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Huggias S, Serradell MDLÁ, Azcárate JC, Casella ML, Peruzzo PJ, Bolla PA. Catalytic Performance in Nitroarene Reduction of Nanocatalyst Based on Noble Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Polymer/s-Layer Protein Hybrids. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38646680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel bionanocatalyst fabricated by the adsorption-reduction of metal ions on a polyurethane/S-layer protein biotemplate. The bioinspired support was obtained by the adsorption of S-layer proteins (isolated from Lentilactobacillus kefiri) on polyurethane particles. Silver and platinum nanoparticles were well-loaded on the surface of the support after the combination with metallic salts and reduction with H2 at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the strawberry-like morphology of the bionanocatalysts with a particle size, dn, of 2.39 nm for platinum and 9.60 nm for silver. Both systems catalyzed the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol with high efficiency in water at mild conditions in the presence of NaBH4. Three different amounts of bionanocatalyst were tested, and in all cases, conversions between 97 and 99% were observed. The catalysts displayed excellent recyclability over ten cycles, and no extensive damage in their nanostructure was noted after them. The bionanocatalysts were stable during their production, storage, and use, thanks to the fact that the biosupport provides an effective driving force in the formation and stabilization of the metallic nanoparticles. The successful bioinspired production strategy and the good catalytic ability of the systems are encouraging in the search for nontoxic, simple, clean, and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis and exploitation of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Huggias
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" - CINDECA (UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata), Calle 47 No 257, La Plata B1900AJK, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Julio C Azcárate
- Centro Atómico Bariloche (CAB), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica - CONICET, Avda. E. Bustillo km 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche R8402AGP, Argentina
| | - Mónica L Casella
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" - CINDECA (UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata), Calle 47 No 257, La Plata B1900AJK, Argentina
| | - Pablo J Peruzzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas - INIFTA (UNLP - CONICET CCT La Plata), Diag. 113 y 64, La Plata B1904DPIB1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Patricia A Bolla
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" - CINDECA (UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata), Calle 47 No 257, La Plata B1900AJK, Argentina
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2
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Ma Y, Nagy G, Siebenbürger M, Kaur R, Dooley KM, Bharti B. Adsorption and Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Silica: Effect of Pore Size and Dispersion Salinity. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:2531-2541. [PMID: 35178138 PMCID: PMC8842498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The assembled state of nanoparticles (NPs) within porous matrices plays a governing role in directing their biological, electronic, and catalytic properties. However, the effects of the spatial confinement and environmental factors, such as salinity, on the NP assemblies within the pores are poorly understood. In this study, we use adsorption isotherms, spectrophotometry, and small-angle neutron scattering to develop a better understanding of the effect of spatial confinement on the assembled state and catalytic performance of gold (Au) NPs in propylamine-functionalized SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous silica materials (mSiO2). We carry out a detailed investigation of the effect of pore diameter and ionic strength on the packing and spatial distribution of AuNPs within mSiO2 to get a comprehensive insight into the structure, functioning, and activity of these NPs. We demonstrate the ability of the adsorbed AuNPs to withstand aggregation under high salinity conditions. We attribute the observed preservation of the adsorbed state of AuNPs to the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged pore walls and AuNPs. The preservation of the structure allows the AuNPs to retain their catalytic activity for a model reaction in high salinity aqueous solution, here, the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol, which otherwise is significantly diminished due to bulk aggregation of the AuNPs. This fundamental study demonstrates the critical role of confinement and dispersion salinity on the adsorption and catalytic performance of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Ma
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Miriam Siebenbürger
- Center
for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Life
and Physical Science Department, Ivy Tech
Community College of Indiana, Valparaiso, Indiana 46360, United States
| | - Kerry M. Dooley
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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3
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Thiel TA, Zhang X, Radhakrishnan B, van de Krol R, Abdi FF, Schroeter M, Schomäcker R, Schwarze M. Kinetic investigation of para-nitrophenol reduction with photodeposited platinum nanoparticles onto tunicate cellulose. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30860-30870. [PMID: 36349035 PMCID: PMC9614613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodeposition is a specific method for depositing metallic co-catalysts onto photocatalysts and was applied for immobilizing platinum nanoparticles onto cellulose, a photocatalytically inactive biopolymer. The obtained Pt@cellulose catalysts show narrow and well-dispersed nanoparticles with average sizes between 2 and 5 nm, whereby loading, size and distribution depend on the preparation conditions. The catalysts were investigated for the hydrogenation of para-nitrophenol via transfer hydrogenation using sodium borohydride as the hydrogen source, and the reaction rate constant was determined using the pseudo-first-order reaction rate law. The Pt@cellulose catalysts are catalytically active with rate constant values k from 0.09 × 10−3 to 0.43 × 10−3 min−1, which were higher than the rate constant of a commercial Pt@Al2O3 catalyst (k = 0.09 × 10−3 min−1). Additionally, the Pt@cellulose catalyst can be used for electrochemical hydrogenation of para-nitrophenol where the hydrogen is electrocatalytically formed. The electrochemical hydrogenation is faster compared to the transfer hydrogenation (k = 0.11 min−1). Modified cellulose (ModCe) was used in a photodeposition process as a support material for platinum nanoparticles. The supported catalysts were investigated for the transfer hydrogenation of para-nitrophenol (PNP) to para-aminophenol (PAP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Thiel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, TC8, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - X. Zhang
