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Kowalska-Kuś J, Janiszewska E, Góra-Marek K, Jankowska A, Held A. Enhancing the catalytic properties of silicalite-1 through ammonium fluoride modification for waste glycerol acetalization. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39073082 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Silicalite-1 is a silica with a zeolitic MFI (Mobil Five) structure devoid of noticeable catalytically active (e.g., acid) sites. In this study, we present its modification with NH4F solutions of varying concentrations (0.5-3 M), which generates efficient and selective acid sites for the acetalization of glycerol with acetone towards solketal (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol). The creation of acid sites is attributed to the partial elimination of external silanol groups in silicalite-1 and the generation of some framework defects, resulting also in increased porosity. The characterization of the modified materials was performed using various techniques, i.e. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrate that the newly created acidic sites of Brønsted and Lewis nature exhibit significantly higher acidic strength and enhanced accessibility for reagents compared to the pristine one, resulting in exceptional glycerol conversion in the acetalization of glycerol with acetone and notable selectivity towards solketal. Glycerol conversion over modified silicalite-1 reached nearly 70%, with the selectivity to solketal exceeding 98% at 70° C after 1 hour of reaction time, using a mixture of glycerol and acetone in a 1 : 1 ratio. The proposed reaction mechanism takes into account a combination of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. The obtained results indicated that Brønsted acid sites, especially those of higher strength, are the most beneficial in this process. The remarkable catalytic performance and stability of modified silicalite-1 make it a promising candidate for potential industrial applications in the utilization of waste glycerol formed in the biofuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kowalska-Kuś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewa Janiszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Kinga Góra-Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aldona Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Held
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland.
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Veljković F, Dodevski V, Marinović-Cincović M, Veličković S, Janković B. Combustion Behavior of Cellulose Ester Fibrous Bundles from Used Cigarette Filters: Kinetic Analysis Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1480. [PMID: 38891427 PMCID: PMC11174444 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the detailed examination of the combustion properties and kinetic analysis of a cellulose acetate fibrous bundle (CAFB), separated from used cigarette filters. It was shown that the faster rate of CAFB heating allows a large amount of heat to be supplied to a combustion system in the initial stages, where the increase in heating rate has a positive response to ignition behavior. The best combustion stability of CAFB is achieved at the lowest heating rate. Through the use of different kinetic methods, it was shown that combustion takes place through two series of consecutive reaction steps and one independent single-step reaction. By optimizing the kinetic parameters within the proposed reaction models, it was found that the steps related to the generation of levoglucosenone (LGO) (by catalytic dehydration of levoglucosan (LG)) and acrolein (by breakdown of glycerol during CAFB burning-which was carried out through glycerol adsorption on a TiO2 surface in a the developed dehydration mechanism) represent rate-controlling steps, which are strongly controlled by applied heating rate. Isothermal predictions have shown that CAFB manifests very good long-term stability at 60 °C (which corresponds to storage in a sea shipping container), while at 200 °C, it shows a sudden loss in thermal stability, which is related to the physical properties of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Dodevski
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, “Vinča”, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (F.V.); (M.M.-C.); (S.V.)
| | | | | | - Bojan Janković
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, “Vinča”, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (F.V.); (M.M.-C.); (S.V.)
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3
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Moklis MH, Shuo C, Boonyubol S, Cross JS. Electrochemical Valorization of Glycerol via Electrocatalytic Reduction into Biofuels: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300990. [PMID: 37752085 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of underutilized biomass-based glycerol into high-value-added products provides a green approach for biomass and waste valorization. Plus, this approach offers an alternative to biofuel manufacturing procedure, under mild operating conditions, compared to the traditional thermochemical routes. Nevertheless, glycerol has been widely valorized via electrooxidation, with lower-value products generated at the cathode, ignoring the electroreduction. Here, a review of the efficient glycerol reduction into various products via the electrocatalytic reduction (ECR) process was presented. This review has been built upon the background of glycerol underutilization and theoretical knowledge about the state-of-the-art ECR. The experimental understanding of the processing parameter influences towards electrochemical efficiency, catalytic activity, and product selectivity are comprehensively reviewed, based on the recent glycerol ECR studies. We conclude by outlining present issues and highlighting potential future research avenues for enhanced ECR application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harussani Moklis
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Cheng Shuo
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Sasipa Boonyubol
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Jeffrey S Cross
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 I4-19, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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4
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Malaika A, Kowalska-Kuś J, Końska K, Ptaszyńska K, Jankowska A, Held A, Wróblewski K, Kozłowski M. Upgrading Pyrolytic Residue from End-of-Life Tires to Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of Glycerol to Acetins. Molecules 2023; 28:8137. [PMID: 38138625 PMCID: PMC10745658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovered carbon blacks (rCBs) produced from end-of-life tires using pyrolysis were transformed into solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of acetins, i.e., products with a wide spectrum of practical applications. Tuning the chemical properties of the surface of samples and introducing specific functional groups on the rCBs were achieved through carbon functionalization with concentrated H2SO4. The initial and modified rCBs were thoroughly characterized using techniques such as elemental analysis, potentiometric back titration, thermogravimetric technique, scanning and transmission microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The catalytic activities of the samples were measured via batch mode glycerol acetylation performed at 110 °C and compared to the catalytic performance of the functionalized commercial carbon black. The modified rCBs were found to show a significant catalytic effect in the tested reaction, giving high glycerol conversions (above 95%) and satisfactory combined yields of diacetins and triacetin (~72%) within 4 h; this behavior was attributed to the presence of -SO3H moieties on the surface of functionalized rCBs. The reusability tests indicated that the modified samples were catalytically stable in subsequent acetylation runs. The obtained results evidenced the feasibility of using end-of-life tires for the production of effective acid catalysts for glycerol valorization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malaika
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Jolanta Kowalska-Kuś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Klaudia Końska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (A.H.)
