Regarding the 92 tumours with paired IHC and mutation results, 86 showed concordant results and six cases were discordant. Three discordant MBT cases showed aberrant expression but were TP53 wild-type on sequencing. Three cases had normal p53 expression but contained a TP53 mutation. Overall, IHC predicted the TP53 mutation status with high sensitivity (94.1%) and specificity (92.7%). The accuracy of IHC was 93.5% with a positive predictive value of 94.1% and a negative predictive value of 92.7%. When comparing MC cases with wild-type TP53 versus those with TP53 mutation, there were no significant differences concerning disease-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, or metastases-free survival (p>0.05). In the MBT subgroup, there were no events for survival analyses. In conclusion, using an independent large sample set of ovarian mucinous tumours, the results of our study confirm that the suggested refined cut-off of strong nuclear p53 staining in ≥12 consecutive tumour cells reflect high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for an underlying TP53 mutation but the TP53 mutation status has no prognostic significance in either MC or MBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Nikola Hájková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kendall Bártů
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenová
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Filip Frühauf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojný
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sigurd F Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz II, Graz, Austria; Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Romana Michálková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, Blizard Institute of Core Pathology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simona Stolnicu
- Department of Pathology, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Šikl's Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Shin DY. TP53 Mutation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An Old Foe Revisited. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4816. [PMID: 37835510 PMCID: PMC10571655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered in the history of medical science. Mutations in the TP53 gene occur at various genetic locations and exhibit significant heterogeneity among patients. Mutations occurring primarily within the DNA-binding domain of TP53 result in the loss of the p53 protein's DNA-binding capability. However, a complex phenotypic landscape often combines gain-of-function, dominant negative, or altered specificity features. This complexity poses a significant challenge in developing an effective treatment strategy, which eradicates TP53-mutated cancer clones. This review summarizes the current understanding of TP53 mutations in AML and their implications. TP53 mutation in AML: In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), six hotspot mutations (R175H, G245S, R248Q/W, R249S, R273H/S, and R282W) within the DNA-binding domain are common. TP53 mutations are frequently associated with a complex karyotype and subgroups of therapy-related or secondary AML. The presence of TP53 mutation is considered as a poor prognostic factor. TP53-mutated AML is even classified as a distinct subgroup of AML by itself, as TP53-mutated AML exhibits a significantly distinct landscape in terms of co-mutation and gene expression profiles compared with wildtype (WT)-TP53 AML. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS To better predict the prognosis in cancer patients with different TP53 mutations, several predictive scoring systems have been proposed based on screening experiments, to assess the aggressiveness of TP53-mutated cancer cells. Among those scoring systems, a relative fitness score (RFS) could be applied to AML patients with TP53 mutations in terms of overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). The current standard treatment, which includes cytotoxic chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is largely ineffective for patients with TP53-mutated AML. Consequently, most patients with TP53-mutated AML succumb to leukemia within several months, despite active anticancer treatment. Decitabine, a hypomethylating agent, is known to be relatively effective in patients with AML. Numerous trials are ongoing to investigate the effects of novel drugs combined with hypomethylating agents, TP53-targeting agents or immunologic agents. CONCLUSIONS Developing an effective treatment strategy for TP53-mutated AML through innovative and multidisciplinary research is an urgent task. Directly targeting mutated TP53 holds promise as an approach to combating TP53-mutated AML, and recent developments in immunologic agents for AML offer hope in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeop Shin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-7209; Fax: +82-2-762-9662
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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11
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Scholl S, Roufai DB, Chérif LL, Kamal M. RAIDS atlas of significant genetic and protein biomarkers in cervical cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2023; 34:e74. [PMID: 37668079 PMCID: PMC10482580 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function in epigenetic acting genes together with driver alterations in the PIK3CA pathway have been shown significantly associated with poor outcome in cervical squamous cell cancer. More recently, a CoxBoost analysis identified 16 gene alterations and 30 high level activated proteins to be of high interest, due to their association with either good or bad outcome, in the context of treatment received by chemoradiation. The objectives here were to review and confirm the significance of these molecular alterations as suggested by literature reports and to pinpoint alternate treatments options for poor-responders to chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Scholl
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France.
| | | | - Linda Larbi Chérif
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Maud Kamal
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
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12
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Brahme A. TP53 and the Ultimate Biological Optimization Steps of Curative Radiation Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4286. [PMID: 37686565 PMCID: PMC10487030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The new biological interaction cross-section-based repairable-homologically repairable (RHR) damage formulation for radiation-induced cellular inactivation, repair, misrepair, and apoptosis was applied to optimize radiation therapy. This new formulation implies renewed thinking about biologically optimized radiation therapy, suggesting that most TP53 intact normal tissues are low-dose hypersensitive (LDHS) and low-dose apoptotic (LDA). This generates a fractionation window in LDHS normal tissues, indicating that the maximum dose to organs at risk should be ≤2.3 Gy/Fr, preferably of low LET. This calls for biologically optimized treatments using a few high tumor dose-intensity-modulated light ion beams, thereby avoiding secondary cancer risks and generating a real tumor cure without a caspase-3-induced accelerated tumor cell repopulation. Light ions with the lowest possible LET in normal tissues and high LET only in the tumor imply the use of the lightest ions, from lithium to boron. The high microscopic heterogeneity in the tumor will cause local microscopic cold spots; thus, in the last week of curative ion therapy, when there are few remaining viable tumor clonogens randomly spread in the target volume, the patient should preferably receive the last 10 GyE via low LET, ensuring perfect tumor coverage, a high cure probability, and a reduced risk for adverse normal tissue reactions. Interestingly, such an approach would also ensure a steeper rise in tumor cure probability and a higher complication-free cure, as the few remaining clonogens are often fairly well oxygenated, eliminating a shallower tumor response due to inherent ion beam heterogeneity. With the improved fractionation proposal, these approaches may improve the complication-free cure probability by about 10-25% or even more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brahme
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet,17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Neely V, Manchikalapudi A, Nguyen K, Dalton K, Hu B, Koblinski JE, Faber AC, Deb S, Harada H. Targeting Oncogenic Mutant p53 and BCL-2 for Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13082. [PMID: 37685889 PMCID: PMC10487506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Through a unique genomics and drug screening platform with ~800 solid tumor cell lines, we have found a subset of SCLC cell lines are hypersensitive to venetoclax, an FDA-approved inhibitor of BCL-2. SCLC-A (ASCL1 positive) and SCLC-P (POU2F3 positive), which make up almost 80% of SCLC, frequently express high levels of BCL-2. We found that a subset of SCLC-A and SCLC-P showed high BCL-2 expression but were venetoclax-resistant. In addition, most of these SCLC cell lines have TP53 missense mutations, which make a single amino acid change. These mutants not only lose wild-type (WT) p53 tumor suppressor functions, but also acquire novel cancer-promoting activities (oncogenic, gain-of-function). A recent study with oncogenic mutant (Onc)-p53 knock-in mouse models of SCLC suggests gain-of-function activity can attenuate chemotherapeutic efficacy. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that Onc-p53 confers venetoclax resistance and that simultaneous inhibition of BCL-2 and Onc-p53 induces synergistic anticancer activity in a subset of SCLC-A and SCLC-P. We show here that (1) down-regulation of Onc-p53 increases the expression of a BH3-only pro-apoptotic BIM and sensitizes to venetoclax in SCLC-P cells; (2) targeting Onc-p53 by the HSP90 inhibitor, ganetespib, increases BIM expression and sensitizes to venetoclax in SCLC-P and SCLC-A cells. Although there are currently many combination studies for venetoclax proposed, the concept of simultaneous targeting of BCL-2 and Onc-p53 by the combination of venetoclax and HSP90 inhibitors would be a promising approach for SCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Neely
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (A.M.); (K.N.); (K.D.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Alekhya Manchikalapudi
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (A.M.); (K.N.); (K.D.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Khanh Nguyen
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (A.M.); (K.N.); (K.D.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Krista Dalton
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (A.M.); (K.N.); (K.D.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (B.H.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Jennifer E. Koblinski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (B.H.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Anthony C. Faber
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (A.M.); (K.N.); (K.D.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Sumitra Deb
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (V.N.); (A.M.); (K.N.); (K.D.); (A.C.F.)
