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Al-Hilfi S, Jiang X, Heuer J, Akula S, Tammeveski K, Hu G, Yang J, Wang HI, Bonn M, Landfester K, Müllen K, Zhou Y. Single-Atom Catalysts through Pressure-Controlled Metal Diffusion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19886-19895. [PMID: 38990188 PMCID: PMC11273616 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) open up new possibilities for advanced technologies. However, a major complication in preparing high-density single-atom sites is the aggregation of single atoms into clusters. This complication stems from the delicate balance between the diffusion and stabilization of metal atoms during pyrolysis. Here, we present pressure-controlled metal diffusion as a new concept for fabricating ultra-high-density SACs. Reducing the pressure inhibits aggregation substantially, resulting in almost three times higher single-atom loadings than those obtained at ambient pressure. Molecular dynamics and computational fluid dynamics simulations reveal the role of a metal hopping mechanism, maximizing the metal atom distribution through an increased probability of metal-ligand binding. The investigation of the active site density by electrocatalytic oxygen reduction validates the robustness of our approach. The first realization of Ullmann-type carbon-oxygen couplings catalyzed on single Cu sites demonstrates further options for efficient heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir
H. Al-Hilfi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xikai Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute
of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Julian Heuer
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Srinu Akula
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Tammeveski
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and
Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai. I. Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yazhou Zhou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Aghajani M, Dabiri M. Ultrasound-assisted Cu(II) Strecker-functionalized organocatalyst for green azide-alkyne cycloaddition and Ullmann reactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12141. [PMID: 38802456 PMCID: PMC11130308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A new aminonitrile-functionalized Fe3O4 has been synthesized via the Strecker reaction, the designed aminonitrile ligand on the surface of the magnetic core coordinated to copper(II) to obtain the final new catalyst. The fabricated nanocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The high tendency of nitrogens in the aminonitrile functional group to make a complex with Cu(II) has caused the practical activity of this nucleus in this catalyst. This nanocatalyst performance was investigated in azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (3 + 2) reaction for achieving to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in water as a green media at room temperature. In another try, Classic Ullmann Reaction was investigated for the synthesis of biaryls at 85 °C promoted by ultrasonic condition (37 kHz). The reaction scope was explored using different reactants and the results of using this developed catalytic system demonstrated its capacity to reduce the reaction time and enhance the reaction efficiency to provide good to excellent product yield. Conversely, the simple recycling and reusability of this catalyst for at least six times without any noticeable leaching of copper makes it a potential future catalyst for synthesizing such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Aghajani
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Minoo Dabiri
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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3
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Kaplanai E, Tonis E, Drymona M, Zagranyarski Y, Tzeli D, Vougioukalakis GC. Microwave-Assisted, Copper-Catalyzed Domino O-H/C-H Arylation Reaction toward the Synthesis of Oxygen-Doped Polyaromatic Molecules. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11552-11561. [PMID: 37494595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxanthenes and their analogues are a very important class of compounds mainly due to their wide range of biological and technological applications. The development of a new methodology for their synthesis, involving an Ullmann-type coupling followed by an intramolecular C-H arylation, catalyzed by copper in a domino fashion, is reported. A variety of para-substituted phenols are amenable to this methodology, affording the desired products in moderate to good yields. Our protocol is expedient and practical and is carried out under microwave irradiation in only 3 min under air. A plausible catalytic cycle is proposed based on experimental mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entzy Kaplanai
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Tonis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Drymona
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, "St. Kliment Ohridski" University of Sofia, Bul. J. Baurchier 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
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4
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Ali AT, Guda MA, Oraibi AI, Salih IK, Shather AH, Abd Ali AT, Azzawi AL, Almashhadani HA. Fe 3O 4 supported [Cu(ii)(met)(pro-H) 2] complex as a novel nanomagnetic catalytic system for room temperature C-O coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22538-22548. [PMID: 37497095 PMCID: PMC10367590 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a newly-designed copper(ii) complex of metformin and l-proline which was immobilized on Fe3O4 MNPs was developed. The structure of the catalyst platform was fully characterized using spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, the catalytic activity of [Fe3O4@Cu(ii)(Met)(Pro-H)2] was investigated in a one-pot synthesis of a variety of functionalized ethers in reasonable to excellent yields through Ullman reaction in an aqueous environment using various aryl halides, phenol, and Cs2CO3 and without using any external Cu-reducing agents. Notably, gentle catalytic conditions, quick reaction times, applicability, low cost, and preventing dangerous chemicals and solvents during synthesis and catalytic application are some of the superior properties of the [Fe3O4@Cu(ii)(Met)(Pro-H)2] complex. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused for several runs (at least eight times) without remarkable loss in efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Talal Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah Iraq