- Contec, al. Jerozolimskie 142A, 02-305 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Karolina Ptaszyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Aldona Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Agnieszka Held
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (A.H.)
| | | | - Mieczysław Kozłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (A.H.)
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Limpachanangkul P, Nimmmanterdwong P, Liu L, Hunsom M, Pruksathorn K, Piumsomboon P, Chalermsinsuwan B. Glycerol photocatalytic oxidation to higher value-added compounds via bismuth oxyhalide photocatalysts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14936. [PMID: 37697062 PMCID: PMC10495431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) including BiOCl, BiOBr, and BiOI, were well synthesized using solvothermal technique and then used in the aqueous phase photooxidation of glycerol as a catalyst. The as-synthesized BiOBr could achieve the highest glycerol transformation of around 85.6% in 8 h under ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation among as-synthesized BiOXs. Moreover, the BiOBr/TiO2 heterojunction was also prepared through an ethylene glycol-assisted solvothermal process. This new BiOBr/TiO2 heterostructure exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity (97.4%) for the oxidation of glycerol compared with pure BiOBr (74%) under ultraviolet light irradiation at 6 h. This obtained behavior was confirmed by more produced OH• radicals of BiOBr/TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paphada Limpachanangkul
- Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prathana Nimmmanterdwong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Licheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Mali Hunsom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kejvalee Pruksathorn
- Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpote Piumsomboon
- Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan
- Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence On Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Cheruvathoor Poulose A, Medveď M, Bakuru VR, Sharma A, Singh D, Kalidindi SB, Bares H, Otyepka M, Jayaramulu K, Bakandritsos A, Zbořil R. Acidic graphene organocatalyst for the superior transformation of wastes into high-added-value chemicals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1373. [PMID: 36914639 PMCID: PMC10011376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our dependence on finite fossil fuels and the insecure energy supply chains have stimulated intensive research for sustainable technologies. Upcycling glycerol, produced from biomass fermentation and as a biodiesel formation byproduct, can substantially contribute in circular carbon economy. Here, we report glycerol's solvent-free and room-temperature conversion to high-added-value chemicals via a reusable graphene catalyst (G-ASA), functionalized with a natural amino acid (taurine). Theoretical studies unveil that the superior performance of the catalyst (surpassing even homogeneous, industrial catalysts) is associated with the dual role of the covalently linked taurine, boosting the catalyst's acidity and affinity for the reactants. Unlike previous catalysts, G-ASA exhibits excellent activity (7508 mmol g-1 h-1) and selectivity (99.9%) for glycerol conversion to solketal, an additive for improving fuels' quality and a precursor of commodity and fine chemicals. Notably, the catalyst is also particularly active in converting oils to biodiesel, demonstrating its general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby Cheruvathoor Poulose
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medveď
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Vasudeva Rao Bakuru
- Materials Science and Catalysis Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bangalore Rural, India
| | - Akashdeep Sharma
- Hybrid Porous Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Nagrota Bypass Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Quality Management & Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Suresh Babu Kalidindi
- Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, AU PG Centre, Kondakarakam Village, Vizianagaram, India
| | - Hugo Bares
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Lepty, 14 avenue Pey-Berland, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 70800, Czech Republic
| | - Kolleboyina Jayaramulu
- Hybrid Porous Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Nagrota Bypass Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181221, India.