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14
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Kotob S, Kelts JL. PRIMA-1 MET Does Not Restore Vitamin D Sensitivity to MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30500-30507. [PMID: 37636961 PMCID: PMC10448659 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that causes growth suppression in cultured cells. We had previously discovered that the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 did not have growth suppression with vitamin D, while MCF-7 did. MCF-7 cells are not triple-negative and have wild-type p53. Both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 have mutations in p53 and these mutations were a possible explanation for the lack of growth suppression with vitamin D. Our hypothesis was that reactivation of p53 in the triple-negative cell lines would cause them to become sensitive to vitamin D. We chose to use the small molecule PRIMA-1MET to reactivate p53 as it has been previously shown to restore function to the p53 mutants present in MB-231 and MB-468. We then measured the ability of vitamin D and its analogues calcipotriol and EB1089 to suppress growth in the presence of PRIMA-1MET. Here, we show that while PRIMA-1MET can kill the breast cancer cells investigated in this study, it does not restore their sensitivity to vitamin D or its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi
N. Kotob
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
| | - Jessica L. Kelts
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
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15
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Walker DM, Lazarova TI, Riesinger SW, Poirier MC, Messier T, Cunniff B, Walker VE. WR1065 conjugated to thiol-PEG polymers as novel anticancer prodrugs: broad spectrum efficacy, synergism, and drug resistance reversal. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1212604. [PMID: 37576902 PMCID: PMC10419174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1212604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of anticancer agents that overcome innate/acquired drug resistance is the single biggest barrier to achieving a durable complete response to cancer therapy. To address this issue, a new drug family was developed for intracellular delivery of the bioactive aminothiol WR1065 by conjugating it to discrete thiol-PEG polymers: 4-star-PEG-S-S-WR1065 (4SP65) delivers four WR1065s/molecule and m-PEG6-S-S-WR1065 (1LP65) delivers one. Infrequently, WR1065 has exhibited anticancer effects when delivered via the FDA-approved cytoprotectant amifostine, which provides one WR1065/molecule extracellularly. The relative anticancer effectiveness of 4SP65, 1LP65, and amifostine was evaluated in a panel of 15 human cancer cell lines derived from seven tissues. Additional experiments assessed the capacity of 4SP65 co-treatments to potentiate the anticancer effectiveness and overcome drug resistance to cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic, or gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting oncogenic EGFR mutations. The CyQUANT®-NF proliferation assay was used to assess cell viability after 48-h drug treatments, with the National Cancer Institute COMPARE methodology employed to characterize dose-response metrics. In normal human epithelial cells, 4SP65 or 1LP65 enhanced or inhibited cell growth but was not cytotoxic. In cancer cell lines, 4SP65 and 1LP65 induced dose-dependent cytostasis and cytolysis achieving 99% cell death at drug concentrations of 11.2 ± 1.2 µM and 126 ± 15.8 µM, respectively. Amifostine had limited cytostatic effects in 11/14 cancer cell lines and no cytolytic effects. Binary pairs of 4SP65 plus cisplatin or gefitinib increased the efficacy of each partner drug and surmounted resistance to cytolysis by cisplatin and gefitinib in relevant cancer cell lines. 4SP65 and 1LP65 were significantly more effective against TP53-mutant than TP53-wild-type cell lines, consistent with WR1065-mediated reactivation of mutant p53. Thus, 4SP65 and 1LP65 represent a unique prodrug family for innovative applications as broad-spectrum anticancer agents that target p53 and synergize with a chemotherapeutic and an EGFR-TKI to prevent or overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale M. Walker
- The Burlington HC Research Group, Inc., Jericho, VT, United States
| | | | | | - Miriam C. Poirier
- Carcinogen–DNA Interactions Section, Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Terri Messier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology and Pathology Program, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology and Pathology Program, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Vernon E. Walker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology and Pathology Program, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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16
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Silva JL, Foguel D, Ferreira VF, Vieira TCRG, Marques MA, Ferretti GDS, Outeiro TF, Cordeiro Y, de Oliveira GAP. Targeting Biomolecular Condensation and Protein Aggregation against Cancer. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37379327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates, membrane-less entities arising from liquid-liquid phase separation, hold dichotomous roles in health and disease. Alongside their physiological functions, these condensates can transition to a solid phase, producing amyloid-like structures implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer. This review thoroughly examines the dual nature of biomolecular condensates, spotlighting their role in cancer, particularly concerning the p53 tumor suppressor. Given that over half of the malignant tumors possess mutations in the TP53 gene, this topic carries profound implications for future cancer treatment strategies. Notably, p53 not only misfolds but also forms biomolecular condensates and aggregates analogous to other protein-based amyloids, thus significantly influencing cancer progression through loss-of-function, negative dominance, and gain-of-function pathways. The exact molecular mechanisms underpinning the gain-of-function in mutant p53 remain elusive. However, cofactors like nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans are known to be critical players in this intersection between diseases. Importantly, we reveal that molecules capable of inhibiting mutant p53 aggregation can curtail tumor proliferation and migration. Hence, targeting phase transitions to solid-like amorphous and amyloid-like states of mutant p53 offers a promising direction for innovative cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerson L Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tuane C R G Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Marques
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia D S Ferretti
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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17
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Raheem KY, Ibukunoluwa FP, Olorundare SA, Nandwa JO, Abayomi MA, Uchechukwu EJ, Adewunmi M, Blessing KZ, Anthony MM, Gbadebo MI, Daniel FT. Therapeutic capability of selected medicinal plants' bioactive constituents against the mutant ovarian TP53 gene; a computational approach. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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18
