1
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Durfy CS, Zurakowski JA, Drover MW. A Blueprint for Secondary Coordination Sphere Editing: Approaches Toward Lewis-Acid Assisted Carbon Dioxide Co-Activation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400039. [PMID: 38358843 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a potent greenhouse gas of environmental concern. Seeking to offer a solution to the "CO2-problem", the chemistry community has turned a focus toward transition metal complexes which can activate, reduce, and convert CO2 into carbon-based products. The design of such systems involves judicious selection of both metal and accompanying donor ligand; in part, these efforts are motivated by biological metalloenzymes that undertake similar transformations. As a design element, metal-ligand cooperativity, which leverages intramolecular interactions between a transition metal and an adjacent secondary ligand site, has been acknowledged as a vitally important component by the CO2 activation community. These systems offer a "push-pull" style of activation where electron density is chaperoned onto CO2 with an accompanying electrophile, such as a Lewis-acid, playing the role of acceptor. This pairing allows for the stabilization of reactive CxHyOz-containing intermediates and can bias CO2 product selectivity. In the laboratory, chemists can test hypotheses and ideas, enabling rationalization of why a given pairing of transition metal/Lewis-acid leads to selective CO2 reduction outcomes. This Concept identifies literature examples and highlights key design properties, allowing interested contributors to design, create, and implement novel systems for productive transformations of a small molecule (CO2) with huge potential impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S Durfy
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Joseph A Zurakowski
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
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2
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Petkova ZS, Rusew RI, Shivachev BL, Kurteva VB. Functionalization of 2-Mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole: 2-(ω-Haloalkylthio) Thiadiazoles vs. Symmetrical Bis-Thiadiazoles. Molecules 2024; 29:1938. [PMID: 38731428 PMCID: PMC11085375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A study on the functionalisation of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole has been conducted, yielding two series of products: 2-(ω-haloalkylthio)thiadiazoles and symmetrical bis-thiadiazoles, with variable chain lengths. The experimental conditions were optimised for each class of compounds by altering the base used and the reagents' proportions, leading to the development of separate protocols tailored to their specific reactivity and purification needs. The target halogenide reagents and bis-thiadiazole ligands were obtained either as single products or as mixtures easily separable by chromatography. Characterisation of the products was performed using 1D and 2D NMR spectra in solution, complemented by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) for selected samples, to elucidate their structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanina S. Petkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rusi I. Rusew
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography “Acad. Ivan Kostov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Boris L. Shivachev
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography “Acad. Ivan Kostov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vanya B. Kurteva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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3
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Zhang L, Christie FA, Tarcza AE, Lancaster HG, Taylor LJ, Bühl M, Malkina OL, Woollins JD, Carpenter-Warren CL, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Chalmers BA, Kilian P. Phosphine and Selenoether peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes and Their Transition-Metal Complexes: Structural and NMR Investigations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16084-16100. [PMID: 37722079 PMCID: PMC10548420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of peri-substituted acenaphthene-based phosphine selenoether bidentate ligands Acenap(iPr2P)(SeAr) (L1-L4, Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl, Ar = Ph, mesityl, 2,4,6-trisopropylphenyl and supermesityl) were prepared. The rigid acenaphthene framework induces a forced overlap of the phosphine and selenoether lone pairs, resulting in a large magnitude of through-space 4JPSe coupling, ranging from 452 to 545 Hz. These rigid ligands L1-L4 were used to prepare a series of selected late d-block metals, mercury, and borane complexes, which were characterized, including by multinuclear NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Lewis acidic motifs (BH3, Mo(CO)4, Ag+, PdCl2, PtCl2, and HgCl2) bridge the two donor atoms (P and Se) in all but one case in the solid-state structures. Where the bridging motif contained NMR-active nuclei (11B, 107Ag, 109Ag, 195Pt, and 199Hg), JPM and JSeM couplings are observed directly, in addition to the altered JPSe in the respective NMR spectra. The solution NMR data are correlated with single-crystal diffraction data, and in the case of mercury(II) complexes, they are also correlated with the solid-state NMR data and coupling deformation density calculations. The latter indicate that the through-space interaction dominates in free L1, while in the L1HgCl2 complex, the main coupling pathway is via the metal atom and not through the carbon framework of the acenaphthene ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutao Zhang
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
- Institute
of Wolfberry Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Francesca A. Christie
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Anna E. Tarcza
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Helena G. Lancaster
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Olga L. Malkina
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84 536, Slovakia
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Brian A. Chalmers
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
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4
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Fierro F, Lamparelli DH, Genga A, Cucciniello R, Capacchione C. I-LDH as a heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of CO2 into cyclic organic carbonates. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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5
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3-Methyl-1-phenyl-4-thioacetylpyrazol-5-one. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel compound 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-thioacetylpyrazol-5-one is obtained in excellent yield via a thionation of the corresponding oxygen analogue. The product is isolated in pure form using column chromatography and is characterised using 1D and 2D NMR experiments, ATR IR and HRMS spectra, and single-crystal XRD.