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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Alvarez Serafini M, Gonzalez-Miranda D, Tonetto G, Garcia-Ochoa F, Ladero M. Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Ethylene Carbonate Using Zinc Stearate as a Catalyst: Operating Conditions and Kinetic Modeling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031311. [PMID: 36770980 PMCID: PMC9921186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of biodiesel as a substitute/additive for diesel, the production of glycerol has experienced an increase, as it is an unavoidable byproduct of the biodiesel process; therefore, novel products and processes based on this triol are being very actively researched. Glycerol carbonate emerges as an advanced humectant from glycerol and a monomer for diverse polycarbonates. Its production in high yields and amounts can be achieved through the solventless transcarbonation of glycerol with other organic carbonates driven by alkaline catalysts, standing out amongst the cyclic carbonates due to its reactivity. Here, we have studied the main operational variables that affect the transcarbonation reaction of glycerol and ethylene carbonate catalyzed by zinc stearate: catalyst concentration, reagent molar ratio, and temperature. Subsequently, an appropriate kinetic model was fitted to all data obtained at 80 °C and several catalyst concentrations as well as reagent molar ratios. Finally, the selected kinetic model was extended and validated by fitting it to data obtained at several temperatures, finding that the activation energy of this reaction with this catalyst is around 69.2 kJ·mol-1. The kinetic model suggests that the reaction is bimolecular and elemental and that the process is interfacial in essence, with the catalyst dispersed in a narrow space between polar (glycerol) and nonpolar (ethylene carbonate) phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alvarez Serafini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) and Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant—PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca B8000, Argentina
| | - David Gonzalez-Miranda
- FQPIMA Group, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical Science School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Tonetto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) and Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant—PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca B8000, Argentina
| | - Félix Garcia-Ochoa
- FQPIMA Group, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical Science School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- FQPIMA Group, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical Science School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913944164
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Sandhya Rani G, Jyotsna A, Prabhavathi Devi BLA. Carbon‐SO
3
Na Catalysed Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate
via
Transesterification of Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gundabathini Sandhya Rani
- Centre for Lipid Science & Technology CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 2010 02 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Adigopula Jyotsna
- Centre for Lipid Science & Technology CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Bethala L. A. Prabhavathi Devi
- Centre for Lipid Science & Technology CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 2010 02 Uttar Pradesh India
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Yamamoto K, Miyamoto K, Ueno M, Takemoto Y, Kuriyama M, Onomura O. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfonylative Desymmetrization of Glycerol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249025. [PMID: 36558158 PMCID: PMC9780796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol is the main side product in the biodiesel manufacturing process, and the development of glycerol valorization methods would indirectly contribute the sustainable biodiesel production and decarbonization. Transformation of glycerol to optically active C3 units would be one of the attractive routes for glycerol valorization. We herein present the asymmetric sulfonylative desymmetrization of glycerol by using a CuCN/(R,R)-PhBOX catalyst system to provide an optically active monosulfonylated glycerol in high efficiency. A high degree of enantioselectivity was achieved with a commercially available chiral ligand and an inexpensive carbonate base. The optically active monosulfonylated glycerol was successfully transformed into a C3 unit attached with differentially protected three hydroxy moieties. In addition, the synthetic utility of the present reaction was also demonstrated by the transformation of the monosulfonylated glycerol into an optically active synthetic ceramide, sphingolipid E.
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10
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Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile strategy for the design of porous supports was obtained by modifying the sol-gel method followed by the wet impregnation technique. In this respect, herein, the acidity of the γ-Al2O3 phase was modulated by adding basic MgO, La2O3 or ZnO promoters to form binary supported catalysts. The Ni and Co dispersion on the supports associated with their tunable acidity and morphologies resulted in highly porous supported alumina-based catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the solids were comprehensively investigated by XRD, textural properties, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and XPS analyses. The catalytic performances in the esterification of glycerol in the presence of acetic acid (EG) for the acetins production were evaluated. The highly dispersed NiO and Co3O4 active species on binary porous supports produced synergistic effects appearing to be the reason for the activity of the solids in the EG reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, NiCo/MgO-Al2O3 was found to be a robust solid with superior catalytic performance and improved stability in four reaction cycles with 65.0% of glycerol conversion with an exclusive selectivity of 53% for triacetin. The presence of Co2+/Co3+ and Ni2+ strongly interacting with the spinel γ-Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 phases, the latter having a large number of lattice oxygen species, was considered another active component besides those of Ni and Co in the esterification of glycerol.
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11
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Bîtcan I, Petrovici A, Pellis A, Klébert S, Károly Z, Bereczki L, Péter F, Todea A. Enzymatic route for selective glycerol oxidation using covalently immobilized laccases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 163:110168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Synthesis of Ibuprofen Monoglyceride Using Novozym®435: Biocatalyst Activation and Stabilization in Multiphasic Systems. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was focused on the enzymatic esterification of glycerol and ibuprofen at high concentrations in two triphasic systems composed of toluene+ibuprofene (apolar) and glycerol or glycerol–water (polar) liquid phases, and a solid phase with the industrial immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica named Novozym®435 (N435) acting as the biocatalyst. Based on a preliminary study, the concentration of the enzyme was set at 30 g·L−1 and the stirring speed at 720 r.p.m to reduce external mass transfer limitations. To obtain more information on the reaction system, it was conducted at a wide range of temperatures (50 to 80 °C) and initial concentrations of ibuprofen (20–100 g·L−1, that is, 97 to 483 mM). Under these experimental conditions, the external mass transfer, according to the Mears criterion (Me = 1.47–3.33·10−4 << 0.15), was fast, presenting no limitation to the system productivity, regardless of the presence of water and from 50 to 80 °C. Considering that the enzyme is immobilized in a porous ion-exchange resin, limitations due to internal mass transfer can exist, depending on the values of the effectiveness factor (η). It varied from 0.14 to 0.23 at 50 to 80 °C and 0.32–1 mm particle diameter range in the absence of water, and in the same ranges, from 0.40 to 0.66 in the presence of 7.4% w/w water in the glycerol phase. Thus, it is evident that some limitation occurs due to mass transfer inside the pores, while the presence of water in the polar phase increases the productivity 3–4 fold. During the kinetic study, several kinetic models were proposed for both triphasic reacting systems, with and without first-order biocatalyst deactivation, and their fit to all relevant experimental data led to the observation that the best kinetic model was a reversible hyperbolic model with first-order deactivation in the anhydrous reaction system and a similar model, but without deactivation, for the system with added water at zero time. This fact is in sharp contrast to the use of N435 in a water-glycerol monophasic system, where progressive dissolution of ibuprofen in the reacting media, together with a notable enzyme deactivation, is observed.