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Habelt B, Dörr W. Relative biological effectiveness of low-energy X-rays (25 kV) in mutant p53 cancer cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023; 62:161-170. [PMID: 36609923 PMCID: PMC9950242 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-01014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy X-rays as used in radiation therapy and diagnostics such as mammography are associated with a certain risk of promoting tumour development, especially in patients with mutations in cancer-related genes like TP53. The present study therefore addressed the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of low-energy X-rays for two human adenocarcinoma cell lines of the breast (MDA-MB-468) and pancreas (BxPC-3) with a mutation in the TP53 gene. Clonogenic survival and cytogenetic changes in terms of micronuclei (MN) formation were determined following irradiation with 25 kV X-rays and 200 kV reference irradiation in the dose range of 1-8 Gy. Except the frequency of MN-containing binucleated cells (BNC) (BNC + MN/BNC) in breast cancer cells yielding an RBE between 0.6 and 0.8, both cell lines displayed dose-dependent variations of RBE values between 1 and 2 for all biological end points (cell survival, (BNC + MN/BNC), MN/BNC, MN/(BNC + MN)) with increased effectiveness of 25 kV irradiation in pancreatic compared to breast cancer cells. The results confirm previous findings indicating increased effectiveness of low-energy X-rays and underline the necessity of careful risk estimation for cancer screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Habelt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Dörr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Hosono N, Chi S, Yamauchi T, Fukushima K, Shibayama H, Katagiri S, Gotoh A, Eguchi M, Morishita T, Ogasawara R, Kondo T, Yanada M, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi T, Kuroda J, Usuki K, Utsu Y, Yoshimitsu M, Ishitsuka K, Ono T, Takahashi N, Iyama S, Kojima K, Nakamura Y, Fukuhara S, Izutsu K, Abutani H, Yamauchi N, Yuda J, Minami Y. Clinical utility of genomic profiling of AML using paraffin-embedded bone marrow clots: HM-SCREEN-Japan 01. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:2098-2108. [PMID: 36793248 PMCID: PMC10154825 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of AML has identified specific genetic mutations in AML patients. Hematologic Malignancies (HM)-SCREEN-Japan 01 is a multicenter study to detect actionable mutations using paraffin-embedded bone marrow (BM) clot specimens rather than BM fluid in AML patients for whom standard treatment has not been established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of potentially therapeutic target gene mutations in patients with newly diagnosed unfit AML and relapsed/refractory AML (R/R-AML) using BM clot specimens. In this study, 188 patients were enrolled and targeted sequencing was undertaken on DNA from 437 genes and RNA from 265 genes. High-quality DNA and RNA were obtained using BM clot specimens, with genetic alterations successfully detected in 177 patients (97.3%), and fusion transcripts in 41 patients (23.2%). The median turnaround time was 13 days. In the detection of fusion genes, not only common fusion products such as RUNX1-RUX1T1 and KMT2A rearrangements, but also NUP98 rearrangements and rare fusion genes were observed. Among 177 patients (72 with unfit AML, 105 with R/R-AML), mutations in KIT and WT1 were independent factors for overall survival (hazard ratio = 12.6 and 8.88, respectively), and patients with high variant allele frequency (≥40%) of TP53 mutations had a poor prognosis. As for the detection of actionable mutations, 38% (n = 69) of patients had useful genetic mutation (FLT3-ITD/TKD, IDH1/2, and DNMT3AR822 ) for treatment selection. Comprehensive genomic profiling using paraffin-embedded BM clot specimens successfully identified leukemic-associated genes that can be used as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hosono
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - SungGi Chi
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fukushima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Katagiri
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gotoh
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Eguchi
- Division of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takanobu Morishita
- Division of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Kondo
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yanada
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Usuki
- Department of Hematology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Utsu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Department of Hematology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Department of Hematology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ono
- Department of Hematology, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iyama
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Department of Hematology, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yukinori Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukuhara
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Izutsu
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiko Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yuda
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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20
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Chahat, Bhatia R, Kumar B. p53 as a potential target for treatment of cancer: A perspective on recent advancements in small molecules with structural insights and SAR studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115020. [PMID: 36543034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the world's biggest hazardous diseases. p53 is the uttermost researched tumour suppressor protein. It is commonly considered the "guardian of the genome," performing a critical function in genetic stability maintenance through controlling the cell cycle, programmed cell death, DNA repair, aging, and angiogenesis. The abnormalities in p53 lead to genetic instability and plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. The role of p53 in tumour suppression is emphasized in addition by the observation that primary silencing with this protein occurred in more than 50% of cancers. MDM2, p53, and the p53-MDM2 connections are well-known targets for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Moreover, in tumors with wild-type p53, their efficacy is decreased due to MDM2 enlargement or by the gradual decrease of MDM2 blocker ARF. As a result, improving p53 activity in cancerous cells provides a promising anticancer strategy. Various techniques are now being investigated, and addressing the p53-MDM2 interaction had also evolved as a potentially feasible strategy for contending with tumors. Both p53 and MDM2, interact via an autoregulation response signal: p53 activity induces MDM2 transcription, which in response interacts with p53's N-terminal transactivation domain, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. This article provides information on the current scenario of anti-tumor activities, with a particular emphasis on structure-activity relationship characteristics (SAR) against the p53-MDM2 to treat cancer. The primary purpose of this review is to cover recent advancements in the creation and testing of anticancer drugs that target the p53-MDM2 structure. This review contains different heterocyclic moieties which show significant results toward cancer. A mechanistic route is shown here, demonstrating both normal and malignant conditions via several stressed factors. Several compounds entered clinical trials as p53-MDM2 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
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21
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The anti-cancer agent APR-246 can activate several programmed cell death processes to kill malignant cells. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1033-1046. [PMID: 36739334 PMCID: PMC10070280 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant TP53 proteins are thought to drive the development and sustained expansion of cancers at least in part through the loss of the wild-type (wt) TP53 tumour suppressive functions. Therefore, compounds that can restore wt TP53 functions in mutant TP53 proteins are expected to inhibit the expansion of tumours expressing mutant TP53. APR-246 has been reported to exert such effects in malignant cells and is currently undergoing clinical trials in several cancer types. However, there is evidence that APR-246 may also kill malignant cells that do not express mutant TP53. To support the clinical development of APR-246 it is important to understand its mechanism(s) of action. By establishing isogenic background tumour cell lines with different TP53/TRP53 states, we found that APR-246 can kill malignant cells irrespective of their TP53/TRP53 status. Accordingly, RNAseq analysis revealed that treatment with APR-246 induces expression of the same gene set in Eμ-Myc mouse lymphoma cells of all four possible TRP53 states, wt, wt alongside mutant, knockout and knockout alongside mutant. We found that depending on the type of cancer cell and the concentration of APR-246 used, this compound can kill malignant cells through induction of various programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. The sensitivity of non-transformed cells to APR-246 also depended on the cell type. These findings reveal that the clinical testing of APR-246 should not be limited to cancers expressing mutant TP53 but expanded to cancers that express wt TP53 or are TP53-deficient.
