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Pi Y, Liu W, Wang J, Peng G, Jiang D, Guo R, Yin D. Preparation of Activated Carbon-Based Solid Sulfonic Acid and Its Catalytic Performance in Biodiesel Preparation. Front Chem 2022; 10:944398. [PMID: 35800030 PMCID: PMC9253271 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.944398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With activated carbon as raw material, AC-Ph-SO3H was prepared after oxidation with nitric acid, modification with halogenated benzene and sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. After modified by 10% bromobenzene with toluene as a solvent for 5 h, followed sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid at 150°C, the -SO3H content of prepared AC-Ph-SO3H was 0.64 mmol/g. Acid content test, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy detection proved that the surface of AC-Ph-SO3H was successfully grafted with -SO3H group. When used as a catalyst for the methylation of palmitate acid, the catalytic performance of AC-Ph-SO3H was explored. When the reaction time was 6 h, the amount of catalyst acid accounted for 2.5 wt% of palmitic acid, and the molar ratio of methanol/palmitic acid was 40, the esterification rate of palmitic acid was 95.2% and the yield of methyl palmitate was 94.2%, which was much better than those of its precursors AC, AC-O, and AC-Ph (both about 4.5%). AC-Ph-SO3H exhibited certain stability in the esterification reaction system and the conversion rate of palmitic acid was still above 80% after three reuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Pi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
| | - Wenzhu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhu Liu, ; Ruike Guo,
| | - Jiani Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
| | - Guanmin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
| | - Dabo Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruike Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhu Liu, ; Ruike Guo,
| | - Dulin Yin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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2
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Monday Abel Otache, Duru RU, Ozioma A, Abayeh JO. Catalytic Methods for the Synthesis of Sugar Esters. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050422010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Papatheodorou G, Ntzoufra P, Hapeshi E, Vakros J, Mantzavinos D. Hybrid Biochar/Ceria Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Activity Assessment for the Persulfate-Induced Degradation of Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:194. [PMID: 35055213 PMCID: PMC8778396 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Biochar from spent malt rootlets was employed as the template to synthesize hybrid biochar-ceria materials through a wet impregnation method. The materials were tested for the activation of persulfate (SPS) and subsequent degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a representative antibiotic, in various matrices. Different calcination temperatures in the range 300-500 °C were employed and the resulting materials were characterized by means of N2 adsorption and potentiometric mass titration as well as TGA, XRD, SEM, FTIR, DRS, and Raman spectroscopy. Calcination temperature affects the biochar content and the physicochemical properties of the hybrid materials, which were tested for the degradation of 500 μg L-1 SMX with SPS (in the range 200-500 mg L-1) in various matrices including ultrapure water (UPW), bottled water, wastewater, and UPW spiked with bicarbonate, chloride, or humic acid. Materials calcined at 300-350 °C, with a surface area of ca. 120 m2 g-1, were the most active, yielding ca. 65% SMX degradation after 120 min of reaction in UPW; materials calcined at higher temperatures as well as bare biochar were less active. Degradation decreased with increasing matrix complexity due to the interactions amongst the surface, the contaminant, and the oxidant. Experiments in the presence of scavengers (i.e., methanol, t-butanol, and sodium azide) revealed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals as well as singlet oxygen were the main oxidative species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golfo Papatheodorou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (G.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Paraskevi Ntzoufra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (G.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus;
| | - John Vakros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (G.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (G.P.); (P.N.)
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4
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Understanding of the Key Factors Determining the Activity and Selectivity of CuZn Catalysts in Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Esters to Alcohols. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CuZn catalysts are perspective catalysts for esters hydrogenolysis, but more knowledge is needed to optimize their catalytic performance. In this work, we consider the impact of CuZn catalysts composition on their structure, activity, selectivity, and stability in esters hydrogenolysis. Four catalysts with various Cu/Zn ratio were synthesized by a co-precipitation and characterized in as-prepared, calcined, reduced, and spent state by XRF, XRD, N2 physisorption, CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD, and N2O chemisorption. XRD data revealed the effect of the composition on the size of Cu and ZnO particles. The catalytic performance was investigated using an autoclave. All catalysts exhibited high methyl hexanoate conversion about 48–60% after 3 h but their activity and selectivity were found to be dependent on Cu/Zn ratio. The conversion of methyl hexanoate and hexyl hexanoate was compared to explain the observed product selectivity. Moreover, the catalysts stability was investigated in three consecutive reaction cycles and correlated with changes in the size of constituent particles. Moreover, when different esters were tested, a slight decrease in conversion and increase in alcohol selectivity with a growth in molecule size was observed. Obtained results allow making a conclusion about the optimal composition that provides the good performance of CuZn catalysts in ester hydrogenolysis.