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Bockisch C, Lorance ED, Hartnett HE, Shock EL, Gould IR. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Hydrothermal Dehydration of Cyclic 1,2- and 1,4-Diols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14299-14307. [PMID: 36227689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal dehydration is an attractive method for deoxygenation and upgrading of biofuels because it requires no reagents or catalysts other than superheated water. Although mono-alcohols cleanly deoxygenate via dehydration under many conditions, polyols such as those derived from saccharides and related structures are known to be recalcitrant with respect to dehydration. Here, we describe detailed mechanistic and kinetic studies of hydrothermal dehydration of 1,2- and 1,4-cyclohexanediols as model compounds to investigate how interactions between the hydroxyls can control the reaction. The diols generally dehydrate more slowly and have more complex reaction pathways than simple cyclohexanol. Although hydrogen bonding between hydroxyls is an important feature of the diol reactions, hydrogen bonding on its own does not explain the reduced reactivity. Rather, it is the way that hydrogen bonding influences the balance between the E1 and E2 elimination mechanisms. We also describe the reaction pathways and follow-up secondary reactions for the slower-dehydrating diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Bockisch
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Edward D Lorance
- Department of Chemistry, Vanguard University, Costa Mesa, California 92926, United States
| | - Hilairy E Hartnett
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Everett L Shock
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ian R Gould
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Sustainable Ketalization of Glycerol with Ethyl Levulinate Catalyzed by the Iron(III)-Based Metal-Organic Framework MIL-88A. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217229. [PMID: 36364056 PMCID: PMC9658270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic properties of a simple iron-containing MOF based on fumaric acid, MIL-88A, were investigated in the ketalization of ethyl levulinate with glycerol. The corresponding product is a component of current interest as a renewable building block for many uses. Under the following conditions (solventless, 120 °C, stoichiometric ratio, 1% cat.), the reaction proceeds with good yields (85%), and the catalyst can be recovered and recycled without loss of activity, despite some changes in the crystalline lattice and morphology. Moreover, the residual iron content in the product is in the order of units of ppm (≤2), which demonstrates the robustness of the MOF under the reaction conditions.
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Dutta S. Greening the Synthesis of Biorenewable Fuels and Chemicals by Stoichiometric Reagentless Organic Transformations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Mangaluru-575025, Karnataka, India
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Mai CT, Ye Y, Rempel GL, Ng FT. A novel one-step synthesis of 1-propanol from hydrogenolysis of glycerol using a Ni-HSiW/Al2O3 catalyst – The impact of H2 pressure on catalyst performance. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Folkard AL, Farahani MD, Mahomed AS, Friedrich HB. Sustainable selective propanol production via continuous flow conversion of glycerol over synergistic bifunctional catalysts: An exploration into factors affecting activity. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Marrocchi A, Trombettoni V, Campana F, Passagrilli V, Nazari A, Bracciale MP, Santarelli ML, Vaccaro L. Glycerol valorization: Development of selective protocols for acetals production through tailor-made macroreticular acid resins. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Heterogeneous Catalysts for Conversion of Biodiesel-Waste Glycerol into High-Added-Value Chemicals. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The valuable products produced from glycerol transformation have become a research route that attracted considerable benefits owing to their huge volumes in recent decades (as a result of biodiesel production as a byproduct) as well as a myriad of chemical and biological techniques for transforming glycerol into high-value compounds, such as fuel additives, biofuels, precursors and other useful chemicals, etc. Biodiesel has presented another challenge in the considerable increase in its byproduct (glycerol). This review provides a recent update on the transformation of glycerol with an exclusive focus on the various catalysts’ performance in designing reaction operation conditions. The different products observed and cataloged in this review involved hydrogen, acetol, acrolein, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol (1,3-propanediol and 1,2-propanediol) from reforming and dehydration and hydrogenolysis reactions of glycerol conversions. The future prospects and critical challenges are finally presented.