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22
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Paz MM, Ferretti GDS, Martins-Dinis MMC, Ferreira BIS, Faier-Pereira A, Barnoud T, Moreira OC, Silva JL, Cordeiro Y, Rangel LP. PRIMA-1 inhibits Y220C p53 amyloid aggregation and synergizes with cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1165132. [PMID: 37101558 PMCID: PMC10123287 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1165132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although many therapeutic options are available, several factors, including the presence of p53 mutations, impact tumor development and therapeutic resistance. TP53 is the second most frequently mutated gene in HCC, comprising more than 30% of cases. Mutations in p53 result in the formation of amyloid aggregates that promote tumor progression. The use of PRIMA-1, a small molecule capable of restoring p53, is a therapeutic strategy to pharmacologically target the amyloid state mutant p53. In this study, we characterize an HCC mutant p53 model for the study of p53 amyloid aggregation in HCC cell lines, from in silico analysis of p53 mutants to a 3D-cell culture model and demonstrate the unprecedented inhibition of Y220C mutant p53 aggregation by PRIMA-1. In addition, our data show beneficial effects of PRIMA-1 in several "gain of function" properties of mutant-p53 cancer cells, including migration, adhesion, proliferation, and drug resistance. We also demonstrate that the combination of PRIMA-1 and cisplatin is a promising approach for HCC therapy. Taken together, our data support the premise that targeting the amyloid-state of mutant p53 may be an attractive therapeutic approach for HCC, and highlight PRIMA-1 as a new candidate for combination therapy with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M. Paz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giulia D. S. Ferretti
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mafalda M. C. Martins-Dinis
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz I. S. Ferreira
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Faier-Pereira
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Otacilio C. Moreira
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana P. Rangel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciana P. Rangel,
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Yoshida S, Onozawa M, Miyashita N, Kimura H, Takahashi S, Yokoyama S, Matsukawa T, Hirabayashi S, Mori A, Hidaka D, Minauchi K, Shigematsu A, Hashiguchi J, Igarashi T, Kakinoki Y, Tsutsumi Y, Ibata M, Kobayashi H, Haseyama Y, Fujimoto K, Ishihara T, Sakai H, Ota S, Kondo T, Teshima T. Clinical features of complex karyotype in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2022; 117:544-552. [PMID: 36572814 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Complex karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (CK-AML) has been classified as an adverse-risk subtype. Although a few reports have further classified CK-AML as typical (including monosomy of chromosomes 5, 7 and 17 or deletion of 5q, 7q and/or 17p) or atypical, the clinical features of these subtypes in Japanese patients remain unclear. We retrospectively analyzed a total of 115 patients with CK-AML, including 77 with typical CK-AML and 38 with atypical CK-AML. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with typical CK-AML than atypical CK-AML (143 days vs. 369 days, P = 0.009). Among patients with typical CK-AML, those with monosomy 17 or deletion of 17p had significantly shorter OS than patients without such abnormalities (105 days vs. 165 days, P = 0.033). TP53 mutations were more predominant in patients with typical CK-AML than in patients with atypical CK-AML (69.7% vs. 32.4%, P < 0.001). Patients with typical CK-AML had a poor prognosis regardless of TP53 mutation status. Among patients with atypical CK-AML, however, prognosis was worse for those with the TP53 mutation than those without the mutation. In conclusion, prognosis is extremely poor for both typical CK-AML and atypical CK-AML with TP53 mutation.
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Mutant p53 gain of function mediates cancer immune escape that is counteracted by APR-246. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:2060-2071. [PMID: 36138076 PMCID: PMC9681866 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND p53 mutants contribute to the chronic inflammatory tumour microenvironment (TME). In this study, we address the mechanism of how p53 mutants lead to chronic inflammation in tumours and how to transform it to restore cancer immune surveillance. METHODS Our analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) project revealed that mutant p53 (mtp53) cancers correlated with chronic inflammation. We used cell-based assays and a mouse model to discover a novel gain of function of mtp53 and the effect of the mtp53 reactivating compound APR-246 on the anti-tumour immune response. RESULTS We found that tumour samples from patients with breast carcinoma carrying mtp53 showed elevated Interferon (IFN) signalling, Tumour Inflammation Signature (TIS) score and infiltration of CD8+ T cells compared to wild type p53 (wtp53) tumours. We showed that the expression of IFN and immune checkpoints were elevated in tumour cells in a mtp53-dependent manner, suggesting a novel gain of function. Restoration of wt function to mtp53 by APR-246 induced the expression of endogenous retroviruses, IFN signalling and repressed immune checkpoints. Moreover, APR-246 promoted CD4+ T cells infiltration and IFN signalling and prevented CD8+ T cells exhaustion within the TME in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Breast carcinomas with mtp53 displayed enhanced inflammation. APR-246 boosted the interferon response or represses immune checkpoints in p53 mutant tumour cells, and restores cancer immune surveillance in vivo.
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Barutello G, Di Lorenzo A, Gasparetto A, Galiazzi C, Bolli E, Conti L, Cavallo F. Immunotherapy against the Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter xCT Improves the Efficacy of APR-246 in Preclinical Breast Cancer Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2843. [PMID: 36359363 PMCID: PMC9688020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Despite recent clinical advances, new therapeutic approaches are still required. The cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT, encoded by the SLC7A11 gene, which imports cystine in exchange with glutamate, is a potentially new target for breast cancer therapy, being involved in tumor cell redox balance and resistance to therapies. xCT expression is regulated by the oncosuppressor p53, which is mutated in many breast cancers. Indeed, mutant p53 (mut-p53) can induce xCT post-transcriptional down modulation, rendering mut-p53 tumors susceptible to oxidative damage. Interestingly, the drug APR-246, developed to restore the wild-type function of p53 in tumors harboring its mutation, alters the cell redox balance in a p53-independent way, possibly rendering the cells more sensitive to xCT inhibition. Here, we propose a combinatorial treatment based on xCT immunetargeting and APR-246 treatment as a strategy for tackling breast cancer. We demonstrate that combining the inhibition of xCT with the APR-246 drug significantly decreased breast cancer cell viability in vitro and induced apoptosis and affected cancer stem cells' self-renewal compared to the single treatments. Moreover, the immunetargeting of xCT through DNA vaccination in combination with APR-246 treatment synergistically hinders tumor progression and prevents lung metastasis formation in vivo. These effects can be mediated by the production of anti-xCT antibodies that are able to induce the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity of tumor cells. Overall, we demonstrate that DNA vaccination against xCT can synergize with APR-246 treatment and enhance its therapeutic effect. Thus, APR-246 treatment in combination with xCT immunetargeting may open new perspectives in the management of breast cancer.
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Anticancer Therapeutic Strategies Targeting p53 Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911023. [PMID: 36232329 PMCID: PMC9569952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that is mutated in more than 50% of cancer cases. When mutated, it frequently results in p53 oncogenic gain of function (GOF), resulting in a greater tendency to aggregate in the phase separation and phase transition pathway. GOFs related to p53 aggregation include chemoresistance, which makes therapy even more difficult. The therapies available for the treatment of cancer are still quite limited, so the study of new molecules and therapeutic targets focusing on p53 aggregates is a promising strategy against cancer. In this review, we classify anticancer molecules with antiaggregation properties into four categories: thiol alkylating agents, designed peptides, agents with chaperone-based mechanisms that inhibit p53 aggregation, and miscellaneous compounds with anti-protein aggregation properties that have been studied in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we highlight autophagy as a possible degradation pathway for aggregated p53. Here, considering cancer as a protein aggregation disease, we review strategies that have been used to disrupt p53 aggregates, leading to cancer regression.
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27
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How I Treat TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184519. [PMID: 36139679 PMCID: PMC9496940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are among the myeloid malignancies with the poorest prognosis. In this review, we analyze the prognosis of these two diseases, focussing particularly on the extent of the mono or biallelic mutation status of TP53 mutation, which is largely correlated with cytogenetic complexity. We discuss the possible/potential improvement in outcome based on recent results obtained with new drugs (especially eprenetapopt and magrolimab). We also focus on the impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) including post aHSCT treatment.
