1
|
Günther M, Imhof W. Highly selective solid-liquid extraction of microplastic mixtures as a pre-preparation tool for quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39373111 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite various developments in the application of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy toward microplastics in recent years, this method still lacks suitable sample preparation and fractionation procedures. As this poses a crucial obstacle for its utilisation on environmental samples, which contain various mixtures of polymers along with other matrix substances, this research aims to address this missing link by presenting an easy-to-apply procedure based on common laboratory equipment. The process selectively separates microplastics from inorganic constituents while performing the necessary fractionation of different types of microplastics prior to qNMR analysis. It allows subsequent quantification of polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene rubber (BR), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) from a single sample, establishing recovery rates greater than 88% for all tested polymer types. Additionally, we extended our previous qNMR protocol to include two common polymer types: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), achieving limits of detection down to 1.76 μg ml-1 and 12.53 μg ml-1 as well as limits of quantification down to 5.88 μg ml-1 and 41.78 μg ml-1, respectively. Thus, the qNMR method presented herein is now applicable to eight abundant polymer types, allowing the quantification of up to three different types simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Günther
- Institute of Integrated Natural Sciences, University Koblenz, Universitätsstr. 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Imhof
- Institute of Integrated Natural Sciences, University Koblenz, Universitätsstr. 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eltayeb S, Carroll LL, Dippel L, Mostaghimi M, Riedel W, Moskaleva LV, Risse T. Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Methyl Formate on Gold: The Role of Low-Coordinated Sites Revealed by Isothermal Pulsed Molecular Beam Experiments and AIMD Simulations. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:14978-14988. [PMID: 39291271 PMCID: PMC11403654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c03959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of low-coordinated sites in the partial methanol oxidation to methyl formate (MeFo), the isothermal reactivity of flat Au(111) and stepped Au(332) in pulsed molecular beam experiments was compared for a broad range of reaction conditions. Low-coordinated step sites were found to enhance MeFo selectivity, especially at low coverage conditions, as found at higher temperatures. The analysis of the transient kinetics provides evidence for the essential role of Au x O y phases for MeFo formation and the complex interplay of different oxygen species for the observed selectivity. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations yielded microscopic insights in the formation of Au x O y phases on flat and stepped gold surfaces emphasizing the role of low-coordinated sites in their formation. Moreover, associated surface restructuring provides atomic-scale insights which align with the experimentally observed transient kinetics in MeFo formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Eltayeb
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenard L Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Institute of Fundamental Physics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lukas Dippel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mersad Mostaghimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wiebke Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lyudmila V Moskaleva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Thomas Risse
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sau A, Mahapatra D, Maji A, Dey S, Roy A, Kundu S. Methyl Formate, an Alternative Transfer Hydrogenating Agent for Chemoselective Reduction of N-Heteroarenes and Azoarenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4486-4491. [PMID: 38770879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The search for efficient molecular hydrogen precursors and their catalytic exploration is necessary for the evolution of catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Methyl formate (MF) having high hydrogen content still remains unexplored for such transformations. Herein, we disclosed a bifunctional Ir(III)-complex catalyzed chemoselective TH protocol for N-heteroarenes and azoarenes using MF. A variety of substrates including ten bioactive molecules have been synthesized under mild reaction conditions. A probable mechanistic pathway was proposed based on control experiments and mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Divya Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ankur Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sadhan Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Arkamitra Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eltayeb S, Carroll LL, Dippel L, Mostaghimi M, Riedel W, Moskaleva LV, Risse T. Partial Oxidation of Methanol on Gold: How Selectivity Is Steered by Low-Coordinated Sites. ACS Catal 2024; 14:7901-7906. [PMID: 38779185 PMCID: PMC11106737 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Partial methanol oxidation proceeds with high selectivity to methyl formate (MeFo) on nanoporous gold (npAu) catalysts. As low-coordinated sites on npAu were suggested to affect the selectivity, we experimentally investigated their role in the isothermal selectivity for flat Au(111) and stepped Au(332) model surfaces using a molecular beam approach under well-defined conditions. Direct comparison shows that steps enhance desired MeFo formation and lower undesired overoxidation. DFT calculations reveal differences in oxygen distribution that enhance the barriers to overoxidation at steps. Thus, these results provide an atomic-level understanding of factors controlling the complex reaction network on gold catalysts, such as npAu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Eltayeb
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenard L. Carroll
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Lukas Dippel
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mersad Mostaghimi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wiebke Riedel
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lyudmila V. Moskaleva
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Thomas Risse