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Mermejo BDC, Bortolucci J, de Andrade AR, Reginatto V. The Non-solventogenic Clostridium beijerinckii Br21 Produces 1,3-Propanediol From Glycerol With Butyrate as the Main By-Product. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.848022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever-increasing biofuel production has raised the supply of glycerol, an abundant waste from ethanolic fermentation and transesterification, for biodiesel production. Glycerol can be a starting material for sustainable production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3 PD), a valued polymer subunit. Here, we compare how Clostridium pasteurianum DSMZ 525, a well-known 1,3-PD-producer, and the non-solventogenic Clostridium beijerinckii Br21 perform during glycerol fermentation. Fermentative assays in 80-, 390-, or 1,100-mM glycerol revealed higher 1,3-PD productivity by DSMZ 525 compared to Br21. The highest 1,3-PD productivities by DSMZ 525 and Br21 were obtained in 390 mM glycerol: 3.01 and 1.70 mM h−1, respectively. Glycerol uptake by the microorganisms differed significantly: C. beijerinckii Br21 consumed 41.1, 22.3, and 16.3%, while C. pasteurianum consumed 93, 44.5, and 14% of the initial glycerol concentration in 80, 390, and 1,100 mM glycerol, respectively. In 1,100 mM glycerol, C. beijerinckii Br21 growth was delayed. Besides 1,3-PD, we detected butyrate and acetate during glycerol fermentation by both strains. However, at 80 mM glycerol, C. beijerinckii Br21 formed only butyrate as the by-product, which could help downstream processing of the 1,3-PD fermentation broth. Therefore, C. beijerinckii Br21, an unexplored biocatalyst so far, can be used to convert glycerol to 1,3-PD and can be applied in biofuel biorefineries.
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Kovalenko ON, Simentsova II, Panchenko VN, Timofeeva MN. Acid Activation of Montmorillonite as a Way of Controlling Its Catalytic Behavior in the Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050422020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Aqueous-Phase Glycerol Conversion over Ni-Based Catalysts Synthesized by Nanocasting. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A morphological strategy consisting of nanocasting synthesis of nickel aluminate spinel precursor was addressed. Two nanocasted catalysts were synthesized involving different template-removal procedures (i.e., Teflon-assisted calcination vs. NaOH washing) for spinel recovery. As a reference, spinel NiAl2O4 supported by SBA-15 and bare nickel aluminate spinel were selected. The obtained solids were characterized in detail, examining their textural, acid–base, structural and compositional characteristics, either in the calcined or reduced forms. The as-obtained catalysts’ performance was evaluated in the aqueous-phase reforming of glycerol at 235 °C and 35 bar. Exhausted samples were also characterized to enlighten changes in catalyst properties during the aqueous-phase reaction. NiAl/SBA-15 and NiAl-NCF catalyst showed very poor catalytic performance for the glycerol transformation. NiAl-NCN catalyst presented improved activity with respect to NiAl, with a 20% higher hydrogen production rate but, as a drawback, higher methane formation for a whole range of glycerol conversions. Exhausted catalyst indicated nickel oxidized in liquid phase reaction.
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Abstract
The exponential rise of the biodiesel production has resulted in a considerable amount of glycerol as a by-product, which must be valorized to ensure the sector’s long-term viability. As a result, cost-effective glycerol conversions for significant value-added chemicals are essential for the biodiesel production in the long run. Solketal, a glycerol by-product, is obtained as a potential fuel additive in the biodiesel industry. Recently, several heterogeneous acid-catalysts stand out as a promising catalyst for solketal production where biomass-based catalyst gained attraction owing to their biodegradability, eco-friendly, and abundant availability. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles-derived catalysts along with sulfonated functionalized catalyzed, zeolites, resins, enzymatic, etc. have proved their efficiency in solketal production. In this review, a wider study on the recent advances of the catalysts has been discussed along with their preparation, various reaction parameters, its application, and efficiency for biodiesel industry. This study opens up incredible prospects for us to use renewable energy sources, which will benefit the industry, the environment, and the economy.
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Soumoy L, Célis C, Debecker DP, Armandi M, Fiorilli S, Aprile C. Hafnium-doped silica nanotubes for the upgrading of glycerol into solketal: enhanced performances and in-depth structure-activity correlation. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Glycerol-based enzymatically synthesized renewable polyesters: Control of molecular weight, degree of branching and functional endgroups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Polyphenolic esters (PEs) are valuable chemical compounds that display a wide spectrum of activities (e.g., anti-oxidative effects). As a result, their production through catalytic routes is an attractive field of research. The present review aims to discuss recent studies from the literature regarding the catalytic production of PEs from biomass feedstocks, namely, naturally occurred polyphenolic compounds. Several synthetic approaches are reported in the literature, mainly bio-catalysis and to a lesser extent acid catalysis. Immobilized lipases (e.g., Novozym 435) are the preferred enzymes thanks to their high reactivity, selectivity and reusability. Acid catalysis is principally investigated for the esterification of polyphenolic acids with fatty alcohols and/or glycerol, using both homogeneous (p-toluensulfonic acid, sulfonic acid and ionic liquids) and heterogeneous (strongly acidic cation exchange resins) catalysts. Based on the reviewed publications, we propose some suggestions to improve the synthesis of PEs with the aim of increasing the greenness of the overall production process. In fact, much more attention should be paid to the use of new and efficient acid catalysts and their reuse for multiple reaction cycles.