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Targeting Mutant p53 for Cancer Treatment: Moving Closer to Clinical Use? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184499. [PMID: 36139658 PMCID: PMC9496879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is largely caused by genetic alterations such as mutations in a group of genes known as cancer driver genes. Many of the key advances in cancer treatment in recent years have involved blocking these driver genes using a new generation of anti-cancer drugs. Although p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers, historically, it has proved difficult to develop drugs against it. However, recently, several new drugs have become available for neutralizing the cancer-promoting effects of mutant p53. The aim of this article is to discuss the most promising of these drugs, especially those that are being investigated in clinical trials. Abstract Mutant p53 is one of the most attractive targets for new anti-cancer drugs. Although traditionally regarded as difficult to drug, several new strategies have recently become available for targeting the mutant protein. One of the most promising of these involves the use of low molecular weight compounds that promote refolding and reactivation of mutant p53 to its wild-type form. Several such reactivating drugs are currently undergoing evaluation in clinical trials, including eprenetapopt (APR-246), COTI-2, arsenic trioxide and PC14586. Of these, the most clinically advanced for targeting mutant p53 is eprenetapopt which has completed phase I, II and III clinical trials, the latter in patients with mutant TP53 myelodysplastic syndrome. Although no data on clinical efficacy are currently available for eprenetapopt, preliminary results suggest that the drug is relatively well tolerated. Other strategies for targeting mutant p53 that have progressed to clinical trials involve the use of drugs promoting degradation of the mutant protein and exploiting the mutant protein for the development of anti-cancer vaccines. With all of these ongoing trials, we should soon know if targeting mutant p53 can be used for cancer treatment. If any of these trials show clinical efficacy, it may be a transformative development for the treatment of patients with cancer since mutant p53 is so prevalent in this disease.
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p53: From Fundamental Biology to Clinical Applications in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091325. [PMID: 36138802 PMCID: PMC9495382 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary p53 tumour suppressor gene is the most altered in cancer. Several decades of research have established that it is of pivotal importance in prompting neoplastic phenomena, including cancer initiation and progression. However, it has crucial functions for cellular life. Knowledge and awareness about these multifaceted properties should be part of the cultural background of all scientists. In this review, we describe and discuss the multifaceted roles of p53, from its discovery to clinical applications in cancer therapy. Abstract p53 tumour suppressor gene is our major barrier against neoplastic transformation. It is involved in many cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, senescence, DNA repair, apoptosis, autophagy, cell metabolism, ferroptosis, immune system regulation, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial function, global regulation of gene expression, miRNAs, etc. Its crucial importance is denounced by the high percentage of amino acid sequence identity between very different species (Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Rattus norvegicus, Danio rerio, Canis lupus familiaris, Gekko japonicus). Many of its activities allowed life on Earth (e.g., repair from radiation-induced DNA damage) and directly contribute to its tumour suppressor function. In this review, we provide paramount information on p53, from its discovery, which is an interesting paradigm of science evolution, to potential clinical applications in anti-cancer treatment. The description of the fundamental biology of p53 is enriched by specific information on the structure and function of the protein as well by tumour/host evolutionistic perspectives of its role.
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30
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Cvrljevic AN, Butt U, Huhtinen K, Grönroos TJ, Böckelman C, Lassus H, Butzow R, Haglund C, Kaipio K, Arsiola T, Laajala TD, Connolly DC, Ristimäki A, Carpen O, Pouwels J, Westermarck J. Ovarian Cancers with Low CIP2A Tumor Expression Constitute an APR-246-Sensitive Disease Subtype. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1236-1245. [PMID: 35364610 PMCID: PMC9256766 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of ovarian cancer patient subpopulations with increased sensitivity to targeted therapies could offer significant clinical benefit. We report that 22% of the high-grade ovarian cancer tumors at diagnosis express CIP2A oncoprotein at low levels. Furthermore, regardless of their significantly lower likelihood of disease relapse after standard chemotherapy, a portion of relapsed tumors retain their CIP2A-deficient phenotype. Through a screen for therapeutics that would preferentially kill CIP2A-deficient ovarian cancer cells, we identified reactive oxygen species inducer APR-246, tested previously in ovarian cancer clinical trials. Consistent with CIP2A-deficient ovarian cancer subtype in humans, CIP2A is dispensable for development of MISIIR-Tag-driven mouse ovarian cancer tumors. Nevertheless, CIP2A-null ovarian cancer tumor cells from MISIIR-Tag mice displayed APR-246 hypersensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the lack of CIP2A expression hypersensitizes the ovarian cancer cells to APR-246 by inhibition of NF-κB activity. Accordingly, combination of APR-246 and NF-κB inhibitor compounds strongly synergized in killing of CIP2A-positive ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, the results warrant consideration of clinical testing of APR-246 for CIP2A-deficient ovarian cancer tumor subtype patients. Results also reveal CIP2A as a candidate APR-246 combination therapy target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Cvrljevic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Umar Butt
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tove J. Grönroos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Camilla Böckelman
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki,HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Arsiola
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu D. Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Denise C. Connolly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki,HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jeroen Pouwels
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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31
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He Y, Xu W, Xiao YT, Huang H, Gu D, Ren S. Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:198. [PMID: 35750683 PMCID: PMC9232569 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve. Recently, various new classes of agents, which include next-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide), bone-targeting agents (radium-223 chloride, zoledronic acid), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) have been developed to treat PCa. Agents targeting other signaling pathways, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, Ak strain transforming (AKT), wingless-type protein (WNT), and epigenetic marks, have successively entered clinical trials. Furthermore, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents such as 177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefits in PCa, whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair (MMR) or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment. In this review, we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms, and further discussed their limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Target-Based Small Molecule Drug Discovery for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Molecular Pathways and In Silico Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070878. [PMID: 35883434 PMCID: PMC9312989 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types. Although there have been breakthroughs in its treatments, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and genetic involvement in colorectal cancer will have a substantial role in producing novel and targeted treatments with better safety profiles. In this review, the main molecular pathways and driver genes that are responsible for initiating and propagating the cascade of signaling molecules reaching carcinoma and the aggressive metastatic stages of colorectal cancer were presented. Protein kinases involved in colorectal cancer, as much as other cancers, have seen much focus and committed efforts due to their crucial role in subsidizing, inhibiting, or changing the disease course. Moreover, notable improvements in colorectal cancer treatments with in silico studies and the enhanced selectivity on specific macromolecular targets were discussed. Besides, the selective multi-target agents have been made easier by employing in silico methods in molecular de novo synthesis or target identification and drug repurposing.
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33
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Advanced Strategies for Therapeutic Targeting of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040548. [PMID: 35454137 PMCID: PMC9029346 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activated by stressful stimuli; it upregulates target genes involved in growth suppression, cell death, DNA repair, metabolism, among others. TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in tumors, with mutations not only leading to loss-of-function (LOF), but also gain-of-function (GOF) that promotes tumor progression, and metastasis. The tumor-specific status of mutant p53 protein has suggested it is a promising target for cancer therapy. We summarize the current progress of targeting wild-type and mutant p53 for cancer therapy through biotherapeutic and biopharmaceutical methods for (1) boosting p53 activity in cancer, (2) p53-dependent and p53-independent strategies for targeting p53 pathway functional restoration in p53-mutated cancer, (3) targeting p53 in immunotherapy, and (4) combination therapies targeting p53, p53 checkpoints, or mutant p53 for cancer therapy.