| | - Muthik A Guda
- Department of Ecology Science, College of Science, Kufa University Iraq
| | - Amjad I Oraibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences Iraq
| | - Issam K Salih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College 51001 Hilla Babylon Iraq
| | - A H Shather
- Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Al Kitab University Altun Kopru Kirkuk 00964 Iraq
| | - Abbas Talib Abd Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, National University of Science and Technology Dhi Qar Iraq
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5
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Microwave-Assisted Cu-Catalyzed Diaryletherification for Facile Synthesis of Bioactive Prenylated Diresorcinols. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010062. [PMID: 36615257 PMCID: PMC9821922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated diresorcinols exhibit various bioactivities, including cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Therefore, establishing facile and efficient synthetic routes for prenylated diresorcinols facilitates their development as chemical probes or drugs with a novel mode of action. In this study, microwave-assisted copper catalysis was explored as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for the cross-coupling of sterically hindered ortho-prenylated phenols and aryl halides to produce bioactive prenylated diresorcinols, diorcinol I and leotiomycene B. Notable advantages of microwave-assisted catalysis include not only operational simplicity and rapid heating but also shorter reaction times and higher chemical yields. In addition, highly regioselective prenylation of phenol was achieved for the preparation of ortho-prenyl phenol via directed lithiation and subsequent alkylation. This study provides valuable insights for the preparation of other bioactive prenylated diresorcinols. Furthermore, considering that prenylated benzenoids are biosynthetic precursors of various polycyclic natural products, this synthetic route could be expanded to more complex bioactive compounds possessing diaryl ethers.
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6
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Copper-Catalyzed Reactions of Aryl Halides with N-nucleophiles and Their Possible Application for Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Contaminants. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent applications of copper or copper-based compounds as a nonprecious metal catalyst in N-nucleophiles-based dehalogenation (DH) reactions of halogenated aromatic compounds (Ar-Xs). Cu-catalyzed DH enables the production of corresponding nonhalogenated aromatic products (Ar-Nu), which are much more biodegradable and can be mineralized during aerobic wastewater treatment or which are principally further applicable. Based on available knowledge, the developed Cu-based DH methods enable the utilization of amines for effective cleavage of aryl-halogen bonds in organic solvents or even in an aqueous solution.
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7
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Sharma D, Arora A, Oswal P, Bahuguna A, Datta A, Kumar A. Organosulphur and organoselenium compounds as emerging building blocks for catalytic systems for O-arylation of phenols, a C-O coupling reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8103-8132. [PMID: 35535745 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diaryl ethers form an important class of organic compounds. The classic copper-mediated Ullmann diaryl ether synthesis has been known for many years and involves the coupling of phenols with aryl halides. However, the use of high reaction temperature, high catalyst loading and expensive ligands has created a need for the development of alternative catalytic systems. In the recent past, organosulphur and organoselenium compounds have been used as building blocks for developing homogeneous, heterogeneous and nanocatalysts for this C-O coupling reaction. Homogeneous catalytic systems include preformed complexes of metals with organosulphur and organoselenium ligands. The performance of such complexes is influenced dramatically by the nature of the chalcogen (S or Se) donor site of the ligand. Nanocatalytic systems (including Pd17Se15, Pd16S7 and Cu1.8S) have been designed using a single-source precursor route. Heterogeneous catalytic systems contain either metal (Cu or Pd) or metal chalcogenides (Pd17Se15 or Cu1.8S) as catalytically active species. This article aims to cover the simple and straightforward methodologies and approaches that are adopted for developing catalytically relevant organosulfur and organoselenium ligands, their homogeneous metal complexes, heterogeneous and nanocatalysts. The effects of chalcogen (S or Se) donor, halogen (Cl/Br/I) of aryl halide, nature (electron withdrawing or electron donating) of substituents present on the aromatic ring of aryl halides or substituted phenols and position (ortho or para) of substitution on the results of catalytic reactions have been critically analyzed and summarized. The effect of composition (Pd17Se15 or Pd16S7) on the performance of nanocatalytic systems is also highlighted. Substrate scope has also been discussed in all three types of catalysis. The superiority of heterogeneous catalytic systems (e.g., Pd17Se15 immobilised on graphene oxide) indicates the bright future possibilities for the development of efficient catalytic systems using similar or tailored ligands for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012 India.
| | - Aayushi Arora
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012 India.
| | - Preeti Oswal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012 India.
| | - Anurag Bahuguna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012 India.
| | - Anupama Datta
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012 India.
