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Jitrangsri K, Khaing EM, Intaraphairot T, Phaechamud T, Mahadlek J. Injectable Gamboge-Based In Situ Gel for Sustained Delivery of Imatinib Mesylate. Gels 2023; 9:737. [PMID: 37754418 PMCID: PMC10529659 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize the imatinib mesylate (IM)-loaded gamboge-based ISG system for local administration of an anticancer agent against colorectal carcinoma. The ISG formulations were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The physicochemical properties, drug release profile, and cytotoxicity of the developed formulations were assessed. The developed ISG demonstrated Newtonian flow behavior with acceptable rheological and mechanical properties. The viscosity of the developed ISG, measured at less than 80 cP, and the applied forces of less than 50 N·mm, indicated easy administration using clinical injection techniques. Upon contact with an aqueous phase, the ISG immediately formed a porous cross-sectional structure, enabling sustained release of IM over 14 days. The release profile of IM was fitted to the quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanism, and the release rate could be controlled by the types of solvent and the amount of IM content. The developed IM-loaded gamboge ISG effectively inhibited colorectal cancer cells, including HCT116 and HT29 cell lines, with less than 20% cell viability observed at a concentration of 1% w/w IM after 2 days of incubation. This suggests that the developed ISG may potentially serve as an injectable system for localized anticancer delivery against colorectal cells, potentially reducing the side effects of systemic chemotherapy and improving patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritamorn Jitrangsri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Srithammarat 80160, Thailand;
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
| | - Ei Mon Khaing
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Program of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Torsak Intaraphairot
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Program of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Jongjan Mahadlek
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Pharmaceutical Intellectual Center “Prachote Plengwittaya”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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2
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Imam H, Hill K, Reid A, Mix S, Marr PC, Marr AC. Supramolecular Ionic Liquid Gels for Enzyme Entrapment. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:6829-6837. [PMID: 37180026 PMCID: PMC10170508 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is an entrapment method for enzyme immobilization that does not require the formation of new covalent bonds. Ionic liquid supramolecular gels are formed containing enzymes that can be shaped into gel beads and act as recyclable immobilized biocatalysts. The gel was formed from two components, a hydrophobic phosphonium ionic liquid and a low molecular weight gelator derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. Gel-entrapped lipase from Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus was recycled for 10 runs over 3 days without loss of activity and retained activity for at least 150 days. The procedure does not form covalent bonds upon gel formation, which is supramolecular, and no bonds are formed between the enzyme and the solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan
T. Imam
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
| | - Kyle Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
| | - Andrew Reid
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
| | - Stefan Mix
- Department
of Biocatalysis, Almac Bioscience, Almac
Group, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT63 5QD
| | - Patricia C. Marr
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
- E-mail:
| | - Andrew C. Marr
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
- E-mail:
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3
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Screening for Astragalus hamosus Triterpenoid Saponins Using HPTLC Methods: Prior Identification of Azukisaponin Isomers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175376. [PMID: 36080144 PMCID: PMC9457977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their particular structural characteristics, the extraction and isolation of saponins from plants present a serious challenge. In this study, specific extraction protocols were first implemented to extract the secondary metabolites from Astragalus hamosus and, more precisely, the saponins. Subsequent purification of the extracts was based on a single chromatographic technique, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, applying two development systems: a one-step system that separated molecules according to their polarity and a multiple development system that made it possible to detect the triterpenoid saponins, azukisaponin or soyasapogenol at a retarded Rf of 0.2. The difficulties of detecting the Astragalus hamosus saponins encountered during the extraction and purification of the extracts have been highlighted and the strategy carried out to isolate the saponins has been discussed.