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34
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Amirtharaj F, Venkatesh GH, Wojtas B, Nawafleh HH, Mahmood AS, Nizami ZN, Khan MS, Thiery J, Chouaib S. p53 reactivating small molecule PRIMA‑1 MET/APR‑246 regulates genomic instability in MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:85. [PMID: 35234267 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological reactivation of tumor‑suppressor protein p53 has acted as a promising strategy for more than 50% of human cancers that carry a non‑functional mutant p53 (mutp53). p53 plays a critical role in preserving genomic integrity and DNA fidelity through numerous biological processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. By contrast, non‑functional mutp53 compromises the aforementioned genome stabilizing mechanisms through gain of function, thereby increasing genomic instability in human cancers. Restoring the functional activity of p53 using both genetic and pharmacological approaches has gained prominence in targeting p53‑mutated tumors. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the reactivation of p53 in DNA repair mechanisms and the maintenance of genomic stability using PRIMA‑1MET/APR‑246 small molecules, in both MDA‑MB‑231 and MCF‑7 breast cancer cell lines, which carry mutp53 and wild‑type p53, respectively. Results of the present study revealed that reactivation of p53 through APR‑246 led to an increase in the functional activity of DNA repair. Prolonged treatment of MDA‑MB‑231 cells with APR‑246 in the presence of cisplatin led to a reduction in mutational accumulation, compared with cells treated with cisplatin alone. These findings demonstrated that APR‑246 may act as a promising small molecule to control the genomic instability in p53‑mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Amirtharaj
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Goutham Hassan Venkatesh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, 02‑093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hussam Hussein Nawafleh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayda Shah Mahmood
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Samar Khan
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris‑Saclay, F‑94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
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Abrams SL, Duda P, Akula SM, Steelman LS, Follo ML, Cocco L, Ratti S, Martelli AM, Montalto G, Emma MR, Cervello M, Rakus D, Gizak A, McCubrey JA. Effects of the Mutant TP53 Reactivator APR-246 on Therapeutic Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells in the Presence and Absence of WT-TP53. Cells 2022; 11:794. [PMID: 35269416 PMCID: PMC8909756 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is mutated in ~75% of pancreatic cancers. The mutant TP53 protein in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Attempts have been made to develop molecules that restore at least some of the properties of wild-type (WT) TP53. APR-246 is one such molecule, and it is referred to as a mutant TP53 reactivator. To understand the potential of APR-246 to sensitize PDAC cells to chemotherapy, we introduced a vector encoding WT-TP53 into two PDAC cell lines, one lacking the expression of TP53 (PANC-28) and one with a gain-of-function (GOF) mutant TP53 (MIA-PaCa-2). APR-246 increased drug sensitivity in the cells containing either a WT or mutant TP53 protein with GOF activity, but not in cells that lacked TP53. The introduction of WT-T53 into PANC-28 cells increased their sensitivity to the TP53 reactivator, chemotherapeutic drugs, and signal transduction inhibitors. The addition of WT-TP53 to PDAC cells with GOF TP53 also increased their sensitivity to the drugs and therapeutics, indicating that APR-246 could function in cells with WT-TP53 and GOF TP53. These results highlight the importance of knowledge of the type of TP53 mutation that is present in cancer patients before the administration of drugs which function through the reactivation of TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (P.D.); (D.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Matilde L. Follo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Rita Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (P.D.); (D.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (P.D.); (D.R.); (A.G.)
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
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McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Cocco L, Ratti S, Martelli AM, Lombardi P, Gizak A, Duda P. APR-246—The Mutant TP53 Reactivator—Increases the Effectiveness of Berberine and Modified Berberines to Inhibit the Proliferation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020276. [PMID: 35204775 PMCID: PMC8961609 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer. In ~75% of PDAC, the tumor suppressor TP53 gene is mutated. Novel approaches to treat cancer involve compounds called mutant TP53 reactivators. They interact with mutant TP53 proteins and restore some of their growth suppressive properties, but they may also interact with other proteins, e.g., TP63 and TP73. We examined the ability of the TP53 reactivator APR-246 to interact with eleven modified berberine compounds (NAX compounds) in the presence and absence of WT-TP53 in two PDAC cell lines: the MIA-PaCa-2, which has gain of function (GOF) TP53 mutations on both alleles, and PANC-28, which lacks expression of the WT TP53 protein. Our results indicate the TP53 reactivator-induced increase in therapeutic potential of many modified berberines.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Andrew McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (L.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Naxospharma, Via Giuseppe Di Vittorio 70, 20026 Novate Milanese, Italy;
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (P.D.)
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Birsen R, Larrue C, Decroocq J, Johnson N, Guiraud N, Gotanegre M, Cantero-Aguilar L, Grignano E, Huynh T, Fontenay M, Kosmider O, Mayeux P, Chapuis N, Sarry JE, Tamburini J, Bouscary D. APR-246 induces early cell death by ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2022; 107:403-416. [PMID: 33406814 PMCID: PMC8804578 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.259531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
APR-246 is a promising new therapeutic agent that targets p53 mutated proteins in myelodysplastic syndromes and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). APR-246 reactivates the transcriptional activity of p53 mutants by facilitating their binding to DNA target sites. Recent studies in solid cancers have found that APR-246 can also induce p53-independent cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that AML cell death occurring early after APR-246 exposure is suppressed by iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants and inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, and correlates with the accumulation of markers of lipid peroxidation, thus fulfilling the definition of ferroptosis, a recently described cell death process. The capacity of AML cells to detoxify lipid peroxides by increasing their cystine uptake to maintain major antioxidant molecule glutathione biosynthesis after exposure to APR-246 may be a key determinant of sensitivity to this compound. The association of APR-246 with induction of ferroptosis (either by pharmacological compounds, or genetic inactivation of SLC7A11 or GPX4) had a synergistic effect on the promotion of cell death, both in vivo and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Birsen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris.
| | - Clement Larrue
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Justine Decroocq
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Natacha Johnson
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Nathan Guiraud
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse
| | - Mathilde Gotanegre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse
| | | | - Eric Grignano
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Tony Huynh
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Patrick Mayeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Jean Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse
| | - Jerome Tamburini
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Didier Bouscary
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris.
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Berke TP, Slight SH, Hyder SM. Role of Reactivating Mutant p53 Protein in Suppressing Growth and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:23-30. [PMID: 35035222 PMCID: PMC8754468 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s342292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 protein (p53) plays a vital role throughout the body to conserve DNA stability and prevent cancer. Normally, wild-type p53 protein (wtp53) is either degraded or bound to a negative regulator and is inactive. When damage to DNA occurs within a cell, p53 protein is induced and causes cell cycle arrest. This gives cells a chance to repair, but if damage is too severe, cells undergo apoptosis and are rejected. Mutations in the p53 gene (mtp53) are associated with a variety of cancers and occur in 70-80% of cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Importantly, many mutations occur in the DNA binding domain of p53 gene and the altered mutant p53 protein (mtp53) is subsequently not degraded. High levels of mtp53 protein accumulate within the cell, leading to the development of tumors. Therefore, converting mtp53 protein back into its functional wild-type conformation is a promising means by which to prevent or reverse tumor development. Herein we will briefly examine how tumor suppressor wtp53 exerts its effects, the mechanisms involved in protecting cells that undergo DNA damage and ways in which wtp53 prevents tumorigenesis. Using TNBC as an example, we will describe the use of specific compounds to reactivate mtp53 protein function by reconfiguring its structure and outline the potential benefits of mtp53 protein reactivation. We will also briefly discuss current clinical trials aimed at reactivating mtp53 protein in order to cure certain cancers. Finally, we make the recommendation that greater emphasis should be placed on testing naturally occurring compounds that are generally non-toxic to re-activate mtp53 protein and control progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor P Berke
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Simon H Slight
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Salman M Hyder
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Structural basis of reactivation of oncogenic p53 mutants by a small molecule: methylene quinuclidinone (MQ). Nat Commun 2021; 12:7057. [PMID: 34862374 PMCID: PMC8642532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, the tumor suppressor p53 acts as a transcription factor by regulating the expression of genes critical for cancer prevention. Mutations in the gene encoding p53 are associated with cancer development. PRIMA-1 and eprenetapopt (APR-246/PRIMA-1MET) are small molecules that are converted into the biologically active compound, methylene quinuclidinone (MQ), shown to reactivate mutant p53 by binding covalently to cysteine residues. Here, we investigate the structural basis of mutant p53 reactivation by MQ based on a series of high-resolution crystal structures of cancer-related and wild-type p53 core domains bound to MQ in their free state and in complexes with their DNA response elements. Our data demonstrate that MQ binds to several cysteine residues located at the surface of the core domain. The structures reveal a large diversity in MQ interaction modes that stabilize p53 and its complexes with DNA, leading to a common global effect that is pertinent to the restoration of non-functional p53 proteins. The tumor suppressor p53 is mutated in more than half of human cancers and the compound methylene quinuclidinone (MQ) was shown to reactivate p53 mutants by binding covalently to cysteine residues. Here, the authors present crystal structures of wild-type and cancer related p53 mutant core domains bound to MQ alone and in complex with their DNA response elements and observe that MQ is bound to several cysteine residues located at the surface of the core domain.
