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Muraveva V, Lomadze N, Gordievskaya YD, Ortner P, Beta C, Santer S. Manipulation of artificial and living small objects by light driven diffusioosmotic flow. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18342. [PMID: 39112635 PMCID: PMC11306628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report on light-triggered generation of local flow utilizing a bio-compatible non-ionic photo-active surfactant. The mechanism is based on diffusioosmotic phenomenon, where the gradient of relative concentration with respect to different chemical species near a surface leads to an osmotic pressure gradient driving liquid flow along the surface. The application of a photo-responsive surfactant allows for easy and reversible changes in concentration gradient by positioning a light source at the desired place. Along with the so-inscribed concentration gradient one can change reversible the direction and strength of the flow even in a closed system. The phenomenology of light-driven diffusioosmotic flow (LDDO) can be used in a rather flexible way: colloids can be gathered or dispersed and bio-compatibility extends the range of colloid types also to living microorganisms such as soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. We show that DO flow can be considered a versatile method to set hydrodynamic conditions along the sample for investigating the motility of living cells. Further advantages of employing LDDO are the flexibility of flow generation in a reversible way and with spatiotemporal control, without the need to either change the channel geometry by loading a different device, or the periphery of pumps and connectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Muraveva
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nino Lomadze
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yulia D Gordievskaya
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philipp Ortner
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Beta
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Svetlana Santer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Heckel S, Wittmann M, Reid M, Villa K, Simmchen J. An Account on BiVO 4 as Photocatalytic Active Matter. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2024; 5:400-412. [PMID: 38694187 PMCID: PMC11059100 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic materials are gaining popularity and research investment for developing light-driven micromotors. While most of the early work used highly stable TiO2 as a material to construct micromotors, mostly in combination with noble metals, other semiconductors offer a wider range of properties, including independence from high-energy UV light. This review focuses on our work with BiVO4 which has shown promise due to its small band gap and resulting ability to absorb blue light. Additionally, this salt's well-defined crystal structures lead to exploitable charge separation on different crystal facets, providing sufficient asymmetry to cause active propulsion. These properties have given rise to fascinating physical and chemical behaviors that show how rich and variable active matter can become. Here, we present the synthesis of different BiVO4 microparticles and their material properties that make them excellent candidates as active micromotors. A critical factor in understanding inherently asymmetric micromotors is knowledge of their flow fields. However, due to their small size and the need to use even smaller tracer particles to avoid perturbing the flow field, measuring flow fields at the microscale is a difficult task. We also present these first results, which allow us to demonstrate the correlation between chemical reactivity and the flow generated, leading to active motion. Due to the nontoxic nature of BiVO4, these visible-light-responsive microswimmers have been used to study the first steps toward applications, even in sensitive areas such as food technology. Although these initial tests are far from being realized, we have to face the fact that a single microswimmer will not be able to perform macroscale tasks. Therefore, we present the reader with the first simple studies of collective motion, hoping for many new contributions to the field. The one-step synthesis of BiVO4 clearly paves the way for studies requiring large numbers of particles. We predict that the combination of promising applications for a nontoxic material which is readily synthesized in large quantities will contribute pivotally to advance the field of active matter beyond the proof-of-concept stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heckel
- Physical
Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wittmann
- Physical
Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Reid
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Villa
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Physical
Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Wittmann M, Voigtmann M, Simmchen J. Active BiVO 4 Swimmers Propelled by Depletion Gradients Caused by Photodeposition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206885. [PMID: 36683219 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial active matter often self-propels by creating gradients of one or more species or quantities. For chemical swimmers, most frequently either O2 or H+ that are created in certain catalytic reactions are causing the interfacial flows which drive the self-propulsion. While the palette of reactions is extending constantly, especially toward more bio-compatible fuels, the depletion of species is often overlooked. Here, the photodeposition of metal species on BiVO4 micro swimmers is considered. During the photodeposition reaction, metal ions are removed from the solution creating a depleted region around the particle. The ability of this depletion to drive active motion of artificial micro swimmers, as well as the influences of different metal ions and counter ions on the motion are investigated and cross compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wittmann
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Simmchen
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Pure and applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1BX, UK
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Huang Y, Guo J, Li Y, Li H, Fan DE. 2D-Material-Integrated Micromachines: Competing Propulsion Strategy and Enhanced Bacterial Disinfection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203082. [PMID: 35656917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D transition-metal-dichalcogenide materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) have received immense interest owing to their remarkable structure-endowed electronic, catalytic, and mechanical properties for applications in optoelectronics, energy storage, and wearable devices. However, 2D materials have been rarely explored in the field of micro/nanomachines, motors, and robots. Here, MoS2 with anatase TiO2 is successfully integrated into an original one-side-open hollow micromachine, which demonstrates increased light absorption of TiO2 -based micromachines to the visible region and the first observed motion acceleration in response to ionic media. Both experimentation and theoretical analysis suggest the unique type-II bandgap alignment of MoS2 /TiO2 heterojunction that accounts for the observed unique locomotion owing to a competing propulsion mechanism. Furthermore, by leveraging the chemical properties of MoS2 /TiO2 , the micromachines achieve sunlight-powered water disinfection with 99.999% Escherichia coli lysed in an hour. This research suggests abundant opportunities offered by 2D materials in the creation of a new class of micro/nanomachines and robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jianhe Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yufan Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Huaizhi Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Wittmann M, Heckel S, Wurl F, Xiao Z, Gemming T, Strassner T, Simmchen J. Microswimming by oxidation of dibenzylamine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4052-4055. [PMID: 35262114 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06976d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemiophoretic nano- and micromotors require a constant flow of product molecules to maintain a gradient that enables their propulsion. Apart from a smaller number of redox reactions that have been used, catalytic reactions are the main source of energy with the obvious benefit of making on-board fuel storage obsolete. However, the decomposition of H2O2 seems to strongly dominate the literature and although motion in H2O through water splitting is becoming more popular, so far only a few different reactions have been used for propulsion of photocatalytic microswimmers. Here, we investigate the possibility of extending the range of possible fuelling reactions to organic reactions with high significance in organic synthesis - the oxidation of amines to imines. Herein, motion of the microswimmers is analysed at different amine concentrations and light intensities. The findings thereof are correlated with the reaction products identified and quantified by gas chromatography (GC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wittmann
- Freigeist Group, Physical Chemistry TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden 01062, Germany.
| | - Sandra Heckel
- Freigeist Group, Physical Chemistry TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden 01062, Germany.
| | - Felix Wurl
- Physical Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Zuyao Xiao
- Freigeist Group, Physical Chemistry TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden 01062, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physical Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Freigeist Group, Physical Chemistry TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden 01062, Germany.
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Wang L, Borrelli M, Simmchen J. Self‐Asymmetric Yolk–Shell Photocatalytic ZnO Micromotors. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Mino Borrelli
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry TU Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
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