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Desmons S, Bonin J, Robert M, Bontemps S. Four-electron reduction of CO 2: from formaldehyde and acetal synthesis to complex transformations. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02888k. [PMID: 39246334 PMCID: PMC11376136 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02888k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansive and dynamic field of the CO2 Reduction Reaction (CO2RR) seeks to harness CO2 as a sustainable carbon source or energy carrier. While significant progress has been made in two, six, and eight-electron reductions of CO2, the four-electron reduction remains understudied. This review fills this gap, comprehensively exploring CO2 reduction into formaldehyde (HCHO) or acetal-type compounds (EOCH2OE, with E = [Si], [B], [Zr], [U], [Y], [Nb], [Ta] or -R) using various CO2RR systems. These encompass (photo)electro-, bio-, and thermal reduction processes with diverse reductants. Formaldehyde, a versatile C1 product, is challenging to synthesize and isolate from the CO2RR. The review also discusses acetal compounds, emphasizing their significance as pathways to formaldehyde with distinct reactivity. Providing an overview of the state of four-electron CO2 reduction, this review highlights achievements, challenges, and the potential of the produced compounds - formaldehyde and acetals - as sustainable sources for valuable product synthesis, including chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Desmons
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
| | - Julien Bonin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Sébastien Bontemps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
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2
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Li XY, Zhu ZL, Dagnaw FW, Yu JR, Wu ZX, Chen YJ, Zhou MH, Wang T, Tong QX, Jian JX. Silicon photocathode functionalized with osmium complex catalyst for selective catalytic conversion of CO 2 to methane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5882. [PMID: 39003268 PMCID: PMC11246507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven CO2 reduction to yield high-value chemicals presents an appealing avenue for combating climate change, yet achieving selective production of specific products remains a significant challenge. We showcase two osmium complexes, przpOs, and trzpOs, as CO2 reduction catalysts for selective CO2-to-methane conversion. Kinetically, the przpOs and trzpOs exhibit high CO2 reduction catalytic rate constants of 0.544 and 6.41 s-1, respectively. Under AM1.5 G irradiation, the optimal Si/TiO2/trzpOs have CH4 as the main product and >90% Faradaic efficiency, reaching -14.11 mA cm-2 photocurrent density at 0.0 VRHE. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the N atoms on the bipyrazole and triazole ligands effectively stabilize the CO2-adduct intermediates, which tend to be further hydrogenated to produce CH4, leading to their ultrahigh CO2-to-CH4 selectivity. These results are comparable to cutting-edge Si-based photocathodes for CO2 reduction, revealing a vast research potential in employing molecular catalysts for the photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2 to methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | | | - Jie-Rong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xing Wu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, SE, 60174, Sweden
| | - Yi-Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Mu-Han Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China.
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China.
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3
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Zhu C, D'Agostino C, de Visser SP. Mechanism of CO 2 Reduction to Methanol with H 2 on an Iron(II)-scorpionate Catalyst. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302832. [PMID: 37694535 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
CO2 utilization is an important process in the chemical industry with great environmental power. In this work we show how CO2 and H2 can be reacted to form methanol on an iron(II) center and highlight the bottlenecks for the reaction and what structural features of the catalyst are essential for efficient turnover. The calculations predict the reactions to proceed through three successive reaction cycles that start with heterolytic cleavage of H2 followed by sequential hydride and proton transfer processes. The H2 splitting process is an endergonic process and hence high pressures will be needed to overcome this step and trigger the hydrogenation reaction. Moreover, H2 cleavage into a hydride and proton requires a metal to bind hydride and a nearby source to bind the proton, such as an amide or pyrazolyl group, which the scorpionate ligand used here facilitates. As such the computations highlight the non-innocence of the ligand scaffold through proton shuttle from H2 to substrate as an important step in the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxu Zhu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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4
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Sen A, Ansari M, Rajaraman G. Mechanism of Hydroboration of CO 2 Using an Fe Catalyst: What Controls the Reactivity and Product Selectivity? Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3727-3737. [PMID: 36802517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations, various elementary steps in the mechanism of the reductive hydroboration of CO2 to two-electron-reduced boryl formate, four-electron-reduced bis(boryl)acetal, and six-electron-reduced methoxy borane by the [Fe(H)2(dmpe)2] catalyst were established. The replacement of hydride by oxygen ligation after the boryl formate insertion step is the rate-determining step. Our work unveils, for the first time, (i) how a substrate steers product selectivity in this reaction and (ii) the importance of configurational mixing in contracting the kinetic barrier heights. Based on the reaction mechanism established, we have further focused on the effect of other metals, such as Mn and Co, on rate-determining steps and on catalyst regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mursaleem Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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Zhao S, Liang H, Hu X, Li S, Daasbjerg K. Challenges and Prospects in the Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204008. [PMID: 36066469 PMCID: PMC9827866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a crucial C1 building block for daily-life commodities in a wide range of industrial processes. Industrial production of HCHO today is based on energy- and cost-intensive gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methanol, which calls for exploring other and more sustainable ways of carrying out this process. Utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as precursor presents a promising strategy to simultaneously mitigate the carbon footprint and alleviate environmental issues. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in CO2 -to-HCHO conversion using hydrogenation, hydroboration/hydrosilylation as well as photochemical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and enzymatic approaches. The active species, reaction intermediates, and mechanistic pathways are discussed to deepen the understanding of HCHO selectivity issues. Finally, shortcomings and prospects of the various strategies for sustainable reduction of CO2 to HCHO are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhao