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40
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Valashedi MR, Nikoo A, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Roushandeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Pharmacological Targeting of Ferroptosis in Cancer Treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:108-125. [PMID: 34856903 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666211202091523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic mode of Regulated Cell Death (RCD) driven by excessive accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides and iron overload. Ferroptosis could be triggered by inhibiting the antioxidant defense system and accumulating iron-dependent Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that react with polyunsaturated fatty acids in abundance. Emerging evidence over the past few years has revealed that ferroptosis is of great potential in inhibiting growth and metastasis and overcoming tumor cell resistance. Thus, targeting this form of cell death could be perceived as a potentially burgeoning approach in cancer treatment. This review briefly presents the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and further aims to discuss various types of existing drugs and natural compounds that could be potentially repurposed for targeting ferroptosis in tumor cells. This, in turn, will provide critical perspectives on future studies concerning ferroptosis-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rabiee Valashedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht. Iran
| | - Amirsadegh Nikoo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht. Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima. Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima. Iran
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima. Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima. Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima. Iran
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Zhang G, Tang C, Pan L, Lü J. Low-frequency collective motion of DNA-binding domain defines p53 function. Proteins 2021; 90:881-888. [PMID: 34792219 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Most mutations in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of p53 inactivate or rescue the protein function interacting with the minor groove of DNA. However, how the conformation changes propagating from the mutation sites result in distinct molecular recognition is still not well understood. As the protein mobility is an intrinsic property encrypted in its primary structure, we examined if different structures of wild-type and mutant p53 core domains display any unique patterns of intrinsic mobility. Normal mode calculation was employed to characterize the collective dynamics of DBD in p53 monomer and tetramer as well as their mutants. Intriguingly, the low-frequency collective motions of DBD show similar patterns between the wild-type protein and the rescued mutants. The analysis on atomic backbone fluctuations and low-frequency vibration mode statistics does further support the correlation between the intrinsic collective motion of DBD and the p53 protein function. The mutations in the DBD influence the low-frequency vibration of the p53 tetramer via the change of the collective motions among its four monomers. These findings thus provide new insights for understanding the physical mechanism of p53 protein structure-function relationship and help find the small molecule drug to modulate protein dynamic for disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lexin Pan
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Lü
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Récher C. The beginning of a new therapeutic era in acute myeloid leukemia. EJHAEM 2021; 2:823-833. [PMID: 35845213 PMCID: PMC9175720 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the field of AML, the early 2000s were shaped by the advent of novel molecular biology technologies including high-throughput sequencing that improved prognostic classification, response evaluation through the quantification of minimal residual disease, and the launch of research on targeted therapies. Our knowledge of leukemogenesis, AML genetic diversity, gene-gene interactions, clonal evolution, and treatment response assessment has also greatly improved. New classifications based on chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations are now integrated on a routine basis. These considerable efforts contributed to the discovery and development of promising drugs which specifically target gene mutations, apoptotic pathways and cell surface antigens as well as reformulate classical cytotoxic agents. In less than 2 years, nine novels drugs have been approved for the treatment of AML patients, and many others are being intensively investigated, in particular immune therapies. There are now numerous clinical research opportunities offered to clinicians, thanks to these new treatment options. We are only at the start of a new era which should see major disruptions in the way we understand, treat, and monitor patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Récher
- Service d'HématologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseInstitut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse OncopoleUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierCentre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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Kobayashi T, Makino T, Yamashita K, Saito T, Tanaka K, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Morii E, Eguchi H, Doki Y. APR-246 induces apoptosis and enhances chemo-sensitivity via activation of ROS and TAp73-Noxa signal in oesophageal squamous cell cancer with TP53 missense mutation. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1523-1532. [PMID: 34599296 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in p53, identified in 90% of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), are associated with unfavourable prognosis and chemo-resistance. APR-246 induces apoptosis by restoring transcriptional ability of mutant p53, and may be a promising therapeutic agent to overcome chemo-resistance in ESCC. METHODS In ESCC cell lines differing in p53 status, we performed in vitro cell viability and apoptosis assays, evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and assessed signal changes by western blot after APR-246 administration with/without chemo-agent. Antitumour effects and signal changes were evaluated in in vivo experiments using xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. RESULTS APR-246 administration induced significant apoptosis by upregulating p73 and Noxa via ROS induction in ESCC cell lines harbouring p53 missense mutations. Moreover, APR-246 plus chemotherapy exerted combined antitumour effects in ESCC with p53 missense mutations. This effect was also mediated through enhanced ROS activity, leading to massive apoptosis via upregulation of p73 and Noxa. These findings were confirmed by xenograft and PDX models with p53 mutant ESCC. CONCLUSION APR-246 strongly induced apoptosis by inducing ROS activity and p73-Noxa signalling, specifically in ESCC with p53 missense mutation. This antitumour effect was further enhanced by combination with 5-FU, which we first confirmed in ESCC preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Cluzeau T, Loschi M, Fenaux P, Komrokji R, Sallman DA. Personalized Medicine for TP53 Mutated Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810105. [PMID: 34576266 PMCID: PMC8471083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting TP53 mutated myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia remains a significant unmet need. Recently, new drugs have attempted to improve the outcomes of this poor molecular subgroup. The aim of this article is to review all the current knowledge using active agents including hypomethylating agents with venetoclax, eprenetapopt or magrolimab. We include comprehensive analysis of clinical trials to date evaluating these drugs in TP53 myeloid neoplasms as well as discuss future novel combinations for consideration. Additionally, further understanding of the unique clinicopathologic components of TP53 mutant myeloid neoplasms versus wild-type is critical to guide future study. Importantly, the clinical trajectory of patients is uniquely tied with the clonal burden of TP53, which enables serial TP53 variant allele frequency analysis to be a critical early biomarker in investigational studies. Together, significant optimism is now possible for improving outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cluzeau
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Nice, Cote d’Azur University, 06200 Nice, France;
- INSERM U1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, Cote d’Azur University, 06200 Nice, France
- French Group of Myelodysplasia, 75010 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-492-035-841; Fax: +33-492-035-895
| | - Michael Loschi
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Nice, Cote d’Azur University, 06200 Nice, France;
- INSERM U1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, Cote d’Azur University, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- French Group of Myelodysplasia, 75010 Paris, France;
- Senior Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris 7 University, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Rami Komrokji
- Moffit Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.K.); (D.A.S.)
| | - David A. Sallman
- Moffit Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.K.); (D.A.S.)