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Andreu T, Mallafré M, Molera M, Sarret M, Oriol R, Sirés I. Effect of thermal treatment of nickel‐cobalt electrocatalyst for glycerol oxidation. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Andreu
- Universidad de Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona Materials Science & Physical Chemistry Martí i Franquès, 1 … Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Maria Mallafré
- Universitat de Barcelona Materials Science & Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Martí Molera
- Universitat de Barcelona Materials Science & Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Maria Sarret
- Universitat de Barcelona Materials Science & Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Roger Oriol
- Universitat de Barcelona Quimica Fisica SPAIN
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Maes C, Menot B, Hayouni S, Martinez A, Fauconnier ML, Bouquillon S. Preparation of New Glycerol-Based Dendrimers and Studies on Their Behavior toward Essential Oil Encapsulation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10277-10291. [PMID: 35382285 PMCID: PMC8973103 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new families of glycerol-based dendrimers (glyceroladendrimers (GADs) and glyceroclickdendrimers (GCDs)) have been synthesized. Three generations have been isolated for each family with good yields and were fully analyzed. The encapsulation of essential oils (citronella and cinnamon) in GADs, GCDs, and also in previously described glycerodendrimers GD-PAMAMs and GD-PPIs has been studied by dynamic-headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The retention rates obtained were from -35.8 to 26.65% for citronella essential oil and from 2.14 to 38.84% for the cinnamon essential oil. In addition, the best results were obtained with GD-PAMAMs and GD-PPIs of higher generation. The interaction study between essential oils or more precisely their major components have been performed through NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR and DOSY NMR). No direct interactions between dendrimers and essential oils have been observed, but a surprising behavior of compression of the dendrimer in stable emulsions was observed. Indeed, the hydrodynamic radius of GD-PPI-3 has been reduced in the presence of cinnamon essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë Maes
- UMR
CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, BP 1039 boîte 44, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Molécules Naturelles. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
| | - Bérengère Menot
- UMR
CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, BP 1039 boîte 44, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Safa Hayouni
- UMR
CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, BP 1039 boîte 44, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Agathe Martinez
- UMR
CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, BP 1039 boîte 44, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Molécules Naturelles. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
| | - Sandrine Bouquillon
- UMR
CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, BP 1039 boîte 44, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
- . Tel.: +33/(0)326918973
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Transesterification of Soybean Oil through Different Homogeneous Catalysts: Kinetic Study. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for alternatives to fossil fuels has been widely covered, especially in the past two decades. Thus, the role of biodiesel has been important, and its implementation in biorefineries seems feasible due to the sustainability of the process. This way, the knowledge of kinetics is vital to design industrial facilities and to compare the efficiency of catalysts (both typical and innovative ones) during transesterification or other similar processes taking place in a biorefinery, such as biolubricant production through transesterification with superior alcohols. In this work, a thorough kinetic study of homogeneous catalysts (base catalysts, such as KOH, NaOH or CH3OK, and acid catalysts (H2SO4, H3PO4 and p-toluenesulfonic acid, CH3C6H4SO3H)) applied to the transesterification of soybean oil was carried out to provide extensive kinetic data about this process. As a conclusion, a pseudo-first-order reaction mechanism was applied in all cases, with activation energies of 65.5–66 and 92.3 kJ·mol−1 for KOH and CH3C6H4SO3H, respectively, proving the higher activation energy for acid catalysis compared to base catalysis.
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Abstract
Glycerol acetalization with citral was studied using a heteropolyacid (tungstophosphoric acid) supported on KIT-6, as a catalyst, at 100 °C. Different catalysts were synthesized. Catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total refletion-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and potentiometric titrations. At a fixed time, the glycerol conversion increased with the H3PW12O40 (PW) on KIT-6. PW4-KIT-6 material had a higher conversion than other catalysts. The optimization of glycerol’s acetalization with citral was studied under the PW4-KIT-6 catalyst. After 5 h, it was found that, at T = 100 °C, with m = 0.3 g of solid, molar glycerol:citral = 1:2.25, the conversion of glycerol was 89%. Moreover, the PW4-KTI-6 catalyst showed good catalytic stability.
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Vasudevan SV, Cai J, Bu Q, Mao H. Ordered mesoporous zirconium silicates as a catalyst for biofuel precursors synthesis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Production of valuable chemicals from glycerol using carbon fiber catalysts derived from ethylene. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20251. [PMID: 34642367 PMCID: PMC8511005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene was thermocatalytically transformed into carbon products via a CCVD process. The filamentous carbon obtained was further modified with concentrated sulfuric acid or 4-benzenediazonium sulfonate (BDS) to produce acid-type catalysts. The as-prepared samples were characterized by SEM and TEM techniques to confirm their morphological features. TG, XRD, elemental, and porosity analyses were also performed to assess the quality of these materials. The fabricated carbons were tested in eco-friendly green synthesis of value-added fuel bio-additives, namely in glycerol esterification. The reaction of glycerol transformation was performed with acetic acid at 80 °C using different glycerol to acetic acid (Gly/AA) molar ratios. The samples functionalized with diazonium salt showed better performance in the above process than those modified with H2SO4, and this was found to be directly related to the degree of surface functionalization with acidic sites. BDS-modified carbon fibers allowed obtaining acceptable results within 6 h when the reaction was performed with a Gly/AA molar ratio of 1:6, however, the dominant products in this case were mono- and diacetins. Extended reaction time altered the distribution of products. Finally, the combined selectivity to the targeted acetins (i.e., DA and TA) was about 75.5%. A direct correlation between the content of -SO3H groups of CNFs and the yield of higher acetins was found.