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide in the Liquid Phase: Influence of the Synthetic Methods on Characteristics and Activity of Hydrogenation Catalysts. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenate fuels are a promising solution to urban air pollution, reducing soot emissions by big margins. Formaldehyde is a major building block for the synthesis of oxygen-rich fuels. Herein we report the synthesis, characterisation and testing of ruthenium on alumina catalysts for the methanol-mediated CO hydrogenation towards oxygenates with the formaldehyde oxidation state. We varied the synthesis parameters and could see interesting correlation between synthesis parameters, final metal loading, crystallite sizes and catalyst activity. The catalysts were tested in a high-pressure three-folded reactor plant in the CO hydrogenation in methanolic media. Interesting relationships between catalyst synthesis, structure and activity could be gained from these experiments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Walter JP. Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Green Oxygenates – Feasibility Study of Fixed‐Bed and Membrane Reactors. CHEM-ING-TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Walter
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Institute of Process Engineering Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Co-Production of Methanol and Methyl Formate via Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 over Promoted Cu/ZnO Catalyst Supported on Al2O3 and SBA-15. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu/ZnO catalysts promoted with Mn, Nb and Zr, in a 1:1:1 ration, and supported on Al2O3 (CZMNZA) and SBA-15 (CZMNZS) were synthesized using an impregnation method. The catalytic performance of methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at 250 °C, 22.5 bar, GHSV 10,800 mL/g·h and H2/CO2 ratio of 3. The CZMNZA catalyst resulted in higher CO2 conversion and MeOH selectivity of 7.22% and 32.10%, respectively, despite having a lower BET surface area and pore volume compared to CZMNZS. Methyl formate is the major product obtained over both types of catalysts. The CZMNZA is a promising catalyst for co-producing methanol and methyl formate via the CO2 hydrogenation reaction.
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang K, Xu N, Liu B, Zhang P, Yang G, Guo H, Bai P, Wang C, Mintova S. Crystalline Microporous MoVBiO Polyoxometalates for Indirect Oxidation of Methanol to Methyl Formate: Effects of Organic Additives on Crystals Size and Catalytic Performance. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- China University of Petroleum Huadong - Qingdao Campus College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering changjiang west street 266580 Qsingdao CHINA
| | - Ningkun Xu
- China University of Petroleum Huadong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Bin Liu
- China University of Petroleum Huadong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Peihua Zhang
- China University of Petroleum Huadong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ge Yang
- China University of Petroleum Huadong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hailing Guo
- China University of Petroleum Huadong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Peng Bai
- China University of Petroleum Huadong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chunzheng Wang
- China University of Petroleum Huadong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Svetlana Mintova
- ENSICAEN - Universit� de Caen - CNRS Laboratoire Catalyse & Spectrochimie 6 boulevard Mar�chal Juin 14050 Caen FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao X, Zhang J, Song F, Zhang Q, Han Y, Tan Y. Selective oxidation conversion of methanol/dimethyl ether. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4687-4699. [PMID: 35302128 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As important platform compounds, methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) are vital bridges between the coal chemical, petrochemical and fine chemical industries. At present, the synthesis of methanol/DME has been industrialized, and the production capacity is much larger than the market demand. Therefore, the conversion of methanol/DME into more valuable chemicals is an important and significant topic. The synthesis of high value-added oxygenated chemicals and diesel oil additives from methanol/DME by an oxidation method has attracted substantial attention due to it being green and environmentally friendly and having good atom economy. In this feature article, we have summarized the recent advances in the synthesis of formaldehyde, methyl formate, dimethoxymethane, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers, from the selective oxidation of methanol/DME, and further discussed the adsorption and activation of reactant molecules, selective cleavage of C-O, C-H or O-H bonds in methanol/DME molecules and the C-O chain growth in the target products. In the end, major challenges and future prospects are proposed from the viewpoint of catalyst design and application. It is expected that this feature article will provide theoretical guidance for the activation and cleavage of C-O, C-H, or O-H bonds in other small molecules of alcohol/ether as well as low-carbon alkanes, so as to synthesize high value-added chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Faen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Qingde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China. .,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yizhuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Yisheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Transfer hydrogenation of methyl levulinate with methanol to gamma valerolactone over Cu-ZrO2: A sustainable approach to liquid fuels. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
11
|
Feldt CD, Albrecht PA, Eltayeb S, Riedel W, Risse T. Heterogeneity of oxygen reactivity: key for selectivity of partial methanol oxidation on gold surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4336-4339. [PMID: 35290427 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence for low-temperature oxidation of methyl formate on Au(332) may affect the selectivity of gold catalysts during partial oxidation of methanol. Under isothermal conditions, overoxidation of methyl formate is significantly slower than methanol oxidation which can be attributed to special oxygen species required for overoxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Feldt
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Paul A Albrecht
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Salma Eltayeb
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Risse
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Feasibility Study of the Conversion of Petrochemical Off-Gas Streams to Methanol Over CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|