Lee MS, Hoadley A, Patel J, Lim S, Kozielski K, Li C. Techno-Economic Analysis for Direct Processing of Wet Solid Residues Originated from Grain and Inedible Plant Wastes.
BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2022;
16:940-953. [PMID:
35992629 PMCID:
PMC9383684 DOI:
10.1007/s12155-022-10501-6]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Large number of solid wastes is produced from ethanol and wine plants sourcing from grain and inedible plant wastes, for example, WDGS (wet distiller's grain with soluble) and DDGS (dry distiller's grain with soluble) produced from ethanol plants using corn. This study investigates alternative methods for using these co-products through combustion and anaerobic digestion. Process simulation and economic analysis were conducted using current market prices to evaluate the viability of the processes. Products in the form of energy are produced. Optimization of the corn ethanol plant was also explored for re-using the heat and electricity produced in those processes. These processes will supply more viable options to utilisation of those wastes. The anaerobic digestion of WDGS to produce electricity scenario was found to have the biggest profit among the four scenarios which can bring the annual income of 14.1 million Australian dollar to the ethanol plant. An environmental analysis of the CO2 emissions was also conducted. Using the Australian state emission factor, the amount of CO2 offset through both combustion and anaerobic digestion can be seen. The anaerobic digestion of WDGS to supply heat to the plant was proved having the largest CO2 abatement with the value of 0.58 kg-CO2e/L-EtOH.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12155-022-10501-6.
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