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research CenterDepartment of Chemistry/Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Hong‐Qing Liang
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Xin‐Ming Hu
- Environment Research InstituteShandong UniversityBinhai Road 72Qingdao266237China
| | - Simin Li
- School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha410083P.R. China
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research CenterDepartment of Chemistry/Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
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Sancho-Sanz I, Korili S, Gil A. Catalytic valorization of CO 2 by hydrogenation: current status and future trends. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1968197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Sancho-Sanz
- INAMAT^2, Departamento De Ciencias, Edificio De Los Acebos, Universidad Pública De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S.A. Korili
- INAMAT^2, Departamento De Ciencias, Edificio De Los Acebos, Universidad Pública De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A. Gil
- INAMAT^2, Departamento De Ciencias, Edificio De Los Acebos, Universidad Pública De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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7
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Deng L, Liu X, Xu J, Zhou Z, Feng S, Wang Z, Xu M. Transfer hydrogenation of CO 2 into formaldehyde from aqueous glycerol heterogeneously catalyzed by Ru bound to LDH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5167-5170. [PMID: 33903867 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous glycerol was used in this study as a liquid-phase hydrogen source for the hydrogenation of CO2. It was found that hydrogen could be efficiently evolved from aqueous glycerol upon highly dispersed Ru on layered double hydroxide (LDH), inducing the transformation of CO2 into formaldehyde under base-free conditions at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Shixiang Feng
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Minghou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Paul S, Kao YL, Ni L, Ehnert R, Herrmann-Geppert I, van de Krol R, Stark RW, Jaegermann W, Kramm UI, Bogdanoff P. Influence of the Metal Center in M–N–C Catalysts on the CO2 Reduction Reaction on Gas Diffusion Electrodes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Paul
- Department of Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yi-Lin Kao
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingmei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rayko Ehnert
- Faculty of Computer and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumsplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany
| | - Iris Herrmann-Geppert
- Faculty of Computer and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumsplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert W. Stark
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike I. Kramm
- Department of Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Bogdanoff
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Rauch M, Strater Z, Parkin G. Selective Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde via a Bis(silyl)acetal: Incorporation of Isotopically Labeled C1 Moieties Derived from Carbon Dioxide into Organic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17754-17762. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zack Strater
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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10
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Yang L, Zhang Q, Gao J, Wang Y. Why Can Normal Palladium Catalysts Efficiently Mediate Aerobic C–H Hydroxylation of Arylpyridines by Intercepting Aldehyde Autoxidation? A Nascent Palladium(III)–Peracid Intermediate Makes a Difference. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4376-4384. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Chemical Biology and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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11
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Fermentation of dihydroxyacetone by engineered Escherichia coli and Klebsiella variicola to products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4381-4386. [PMID: 29632200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801002115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane can be converted to triose dihydroxyacetone (DHA) by chemical processes with formaldehyde as an intermediate. Carbon dioxide, a by-product of various industries including ethanol/butanol biorefineries, can also be converted to formaldehyde and then to DHA. DHA, upon entry into a cell and phosphorylation to DHA-3-phosphate, enters the glycolytic pathway and can be fermented to any one of several products. However, DHA is inhibitory to microbes due to its chemical interaction with cellular components. Fermentation of DHA to d-lactate by Escherichia coli strain TG113 was inefficient, and growth was inhibited by 30 g⋅L-1 DHA. An ATP-dependent DHA kinase from Klebsiella oxytoca (pDC117d) permitted growth of strain TG113 in a medium with 30 g⋅L-1 DHA, and in a fed-batch fermentation the d-lactate titer of TG113(pDC117d) was 580 ± 21 mM at a yield of 0.92 g⋅g-1 DHA fermented. Klebsiella variicola strain LW225, with a higher glucose flux than E. coli, produced 811 ± 26 mM d-lactic acid at an average volumetric productivity of 2.0 g-1⋅L-1⋅h-1 Fermentation of DHA required a balance between transport of the triose and utilization by the microorganism. Using other engineered E. coli strains, we also fermented DHA to succinic acid and ethanol, demonstrating the potential of converting CH4 and CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels by a combination of chemical/biological processes.
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12
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Hu X, Yang H, Guo M, Gao M, Zhang E, Tian H, Liang Z, Liu X. Synthesis and Characterization of (Cu, S) Co-doped SnO2
for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
to Formate at Low Overpotential. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Techonlogy; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Techonlogy; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Minmin Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Techonlogy; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Mengting Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Techonlogy; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Erhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Techonlogy; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Techonlogy; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Techonlogy; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan Normal University; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
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