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Challenges & Opportunities on Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Value Added Chemicals. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10524.525-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of biodiesel industry, its main by-product, crude glycerol, is anticipated to reach a global production of 6 million tons in 2025. It is actually a worrying phenomenon as glycerol could potentially emerge as an excessive product with little value. Glycerol, an alcohol and oxygenated chemical from biodiesel production, has essentially enormous potential to be converted into higher value-added chemicals. Using glycerol as a starting material for value-added chemical production will create a new demand on the glycerol market such as lactic acid, propylene glycol, alkyl lactatehydrogen, olefins and others. This paper briefly reviews the recent development on value-added chemicals derived from glycerol through catalytic conversion of refined and crude glycerol that have been proven to be promising in research stage with commercialization potential, or have been put in a corporate marketable production. Despite of the huge potential of products that can be transformed from glycerol, there are still numerous challenges to be addressed and discussed that include catalyst design and robustness; focus on crude or refined glycerol; reactor technology, reaction mechanism and thermodynamic analysis; and overall process commercial viability. The discussion will hopefully provide new insights on justified direction to focus on for glycerol transformation technology. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Insights into the Nature of the Active Sites of Pt-WOx/Al2O3 Catalysts for Glycerol Hydrogenolysis into 1,3-Propanediol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemo-selective hydrogenolysis of secondary hydroxyls is an important reaction for the production of biomass-derived α,ω-diols. This is the case for 1,3-propanediol production from glycerol. Supported Pt-WOx materials are effective catalysts for this transformation, and their activity is often related to the tungsten surface density and Brönsted acidity, although there are discrepancies in this regard. In this work, a series of Pt-WOx/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by modifying the pH of the solutions used in the active metal impregnation step. The activity–structure relationships, together with the results from the addition of in situ titrants, i.e., 2,6-di-tert-butyl-pyridine or pyridine, helped in elucidating the nature of the bifunctional active sites for the selective production of 1,3-propanediol.
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Abdullah A, Abdullah AZ, Ahmed M, Okoye PU, Shahadat M. A review on bi/multifunctional catalytic oxydehydration of bioglycerol to acrylic acid: Catalyst type, kinetics, and reaction mechanism. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia
| | | | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia
| | - Patrick U. Okoye
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía Instituto de Energías Renovables (IER‐UNAM) Temixco Mexico
| | - Mohammad Shahadat
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology IIT Delhi India
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Biolubricant Production through Double Transesterification: Reactor Design for the Implementation of a Biorefinery Based on Rapeseed. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and use of biolubricants as replacements for mineral lubricants align with the promotion of sustainable development goals, contributing to the sustainable economic growth of developing countries as well as the preservation of the environment. The implementation of biorefineries (where the production of biolubricants through transesterification could play an important role) is becoming important for these purposes, using natural feedstocks such as rapeseed, which is an interesting crop that can adapt to different climates under extreme weather conditions. The aim of this research work was to study the design of a reactor to produce rapeseed biolubricant through double transesterification of the corresponding vegetable oil. Thus, the kinetics to design a reactor was studied, sizing it according to the properties of the biolubricant and the demand in Spain. As a result, a SAE 10W30 biolubricant was obtained, which was suitable for Diesel engines. A batch reactor was selected for the production of this biolubricant at a national level, with a pseudo-first reaction order and a reactor volume of 9.66 m3.
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37
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Production of Gasolines and Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: From Fossil Raw Materials to Green Processes. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14134061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The properties and the applications of the main monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and the three xylene isomers) and the industrial processes for their manufacture from fossil raw materials are summarized. Potential ways for their production from renewable sources with thermo-catalytic processes are described and discussed in detail. The perspectives of the future industrial organic chemistry in relation to the production of high-octane bio-gasolines and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as renewable chemical intermediates are discussed.
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Akinnawo CA, Mosia L, Alimi OA, Oseghale CO, Fapojuwo DP, Bingwa N, Meijboom R. Eco-friendly synthesis of valuable fuel bio-additives from glycerol. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2021.106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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39
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Catalytic Production of Glycolic Acid from Glycerol Oxidation: An Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at optimizing the production of glycolic acid from glycerol catalytic oxidation over a silver catalyst supported on a mixed cerium-zirconium oxide, to progress towards the industrialization of a derived process. Optimization of the operating conditions was performed using the response surface methodology. We concluded that the production of glycolic acid depends mainly of glycerol concentration, NaOH/glycerol ratio, catalyst/glycerol ratio, and O2/glycerol ratio. The optimal conditions we found were a temperature of 60 °C, a NaOH/glycerol molar ratio of 2, an O2/glycerol molar ratio of 0.23, and a catalyst/glycerol mass ratio of 0.07. With these optimal conditions, it was possible to increase the glycerol concentration from 0.3 M to 2 M, obtaining an increase in the concentration of glycolic acid in the liquid fraction, from 0.27 mol/L of glycolic acid (with initial glycerol solution 0.3 M) to 0.88 mol/L (with initial solution 2 M), while keeping a 100% glycerol conversion.