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Smith-Díaz CC, Magon NJ, McKenzie JL, Hampton MB, Vissers MCM, Das AB. Ascorbate Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Myeloid Differentiation in TP53-Mutant Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:709543. [PMID: 34497762 PMCID: PMC8419345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.709543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the DNA demethylase TET2 are associated with the dysregulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and arise in approximately 10% of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). TET2 mutations coexist with other mutations in AML, including TP53 mutations, which can indicate a particularly poor prognosis. Ascorbate can function as an epigenetic therapeutic in pathological contexts involving heterozygous TET2 mutations by restoring TET2 activity. How this response is affected when myeloid leukemia cells harbor mutations in both TET2 and TP53 is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of ascorbate on the SKM-1 AML cell line that has mutated TET2 and TP53. Sustained treatment with ascorbate inhibited proliferation and promoted the differentiation of these cells. Furthermore, ascorbate treatment significantly increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, suggesting increased TET activity as the likely mechanism. We also investigated whether ascorbate affected the cytotoxicity of Prima-1Met, a drug that reactivates some p53 mutants and is currently in clinical trials for AML. We found that the addition of ascorbate had a minimal effect on Prima-1Met–induced cytotoxicity, with small increases or decreases in cytotoxicity being observed depending on the timing of treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that ascorbate could exert a beneficial anti-proliferative effect on AML cells harboring both TET2 and TP53 mutations whilst not interfering with targeted cytotoxic therapies such as Prima-1Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos C Smith-Díaz
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Judith L McKenzie
- Haematology Research Group, Christchurch Hospital and Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Volpe VO, Garcia-Manero G, Komrokji RS. Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A New Decade. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 22:1-16. [PMID: 34544674 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders. The 2020 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data demonstrates the incidence rate of MDS increases with age especially in those greater than 70 years of age. Risk stratification that impact prognosis, survival, and rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation in MDS is largely dependent on revised International Prognostic Scoring System along with molecular genetic testing as a supplement. Low risk MDS typically have a more indolent disease course in which treatment is only initiated to ameliorate symptoms of cytopenias. In many, anemia is the most common cytopenia requiring treatment and erythroid stimulating agents, are considered first line. In contrast, high risk MDS tend to behave more aggressively for which treatment should be initiated rapidly with Hypomethylating Agents (HMA) being in the frontline. In those with high risk MDS and eligible, evaluation for allogeneic stem cell transplant should be considered as this is the only potential curative option for MDS. With the use of molecular genetic testing, a personalized approach to therapy in MDS has ensued. As the treatment landscape in MDS continues to flourish with novel targeted agents, we ambitiously seek to improve survival rates especially among the relapsed/refractory and transplant ineligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia O Volpe
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Rami S Komrokji
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
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CX-5461 Enhances the Efficacy of APR-246 via Induction of DNA Damage and Replication Stress in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115782. [PMID: 34071360 PMCID: PMC8198831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacking targeted therapy. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of APR-246, a P53 activator, and CX-5461, a RNA polymerase I inhibitor, in the treatment of TNBC cells. We tested the efficacy of individual and combination therapy of CX-5461 and APR-246 in vitro, using a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Using publicly available breast cancer datasets, we found that components of RNA Pol I are predominately upregulated in basal-like breast cancer, compared to other subtypes, and this upregulation is associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival. Notably, we found that the treatment of breast cancer cells lines with CX-5461 significantly hampered cell proliferation and synergistically enhanced the efficacy of APR-246. The combination treatment significantly induced apoptosis that is associated with cleaved PARP and Caspase 3 along with Annexin V positivity. Likewise, we also found that combination treatment significantly induced DNA damage and replication stress in these cells. Our data provide a novel combination strategy by utilizing APR-246 in combination CX-5461 in killing TNBC cells that can be further developed into more effective therapy in TNBC therapeutic armamentarium.
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Caruntu A, Scheau C, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Caruntu C, Tanase C. Complex Interaction Among Immune, Inflammatory, and Carcinogenic Mechanisms in the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1335:11-35. [PMID: 33650087 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is deeply involved in the development of most types of cancer. Many studies focus on the interaction between immune-inflammatory mechanisms and tumorigenesis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this chapter, we emphasize the complexity of processes underlying this interaction and discuss the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in HNSCC with a special focus on metabolic changes, inflammation, and the immune landscape. Unveiling complex connections between immuno-inflammatory processes and tumor initiation, promotion, and progression will open new directions in the reliable identification of predictive factors and therapeutic targets in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, "Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Dermatology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, "Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Nguyen HM, Guz-Montgomery K, Lowe DB, Saha D. Pathogenetic Features and Current Management of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040856. [PMID: 33670551 PMCID: PMC7922739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor with a devastatingly poor prognosis. The disease does not discriminate, affecting adults and children of both sexes, and has an average overall survival of 12-15 months, despite advances in diagnosis and rigorous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. In addition, most survivors will eventually experience tumor recurrence that only imparts survival of a few months. GBM is highly heterogenous, invasive, vascularized, and almost always inaccessible for treatment. Based on all these outstanding obstacles, there have been tremendous efforts to develop alternative treatment options that allow for more efficient targeting of the tumor including small molecule drugs and immunotherapies. A number of other strategies in development include therapies based on nanoparticles, light, extracellular vesicles, and micro-RNA, and vessel co-option. Advances in these potential approaches shed a promising outlook on the future of GBM treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of adult GBM's pathogenetic features that promote treatment resistance. We also outline novel and promising targeted agents currently under development for GBM patients during the last few years with their current clinical status.
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Overexpression of hsa_circ_0002874 promotes resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to paclitaxel by modulating miR-1273f/MDM2/p53 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5986-6009. [PMID: 33612481 PMCID: PMC7950269 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0002874 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elucidate associated molecular mechanisms that influence apoptosis and induce paclitaxel (PTX) resistance. Methods: Inhibitors were used to downregulate circRNA or miRNA expression. pCDNA plasmid transfection and mimics were used to upregulate circRNA or miRNA expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to evaluate interactions between miR1273f and MDM2. Xenograft tumor models were used to assess the effect of hsa_circ_0002874 and miR1273f on tumor growth. NSCLC tissues and matched non-cancerous tissues were also collected for correlation analysis. Results: hsa_circ_0002874 acts as a sponge for miR1273f which targets MDM2/P53. The stability of the hsa_circ_0002874/miR1273f/MDM2/P53 pathway was verified by upregulating and downregulating the expression of hsa_circ_0002874 and miR1273f. hsa_circ_0002874 downregulation or miR1273f upregulation reversed the resistance of the A549/Taxol cells in xenograft models. The expression of hsa_circ_0002874 was high, and the level of MDM2 was low in NSCLC tissues. P53 was only weakly expressed in NSCLC tissues with high expression of MDM2. Conclusions: hsa_circ_0002874 is strongly expressed in NSCLC tissues and maybe a potential marker for PTX resistance. hsa_circ_0002874 downregulation could regulate miR1273f/MDM2/P53 signaling pathway to reverse the PTX resistance of NSCLC and induce apoptosis in vitro and vivo.
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