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Sauer C, de Reijer GJL, Wilfinger B, Hellman A, Carlsson PA. Continuous isomerisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran to 2,4-dimethylfuran over Ga-silicate. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303810. [PMID: 38327129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
2,4-dimethylfuran has a rare disubstitution pattern in the five-membered heterocyclic furan ring that is highly interesting chemically but challenging to access synthetically. We present a heterogeneously catalysed route to synthesise 2,4-dimethylfuran from commonly available 2,5-dimethylfuran using a zeolite packed-bed flow reactor. As supported by DFT calculations, the reaction occurs inside the zeolite channels, where the acid sites catalyse proton transfer followed by migration of a methyl group. The zeotype Ga-silicate (MFI type) appears superior to an aluminium-containing ZSM-5 by demonstrating higher selectivities and slower catalyst deactivation. This work provides new opportunities for the continuous valorisation of bio-feedstock molecules in the perspective of the emerging biorefinery era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guido J L de Reijer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Wilfinger
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gomes GJ, Zalazar MF, Padilha JC, Costa MB, Bazzi CL, Arroyo PA. Unveiling the mechanisms of carboxylic acid esterification on acid zeolites for biomass-to-energy: A review of the catalytic process through experimental and computational studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140879. [PMID: 38061565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest from industrial and academic areas in the esterification of carboxylic acids catalyzed by acidic zeolites, as it represents a sustainable and economically viable approach to producing a wide range of high-value-added products. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that address the intricate reaction mechanisms occurring at the catalyst interface at both the experimental and atomistic levels. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the esterification reaction on acidic zeolites based on experimental and theoretical studies. The combination of infrared spectroscopy with atomistic calculations and experimental strategies using modulation excitation spectroscopy techniques combined with phase-sensitive detection is presented as an approach to detecting short-lived intermediates at the interface of zeolitic frameworks under realistic reaction conditions. To achieve this goal, this review has been divided into four sections: The first is a brief introduction highlighting the distinctive features of this review. The second addresses questions about the topology and activity of different zeolitic systems, since these properties are closely correlated in the esterification process. The third section deals with the mechanisms proposed in the literature. The fourth section presents advances in IR techniques and theoretical calculations that can be applied to gain new insights into reaction mechanisms. Finally, this review concludes with a subtle approach, highlighting the main aspects and perspectives of combining experimental and theoretical techniques to elucidate different reaction mechanisms in zeolitic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio José Gomes
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina; Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - María Fernanda Zalazar
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Janine Carvalho Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle Budke Costa
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Claudio Leones Bazzi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Arroyo
- Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Isomorphous Substitution of Gallium into MFI-Framework Zeolite Increases 2,5-Dimethylfuran to Aromatics Selectivity and Suppresses Catalyst Deactivation. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe valorization of biomass-derived molecules into commodity chemicals is important for the transition to renewable feedstocks. The model platform molecule 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-dmf) can be converted into value-added aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) over zeolite catalysts. To explore the role of the zeolite acid site(s) in BTX selectivity, gallium has been isomorphously substituted into the framework, resulting in a Ga-silicate. Compared to the ZSM-5 counterpart, this modification shows enhanced benzene selectivity as well as resistance to deactivation by coke in continuous catalytic performance tests.
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Catalysis in Zeolites and Zeotypes—Cornerstone of Chemical Industry and Permanent Subject of Research. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mankind has been aware of zeolites since 1756, when the Swede, Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1722–1765), observed the strange behavior of a certain natural mineral (probably stellerite with some amounts of stilbite) [...]
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Wang Y, Hu P, Yang J, Zhu YA, Chen D. C-H bond activation in light alkanes: a theoretical perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4299-4358. [PMID: 33595008 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkanes are the major constituents of natural gas and crude oil, the feedstocks for the chemical industry. The efficient and selective activation of C-H bonds can convert abundant and low-cost hydrocarbon feedstocks into value-added products. Due to the increasing global demand for light alkenes and their corresponding polymers as well as synthesis gas and hydrogen production, C-H bond activation of light alkanes has attracted widespread attention. A theoretical understanding of C-H bond activation in light hydrocarbons via density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling provides a feasible approach to gain insight into the process and guidelines for designing more efficient catalysts to promote light alkane transformation. This review describes the recent progress in computational catalysis that has addressed the C-H bond activation of light alkanes. We start with direct and oxidative C-H bond activation of methane, with emphasis placed on kinetic and mechanistic insights obtained from DFT assisted microkinetic analysis into steam and dry reforming, and the partial oxidation dependence on metal/oxide surfaces and nanoparticle size. Direct and oxidative activation of the C-H bond of ethane and propane on various metal and oxide surfaces are subsequently reviewed, including the elucidation of active sites, intriguing mechanisms, microkinetic modeling, and electronic features of the ethane and propane conversion processes with a focus on suppressing the side reaction and coke formation. The main target of this review is to give fundamental insight into C-H bond activation of light alkanes, which can provide useful guidance for the optimization of catalysts in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
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