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Versatile Coordination Polymer Catalyst for Acid Reactions Involving Biobased Heterocyclic Chemicals. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical valorization/repurposing of biomass-derived chemicals contributes to a biobased economy. Furfural (Fur) is a recognized platform chemical produced from renewable lignocellulosic biomass, and furfuryl alcohol (FA) is its most important application. The aromatic aldehydes Fur and benzaldehyde (Bza) are commonly found in the slate of compounds produced via biomass pyrolysis. On the other hand, glycerol (Gly) is a by-product of the industrial production of biodiesel, derived from fatty acid components of biomass. This work focuses on acid catalyzed routes of Fur, Bza, Gly and FA, using a versatile crystalline lamellar coordination polymer catalyst, namely [Gd(H4nmp)(H2O)2]Cl·2H2O (1) [H6nmp=nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid)] synthesized via an ecofriendly, relatively fast, mild microwave-assisted approach (in water, 70 °C/40 min). This is the first among crystalline coordination polymers or metal-organic framework type materials studied for the Fur/Gly and Bza/Gly reactions, giving heterobicyclic products of the type dioxolane and dioxane, and was also effective for the FA/ethanol reaction. 1 was stable and promoted the target catalytic reactions, selectively leading to heterobicyclic dioxane and dioxolane type products in the Fur/Gly and Bza/Gly reactions (up to 91% and 95% total yields respectively, at 90 °C/4 h), and, on the other hand, 2-(ethoxymethyl)furan and ethyl levulinate from heterocyclic FA.
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Conte F, Esposito S, Dal Santo V, Di Michele A, Ramis G, Rossetti I. Flame Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mixed Oxides for Glycerol Steam Reforming. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030652. [PMID: 33572587 PMCID: PMC7866988 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flame spray pyrolysis was used to produce nanosized Ni-based catalysts starting from different mixed oxides. LaNiO3 and CeNiO3 were used as base materials and the formulation was varied by mixing them or incorporating variable amounts of ZrO2 or SrO during the synthesis. The catalysts were tested for the steam reforming of glycerol. One of the key problems for this application is the resistance to deactivation by sintering and coking, which may be increased by (1) improving Ni dispersion through the production of a Ni-La or Ni-Ce mixed oxide precursor, and then reduced; (2) using an oxide as ZrO2, which established a strong interaction with Ni and possesses high thermal resistance; (3) decreasing the surface acidity of ZrO2 through a basic promoter/support, such as La2O3; and (4) adding a promoter/support with very high oxygen mobility such as CeO2. A further key feature is the use of a high temperature synthesis, such as flame spray pyrolysis, to improve the overall thermal resistance of the oxides. These strategies proved effective to obtain active and stable catalysts at least for 20 h on stream with very limited coke formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Conte
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, INSTM Unit Milano-Università and CNR-SCITEC, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Serena Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia e Unità INSTM Torino-Politecnico Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimiro Dal Santo
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Dip. Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gianguido Ramis
- Dip. di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Genova and INSTM Unit Genova, Via all’Opera Pia 15A, 16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ilenia Rossetti
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, INSTM Unit Milano-Università and CNR-SCITEC, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (I.R.)
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Abstract
The continuous oligomerization of glycerol for the formation of polyglycerol was carried out for the first time under microwave activation. In the presence of potassium carbonate, we studied the ease of handling, effects of temperature, flow rate and residence time of an inexpensive homogeneous commercial catalyst. The main linear and branched-chain diglycerol and triglycerol regioisomers were characterized and the quantification of the different isomers was realized. Successive cyclic mode processes followed by short distance distillation allowed the mixture to be enriched with glycerol ethers and thus to obtain a mixture of diglycerol (50.2 wt%), triglycerol (22.1 wt%), tetraglycerol (9.5 wt%), and pentaglycerol (4.3 wt%).
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Sherbi M, Wesner A, Wisniewski VK, Bukowski A, Velichkova H, Fiedler B, Albert J. Superior CNT-supported bimetallic RuCu catalyst for the highly selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01518d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification using Cu significantly improves the performance of Ru/MWCNT catalysts for the selective production of 1,2-PD up to (93.4%) from glycerol hydrogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Sherbi
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Wesner
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valea Kim Wisniewski
- Technische Universität Hamburg, Institut für Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bukowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hristiana Velichkova
- Technische Universität Hamburg, Institut für Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Fiedler
- Technische Universität Hamburg, Institut für Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Albert
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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