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Radhakrishnan
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - R. van de Krol
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - F. F. Abdi
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Schroeter
- Institute for Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - R. Schomäcker
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, TC8, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Schwarze
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, TC8, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Rajeev R, Datta R, Varghese A, Sudhakar Y, George L. Recent advances in bimetallic based nanostructures: Synthesis and electrochemical sensing applications. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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5
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Pt-Co3O4 Superstructures by One-Pot Reduction/Precipitation in Bicontinuous Microemulsion for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicontinuous microemulsions (BCME) were used to synthesize hierarchical superstructures (HSs) of Pt-Co3O4 by reduction/precipitation. BCMEs possess water and oil nanochannels, and therefore, both hydrophilic and lipophilic precursors can be used. Thus, PtAq-CoAq, PtAq-CoOi, PtOi-CoAq and PtOi-CoOi were prepared (where Aq and Oi stand for the precursor present in aqueous or oily phase, respectively). The characterization of the Pt-Co3O4-HS confirmed the formation of metallic Pt and Co3O4 whose composition and morphology are controlled by the initial pH and precursor combination, determining the presence of the reducing/precipitant species in the reaction media. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pt-Co3O4-HSs for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was investigated using linear sweep voltammetry in 0.1 M KOH and compared with Pt-HS. The lowest onset overpotentials for Pt-Co3O4-Hs were achieved with PtOi-CoOi (1.46 V vs. RHE), while the lowest overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 (η10) was obtained for the PtAq-CoAq (381 mV). Tafel slopes were 102, 89, 157 and 92 mV dec−1, for PtAq-CoAq, PtAq-CoOi, PtOi-CoAq and PtOi-CoOi, respectively. The Pt-Co3O4-HSs showed a better performance than Pt-HS. Our work shows that the properties and performance of metal–metal oxide HSs obtained in BCMEs depend on the phases in which the precursors are present.
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Tojo C, Buceta D, López-Quintela MA. On the minimum reactant concentration required to prepare Au/M core-shell nanoparticles by the one-pot microemulsion route. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe minimum reactant concentration required to synthesize Au/M (M = Ag, Pt, Pd, Ru …) core-shell nanoparticles by the one-pot microemulsion route was calculated by a simulation model under different synthesis conditions. This minimum concentration was proved to depend on the reduction potential of the slower metal M and on the rigidity of the surfactant film composing the microemulsion. Model results were tested by comparing with Au/M nanoparticles taken from literature. In all cases, experimental data obey model predictions. From this agreement, one can conclude that the smaller the standard potential of the slower reduction metal, the lower the minimum concentration needed to obtain core-shell nanoparticles. In addition, the higher the surfactant flexibility, the higher the minimum concentration to synthesize metal segregated nanoparticles. Model prediction allows to quantify which is the best value of concentration to prepare different pairs of core-shell Au/M nanoparticles in terms of nature of M metal in the couple and microemulsion composition. This outlook may become an advanced tool for fine-tuning Au/M nanostructures.Graphical Abstract:
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Tojo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia E-36310, Spain
| | - D. Buceta
- Facultade de Quimica, Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Nanotecnología, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,GaliciaE-15782, Spain
| | - M. A. López-Quintela
- Facultade de Quimica, Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Nanotecnología, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,GaliciaE-15782, Spain
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Kowacz M, Warszyński P. Beyond esterase-like activity of serum albumin. Histidine-(nitro)phenol radical formation in conversion cascade of p
-nitrophenyl acetate and the role of infrared light. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2780. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowacz
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences; Krakow Poland
| | - Piotr Warszyński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences; Krakow Poland
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Tojo C, Buceta D, López-Quintela MA. Synthesis of Pt/M (M = Au, Rh) Nanoparticles in Microemulsions: Controlling the Metal Distribution in Pt/M Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concha Tojo
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - David Buceta
- Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Nanotecnología, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Arturo López-Quintela
- Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Nanotecnología, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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9
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Alegria ECBA, Ribeiro APC, Mendes M, Ferraria AM, do Rego AMB, Pombeiro AJL. Effect of Phenolic Compounds on the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and its Catalytic Activity in the Reduction of Nitro Compounds. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050320. [PMID: 29748502 PMCID: PMC5977334 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using an eco-friendly approach in a single step by reduction of HAuCl4 with polyphenols from tea extracts, which act as both reducing and capping agents. The obtained AuNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). They act as highly efficient catalysts in the reduction of various aromatic nitro compounds in aqueous solution. The effects of a variety of factors (e.g., reaction time, type and amount of reducing agent, shape, size, or amount of AuNPs) were studied towards the optimization of the processes. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined before and after the catalytic reaction and the results are discussed in terms of the tea extract percentage, the size of the AuNPs, and their catalytic activity. The reusability of the AuNP catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol was also tested. The reactions follow pseudo first-order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete C B A Alegria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Chemical Engineering Departament, ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana P C Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marta Mendes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Chemical Engineering Departament, ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Ferraria
- CQFM-Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Botelho do Rego
- CQFM-Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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10
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Rahman M, Alam MM, Asiri AM. 2-Nitrophenol sensor-based wet-chemically prepared binary doped Co3O4/Al2O3 nanosheets by an electrochemical approach. RSC Adv 2018; 8:960-970. [PMID: 35538940 PMCID: PMC9077016 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10866d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the wet-chemical process (co-precipitation) was used to prepare nanosheets (NSs) of Co3O4/Al2O3 in an alkaline medium (pH ∼ 10.5). The synthesized NSs were totally characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV/vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized NSs were deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to prepare a very thin layer with a conducting binder for detecting 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) selectively by a reliable electrochemical method. The proposed chemical sensor exhibits good sensitivity (54.9842 μA μM−1 cm−2), long-term stability, and enhanced chemical response by electrochemical approaches. The resultant current is found to be linear over the concentration range (LDR) from 0.01 nM to 0.01 mM. The estimated detection limit (DL) is equal to 1.73 ± 0.02 pM. This study introduces a potential route for future sensitive sensor development with Co3O4/Al2O3 NSs by an electrochemical approach for the selective detection of hazardous and carcinogenic chemicals in environmental and health care fields. This potential research work introduces a route of future sensitive sensor development with Co3O4/Al2O3 NSs by electrochemical approach to selective detection of hazardous and carcinogenic chemicals in environmental and health care fields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department
- King Abdulaziz University
- Faculty of Science
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - M. M. Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science
- Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
- Sylhet 3100
- Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department
- King Abdulaziz University
- Faculty of Science
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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11
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On Metal Segregation of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts Prepared by a One-Pot Method in Microemulsions. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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KIM GW, HA JW. Platinum-coated Core-Shell Gold Nanorods as Multifunctional Orientation Sensors in Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1021-1025. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geun Wan KIM
- Advanced Nano Bio Imaging and Spectroscopy (ANBIS) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan
| | - Ji Won HA
- Advanced Nano Bio Imaging and Spectroscopy (ANBIS) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan
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13
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Tavasoli A, Kiai RM, Karimi A. Effects of particle size on the catalytic performance of MWCNTs supported alkalized MoS2catalysts promoted by Ni and Co in higher alcohols synthesis. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tavasoli
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Rohollah M. Kiai
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry; P.O.Box 18745 4163 Tehran Iran
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14
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Lee SY, Ha JW. Characterizing the optical properties of single palladium-coated core–shell gold nanorods as multifunctional orientation probes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32682-32685. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic core–shell gold nanorods are promising multifunctional orientation probes due to the synergetic effect of two different metals, as examined under an optical microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Lee
- Advanced Nano Bio Imaging and Spectroscopy (ANBIS) Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- South Korea
| | - Ji Won Ha
- Advanced Nano Bio Imaging and Spectroscopy (ANBIS) Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- South Korea
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