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Rosli NE, Ali MSM, Kamarudin NHA, Masomian M, Latip W, Saadon S, Rahman RNZRA. Structure Prediction and Characterization of Thermostable Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Newly Isolated Anoxybacillus geothermalis Strain D9. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071444. [PMID: 35889163 PMCID: PMC9322625 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is widely distributed and mainly involved in the oxidation of aldehydes. Thermostability is one of the key features for industrial enzymes. The ability of enzymes to withstand a high operating temperature offers many advantages, including enhancing productivity in industries. This study was conducted to understand the structural and biochemical features of ALDH from thermophilic bacterium, Anoxybacillus geothermalis strain D9. The 3D structure of A. geothermalis ALDH was predicted by YASARA software and composed of 24.3% β-sheet located at the center core region. The gene, which encodes 504 amino acids with a molecular weight of ~56 kDa, was cloned into pET51b(+) and expressed in E.coli Transetta (DE3). The purified A. geothermalis ALDH showed remarkable thermostability with optimum temperature at 60 °C and stable at 70 °C for 1 h. The melting point of the A. geothermalis ALDH is at 65.9 °C. Metal ions such as Fe3+ ions inhibited the enzyme activity, while Li+ and Mg2+ enhanced by 38.83% and 105.83%, respectively. Additionally, this enzyme showed tolerance to most non-polar organic solvents tested (xylene, n-dedocane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane) in a concentration of 25% v/v. These findings have generally improved the understanding of thermostable A. geothermalis ALDH so it can be widely used in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ezzati Rosli
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.E.R.); (M.S.M.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (M.M.); (W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.E.R.); (M.S.M.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (M.M.); (W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.E.R.); (M.S.M.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (M.M.); (W.L.); (S.S.)
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Malihe Masomian
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.E.R.); (M.S.M.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (M.M.); (W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wahhida Latip
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.E.R.); (M.S.M.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (M.M.); (W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shazleen Saadon
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.E.R.); (M.S.M.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (M.M.); (W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Hydrocarbon Recovery Technology, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Lot 3288 & 3299, Off Jalan Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, Bandar Baru Bangi 43000, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.E.R.); (M.S.M.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (M.M.); (W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-192760708
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Özdemir Fİ, Tülek A, Erdoğan D. Identification and Heterologous Production of a Lipase from Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263 T and Tailoring Its N-Terminal by a His-Tag Epitope. Protein J 2021; 40:436-447. [PMID: 33856621 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are versatile biocatalysts with many biotechnological applications and the necessity of screening, production and characterization of new lipases from diverse microbial strains to meet industrial needs is constantly emerging. In this study, the lipase gene (gklip) from a thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263 T was cloned into the pET28a ( +) vector with N-terminal 6xHis-tag. The recombinant gklip gene was heterologously expressed in host E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Histidine tag was removed from the purified 6xHistag-Gklip enzyme with thrombin enzyme and the molecular mass was determined to be approximately 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Gklip showed optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 50 °C. The specific hydrolytic activities against substrates were significantly increased by the removal of the His-tag. Km and kcat values of Gklip against p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP, 4-nitrophenyl palmitate) as the target substrate were found to be as 1.22 mM and 417.1 min-1, respectively. Removing His-tag changed the substrate preference of the enzyme leading to maximum lipolytic activity towards C10 and C12 lipids. Similarly, the activity against coconut oil that containing 62% medium-chain fatty acids was significantly higher than other oils. Furthermore, preservation of activity in the presence of inhibitors, organic solvents support the effect of lid structure of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- F İnci Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Tülek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Davut Erdoğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Evaluation of Designed Immobilized Catalytic Systems: Activity Enhancement of Lipase B from Candida antarctica. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilized enzymatic catalysts are widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. As Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is one of the more commonly used biocatalysts, we attempted to design an optimal lipase-catalytic system. In order to do that, we investigated the enantioselectivity and lipolytic activity of CALB immobilized on 12 different supports. Immobilization of lipase on IB-D152 allowed us to achieve hyperactivation (178%) in lipolytic activity tests. Moreover, the conversion in enantioselective esterification increased 43-fold, when proceeding with lipase-immobilized on IB-S861. The immobilized form exhibited a constant high catalytic activity in the temperature range of 25 to 55 °C. Additionally, the lipase immobilized on IB-D152 exhibited a higher lipolytic activity in the pH range of 6 to 9 compared with the native form. Interestingly, our investigations showed that IB-S500 and IB-S60S offered a possibility of application in catalysis in both organic and aqueous solvents. A significant link between the reaction media, the substrates, the supports and the lipase was confirmed. In our enzymatic investigations, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the titrimetric method, as well as the Bradford method were employed.
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