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Capacchione C, Grisi F, Lamberti M, Mazzeo M, Milani B, Milione S, Pappalardo D, Zuccaccia C, Pellecchia C. Metal Catalyzed Polymerization: From Stereoregular Poly(α‐olefins) to Tailor‐Made Biodegradable/Biorenewable Polymers and Copolymers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Barbara Milani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Stefano Milione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Università del Sannio Via de Sanctis snc 82100 Benevento Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06132 Perugia Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
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7
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Contento I, Lamparelli DH, Buonerba A, Grassi A, Capacchione C. New dinuclear chromium complexes supported by thioether-triphenolate ligands as active catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Xie J, Chen F, Li M, Liu N. [ONSN]-type chromium complexes catalyzed coupling of CO2 with epoxides. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Della Monica F, Capacchione C. Recent Advancements in Metal‐Catalysts Design for CO2/Epoxide Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria: Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita ITALY
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli" via Giovanni Paolo II 84081 Fisciano SA ITALY
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10
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Niknam F, Capaccio V, Kleybolte M, Lamparelli DH, Winnacker M, Fiorani G, Capacchione C. [OSSO]-Type Chromium(III) Complexes for the Reaction of CO 2 with Epoxides. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200038. [PMID: 35471596 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, four new mononuclear Cr(III) complexes (2-5) bearing bis-thioether-diphenolate, [OSSO]-type ligands, were synthesized and characterized. These complexes in combination with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride (PPNCl) promoted the coupling of CO2 with epoxides. Depending on the type of substrate and the conditions, the reaction results in the selective formation of either polycarbonate or cyclic carbonate. For example, the reactions in the presence of complex 2 led to the exclusive formation of poly(cyclohexene carbonate, PCHC) from cyclohexene oxide (CHO) (TOF up to 39 h-1 , at T=45-100 °C, time=24 h, pCO2 =20 bar, epoxide/2 (mol/mol)=1000, and PPNCl/2=0.5-2.0 mol %). Under the same conditions and PPNCl/2=0.5-5.0 mol %, the reactions of CO2 with styrene oxide (SO), epichlorohydrin (ECH), 1,2 epoxydodecane (EDD), and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) have shown selective conversion to the corresponding cyclic carbonates (TOF up to 41 h-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Niknam
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n°132, 84184, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari (BA), Italy
| | - Vito Capaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n°132, 84184, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari (BA), Italy
| | - Magdalena Kleybolte
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching bei München, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - David H Lamparelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n°132, 84184, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari (BA), Italy
| | - Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching bei München, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Giulia Fiorani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia (VE), Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n°132, 84184, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari (BA), Italy
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11
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Gonzalez AC, Felgueiras AP, Aroso RT, Carrilho RM, Pereira MM. Al(III) phthalocyanine catalysts for CO2 addition to epoxides: Fine-tunable selectivity for cyclic carbonates versus polycarbonates. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Abstract
The synthesis of polymeric materials starting from CO2 as a feedstock is an active task of research. In particular, the copolymerization of CO2 with epoxides via ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) offers a simple, efficient route to synthesize aliphatic polycarbonates (APC). In many cases, APC display poor physical and chemical properties, limiting their range of application. The terpolymerization of CO2 with epoxides and organic anhydrides or cyclic esters offers the possibility, combining the ROCOP with ring-opening polymerization (ROP), to access a wide range of materials containing polycarbonate and polyester segments along the polymer chain, showing enhanced properties with respect to the simple APC. This review will cover the last advancements in the field, evidencing the crucial role of the catalytic system in determining the microstructural features of the final polymer.
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13
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Paradiso V, Capaccio V, Lamparelli DH, Capacchione C. [OSSO]-bisphenolate metal complexes: A powerful and versatile tool in polymerization catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Paradiso V, Della Monica F, Lamparelli DH, D'Aniello S, Rieger B, Capacchione C. Dinuclear [OSSO]-Fe complexes for the reaction of CO 2 with epoxides. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of new dinuclear iron complexes for the coupling of CO2 with epoxides. A bimetallic cooperative reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of kinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis
| | - Francesco Della Monica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - David Hermann Lamparelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis
| | - Sara D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung (CRC)
- Technische Universitat München
- 85747 Garching
- Germany
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis
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15
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Sobrino S, Navarro M, Fernández-Baeza J, Sánchez-Barba LF, Lara-Sánchez A, Garcés A, Castro-Osma JA, Rodríguez AM. Efficient Production of Poly(Cyclohexene Carbonate) via ROCOP of Cyclohexene Oxide and CO 2 Mediated by NNO-Scorpionate Zinc Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092148. [PMID: 32967153 PMCID: PMC7569798 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New mono- and dinuclear chiral alkoxide/thioalkoxide NNO-scorpinate zinc complexes were easily synthesized in very high yields, and characterized by spectroscopic methods. X-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously confirmed the different nuclearity of the new complexes as well as the variety of coordination modes of the scorpionate ligands. Scorpionate zinc complexes 2, 4 and 6 were assessed as catalysts for polycarbonate production from epoxide and carbon dioxide with no need for a co-catalyst or activator under mild conditions. Interestingly, at 70 °C, 10 bar of CO2 pressure and 1 mol % of loading, the dinuclear thioaryloxide [Zn(bpzaepe)2{Zn(SAr)2}] (4) behaves as an efficient and selective one-component initiator for the synthesis of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) via ring-opening copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2, affording polycarbonate materials with narrow dispersity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sobrino
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Marta Navarro
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Juan Fernández-Baeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Luis F. Sánchez-Barba
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-488-8504
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Andrés Garcés
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (A.G.)
| | - José A. Castro-Osma
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
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