1
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Phelps J, Kumar R, Robinson JD, Chu JCK, Flodén NJ, Beaton S, Gaunt MJ. Multicomponent Synthesis of α-Branched Amines via a Zinc-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9045-9062. [PMID: 38488310 PMCID: PMC10996026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of α-branched alkylamines are important due to their ubiquity in biologically active molecules. Despite the development of many methods for amine preparation, C(sp3)-rich nitrogen-containing compounds continue to pose challenges for synthesis. While carbonyl reductive amination (CRA) between ketones and alkylamines is the cornerstone method for α-branched alkylamine synthesis, it is sometimes limited by the sterically demanding condensation step between dialkyl ketones and amines and the more restricted availability of ketones compared to aldehydes. We recently reported a "higher-order" variant of this transformation, carbonyl alkylative amination (CAA), which utilized a halogen atom transfer (XAT)-mediated radical mechanism, enabling the streamlined synthesis of complex α-branched alkylamines. Despite the efficacy of this visible-light-driven approach, it displayed scalability issues, and competitive reductive amination was a problem for certain substrate classes, limiting applicability. Here, we report a change in the reaction regime that expands the CAA platform through the realization of an extremely broad zinc-mediated CAA reaction. This new strategy enabled elimination of competitive CRA, simplified purification, and improved reaction scope. Furthermore, this new reaction harnessed carboxylic acid derivatives as alkyl donors and facilitated the synthesis of α-trialkyl tertiary amines, which cannot be accessed via CRA. This Zn-mediated CAA reaction can be carried out at a variety of scales, from a 10 μmol setup in microtiter plates enabling high-throughput experimentation, to the gram-scale synthesis of medicinally-relevant compounds. We believe that this transformation enables robust, efficient, and economical access to α-branched alkylamines and provides a viable alternative to the current benchmark methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils J. Flodén
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Beaton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Du Y, Li Q, Wang T, Wang YQ. Enantioselective Synthesis of Biphenyl-Bridged ϵ-Sultams by Organocatalytic Mannich Reactions of Cyclic N-Sulfonylimines with Unactivated Ketones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302904. [PMID: 37936501 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective Mannich reaction of biphenyl-bridged seven-membered cyclic N-sulfonylimines with methyl alkyl ketones is disclosed in this study. The reaction was performed under organocatalysis by using a quinine-derived primary amine as the catalyst in combination with a Brønsted acid as the co-catalyst. High yields (up to 89 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee) were observed. For methyl alkyl ketones containing a larger alkyl substituent, specific regioselective addition to the C=N bond is favored at the methyl group. On the contrary, ketones containing a smaller alkyl substituent or hydroxyacetone substrates gave major syn selective Mannich products at the methylene group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and, Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and, Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and, Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - You-Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and, Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
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3
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Xu C, Nader P, Xavier J, Captain B, Takenaka N. Evaluation of helicene-derived 2,2'-bipyridine N-monoxide catalyst for the enantioselective propargylation of N-acylhydrazones with allenyltrichlorosilane. Tetrahedron 2023; 141:133496. [PMID: 37790873 PMCID: PMC10545348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicene-derived 2,2'-bipyridine N-monoxide was evaluated as a Lewis base catalyst for the enantioselective propargylation of N-acylhydrazones with allenyltrichlorosilane. The helicene-derived catalyst provided moderate-to-good reactivity and enantioselectivity for a range of acylhydrazones. This study represents the first example of the catalytic asymmetric propargylation of non-activated acylhydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Xu
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Phillip Nader
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Jonathan Xavier
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Burjor Captain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Norito Takenaka
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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4
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Xu Y, Wang J, Deng GJ, Shao W. Recent advances in the synthesis of chiral α-tertiary amines via transition-metal catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4099-4114. [PMID: 36919669 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The significance of chiral α-tertiary amines in medicinal chemistry and drug development has been unquestionably established in the last few decades. α-Tertiary amines are attractive structural motifs for natural products, bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals and are preclinical candidates. Their syntheses have been the focus of intensive research, and the development of new methods has continued to attract more and more attention. In this review, we present the progress in the last decade in the development of synthetic methods for the assembly of chiral ATAs via transition-metal catalysis. To date, the effective approaches in this area could be categorized into three strategies: enantioselective direct and indirect Mannich addition to ketimines; umpolung asymmetric alkylation of imine derivatives; and asymmetric C-N cross-coupling of tertiary alkyl electrophiles. Several related developing strategies for the synthesis of ATAs, such as hydroamination of alkenes, HAT amination approaches and the C-C coupling of α-aminoalkyl fragments, are also described in this article. These strategies have emerged as attractive C-C and C-N bond-forming protocols for enantioselective construction of chiral α-tertiary amines, and to some extent are complementary to each other, showing the prospect of application in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhuo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Shao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
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5