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8
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CuI Immobilized on Tricationic Ionic Liquid Anchored on Functionalized Magnetic Hydrotalcite (Fe3O4/HT-TIL-CuI) as a Novel, Magnetic and Efficient Nanocatalyst for Ullmann-Type C–N Coupling Reaction. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Oswal P, Arora A, Singh S, Nautiyal D, Kumar S, Kumar A. Functionalization of graphene oxide with a hybrid P, N ligand for immobilizing and stabilizing economical and non-toxic nanosized CuO: an efficient, robust and reusable catalyst for the C–O coupling reaction in O-arylation of phenol. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new graphene oxide based heterogeneous catalytic system holding CuO nanoparticles through P and N donor sites for the C–O coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Oswal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, India
| | - Aayushi Arora
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, India
| | - Siddhant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, India
| | - Divyanshu Nautiyal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, India
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10
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Camats M, Pla D, Gómez M. Copper nanocatalysts applied in coupling reactions: a mechanistic insight. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18817-18838. [PMID: 34757356 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based nanocatalysts have seen great interest for use in synthetic applications since the early 20th century, as evidenced by the exponential number of contributions reported (since 2000, more than 48 000 works published out of about 81 300 since 1900; results from SciFinder using "copper nanocatalysts in organic synthesis" as keywords). These huge efforts are mainly based on two key aspects: (i) copper is an Earth-abundant metal with low toxicity, leading to inexpensive and eco-friendly catalytic materials; and (ii) copper can stabilize different oxidation states (0 to +3) for molecular and nanoparticle-based systems, which promotes different types of metal-reagent interactions. This chemical versatility allows different pathways, involving radical or ionic copper-based intermediates. Thus, copper-based nanoparticles have become convenient catalysts, in particular for couplings (both homo- and hetero-couplings), transformations that are involved in a remarkable number of processes affording organic compounds, which find interest in different fields (medicinal chemistry, natural products, drugs, materials, etc.). Clearly, this richness in reactivity makes understanding the mechanisms more complex. The present review focuses on the analysis of reported contributions using monometallic copper-based nanoparticles as catalytic precursors applied in coupling reactions, paying attention to those shedding light on the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Camats
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR CNRS 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Daniel Pla
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR CNRS 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Montserrat Gómez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR CNRS 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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11
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Pou S, Dodean RA, Frueh L, Liebman KM, Gallagher RT, Jin H, Jacobs RT, Nilsen A, Stuart DR, Doggett JS, Riscoe MK, Winter RW. A New Scalable Synthesis of ELQ-300, ELQ-316, and other Antiparasitic Quinolones. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:1841-1852. [PMID: 35110959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Endochin-Like Quinolone (ELQ) compound class may yield effective, safe treatments for a range of important human and animal afflictions. However, to access the public health potential of this compound series, a synthetic route needed to be devised that lowers costs and is amenable to large scale production. In the new synthetic route described here, a substituted β-keto ester, formed by an Ullmann reaction and subsequent acylation, is reacted with an aniline via a Conrad-Limpach reaction to produce 3-substituted 4(1H)-quinolones such as ELQ-300 and ELQ-316. This synthetic route, the first described to be truly amenable to industrial scale production, is relatively short (5 reaction steps), does not require palladium, chromatographic separation or protecting group chemistry, and may be performed without high vacuum distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovitj Pou
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Rozalia A Dodean
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lisa Frueh
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Katherine M Liebman
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Rory T Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10 Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Haihong Jin
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Robert T Jacobs
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, ICC, route de Pré-Bois 20, P.O. Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10 Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - J Stone Doggett
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Michael K Riscoe
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Rolf W Winter
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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12
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Niakan M, Karimi S, Masteri-Farahani M, Shekaari H. An efficient, cost-effective, and magnetically recoverable copper catalyst for O-arylation of phenols with aryl halides in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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