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Suzuki H, Kondo S, Yamada K, Matsuda T. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Reductive Mannich-type Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids to Ketimines: A Direct Entry to Unprotected β 2,3,3 -Amino Acids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202575. [PMID: 36341524 PMCID: PMC10107894 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective construction of unprotected β-amino acids is a significant challenge owing to the lack of methods for the catalytic generation of highly enantioenriched carboxylic acid enolates. In this study, a novel copper-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective reductive Mannich-type reaction of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids was developed, which provides a direct and scalable synthetic method for enantioenriched β2,3,3 -amino acids with vicinal stereogenic centers. The protocol features in situ generation of transiently protected carboxylic acids by a hydrosilane and their diastereo- and enantioselective reductive coupling with ketimines. The synthetic utility of this process was demonstrated by a gram-scale reaction and the transformation of β-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagrazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sora Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagrazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagrazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagrazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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6
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Goswami P, Cho SY, Park JH, Kim WH, Kim HJ, Shin MH, Bae HY. Efficient access to general α-tertiary amines via water-accelerated organocatalytic multicomponent allylation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2702. [PMID: 35577799 PMCID: PMC9110412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A tetrasubstituted carbon atom connected by three sp3 or sp2-carbons with single nitrogen, i.e., the α-tertiary amine (ATA) functional group, is an essential structure of diverse naturally occurring alkaloids and pharmaceuticals. The synthetic approach toward ATA structures is intricate, therefore, a straightforward catalytic method has remained a substantial challenge. Here we show an efficient water-accelerated organocatalytic method to directly access ATA incorporating homoallylic amine structures by exploiting readily accessible general ketones as useful starting material. The synergistic action of a hydrophobic Brønsted acid in combination with a squaramide hydrogen-bonding donor under aqueous condition enabled the facile formation of the desired moiety. The developed exceptionally mild but powerful system facilitated a broad substrate scope, and enabled efficient multi-gram scalability. The α-tertiary amine functional group is an essential structure of diverse naturally occurring alkaloids and pharmaceuticals. Here the authors show an efficient water-accelerated organocatalytic method to access α-tertiary amines incorporating homoallylic amine structures by exploiting ketones as useful starting material.
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7
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Torán R, Puchán D, Sanz-Marco A, Vila C, Pedro JR, Blay G. Organocatalytic enantioselective Mannich reaction of isoxazol-5(4 H)-ones to isatin-derived ketimines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8395-8399. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01692c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An efficient organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction between isoxazol-5(4H)-ones and isatin-derived ketimines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Torán
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Dario Puchán
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
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8
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Choi SM, Kim KD, Park JU, Xuan Z, Kim JH. Pd-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclic ketimines and trimethylenemethanes toward N-fused pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary carbon. RSC Adv 2022; 12:785-789. [PMID: 35425099 PMCID: PMC8978666 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08579d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-sulfonyl cyclic ketimines and trimethylenemethanes (TMM) was developed that afforded N-fused pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary carbon. Under mild reaction conditions, structurally diverse N-sulfonyl cyclic imines, including sulfamate-fused aldimines, aryl- or styryl-substituted sulfamate-derived ketimines, and N-sulfonyl cyclic ketimines, were tolerated as reactants, affording N-fused pyrrolidines with high efficiency. A facile route to access N-fused pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary carbon from N-sulfonyl ketimines and commercially available trimethylenemethanes has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Mi Choi
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyeong Do Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong-Un Park
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
| | - Zi Xuan
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828, Jinju, Korea
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9
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Morimoto H. Development of Greener Catalytic Synthetic Methods of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Using <i>N</i>-Unprotected Ketimines. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Sun S, Reep C, Zhang C, Captain B, Peverati R, Takenaka N. Design and synthesis of 3,3'-triazolyl biisoquinoline N, N'-dioxides via Hiyama cross-coupling of 4-trimethylsilyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 81. [PMID: 34924634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy to effectively lock the conformation of substituents at the 3,3'-positions of axial-chiral biisoquinoline N,N'-dioxides was developed based on the strong dipole-dipole interaction between 1,2,3-triazole and pyridine N-oxide rings. The crystal structure and the DFT calculations of 3,3'-bis(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-1,1'-biisoquinoline N,N'-dioxide (3a) provided strong support for this strategy. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated that readily available 4-trimethylsilyl-1,2,3-triazoles are viable nucleophiles for Hiyama cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Sun
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975, United States
| | - Carlyn Reep
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975, United States
| | - Chenrui Zhang
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975, United States
| | - Burjor Captain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Roberto Peverati
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975, United States
| | - Norito Takenaka
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975, United States
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11
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Evaluation of 3,3′-Triazolyl Biisoquinoline N,N′-Dioxide Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Hydrazones with Trichlorosilane. Catalysts 2021; 11. [PMID: 36285183 PMCID: PMC9589403 DOI: 10.3390/catal11091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of axial-chiral biisoquinoline
N,N′-dioxides was evaluated as
catalysts for the enantioselective hydrosilylation of acyl hydrazones with
trichlorosilane. While these catalysts provided poor to moderate reactivity and
enantioselectivity, this study represents the first example of the
organocatalytic asymmetric reduction of acyl hydrazones. In addition, the
structures and energies of two possible diastereomeric
catalyst–trichlorosilane complexes
(2a–HSiCl3) were analyzed using density
functional theory calculations.
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