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5
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Kant Bhatia S, Palai AK, Kumar A, Kant Bhatia R, Kumar Patel A, Kumar Thakur V, Yang YH. Trends in renewable energy production employing biomass-based biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125644. [PMID: 34332449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous population growth and industrialization have increased energy consumption unprecedentedly. The depletion of fossil-based energy supplies necessitates the exploration of solar, geothermal, wind, hydrogen, biodiesel, etc. as a clean and renewable energy source. Most of these energy sources are intermittent, while bioelectricity, biodiesel, and biohydrogen can be produced using abundantly available organic wastes regularly. The production of various energy resources requires materials that are costly and affect the applicability at a large scale. Biomass-derived materials (biochar) are getting attention in the field of bioenergy due to their simple method of synthesis, high surface area, porosity, and availability of functional groups for easy modification. Biochar synthesis using various techniques is discussed and their use as an electrode (anodic/cathodic) in a microbial fuel cell (MFC), catalysts in transesterification, and anaerobic digestion for energy production are reviewed. Renewable energy production using biochar would be a sustainable approach to create an energy secure world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul-05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul-05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Akshaya K Palai
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751 024, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul-05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul-05029, Republic of Korea.
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Rao GBD, Anjaneyulu B, Kaushik MP, Prasad MR. β‐Ketoesters: An Overview and It's Applications via Transesterification. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bendi Anjaneyulu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University Haryana 122505, P.B India
| | - Mahabir. P. Kaushik
- Amity School of Applied Sciences Amity University Gwalior 474005 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Mailavaram. R. Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy Vishnupur, Bhimavaram 534202, A.P. India
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7
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Abstract
One of the most recent applications studied in recent years is the use of biochar as a catalyst for the conversion of oils into biodiesel. The scope of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of biochars as heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of Scenedesmus rubescens lipids into biodiesel. Biochar from different materials were employed, namely, malt spent rootlets (MSR), coffee spent grounds (CSG), and olive kernels (OK). Materials were charred at two temperatures (400 and 850 °C) in order to examine the effect of pyrolysis temperature. Homogeneous catalysts such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide were also employed for comparison purposes. In order to explain the different performance of biochar as catalyst, we conducted detailed characterization of these materials. The results of this study showed that homogeneous catalysts (H2SO4 and NaOH) had similar results to the CSG biochar at 400 °C, which was the most productive tested biochar. The pyrolysis temperatures affected the FAMEs recovery of OK and CSG biochar.
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Abstract
In the present study, biochars from rice husk were synthesized via pyrolysis at 400, 550, 700 and 850 °C for 1 h under a limited O2 atmosphere, characterized with a various techniques of and used as catalysts to activate persulfate and to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). After physicochemical characterization of biochars. SMX degradation tests were performed using different water matrices, persulfate biochar and SMX concentrations and different initial pH solutions. Also, spiked solutions with bicarbonate, chloride, calcium nitrate, humic acid or alcohols were tested. It was found that catalytic reactivity rises with the pyrolysis temperature. Biochar is crucial for the oxidation of SMX and it can be described with a pseudo first–order kinetic model. Real matrices hinder the oxidation process, in waste water the SMX removal is 41% in 90 min, comparable with the inhibition obtained with spiked with bicarbonates solution (52% removal within 90 min) while complete removal can be achieved in ultrapure water matrices. The presence of alcohol slightly inhibits degradation contrary to the addition of sodium azide which causes significant inhibition, this is an evidence that degradation either under electron transfer/singlet oxygen control or dominated by surface-bound radicals.
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9
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Synthesis of magnetic basic palm kernel shell catalyst for biodiesel production and characterisation and optimisation by Taguchi method. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Biochar from Spent Malt Rootlets and Its Application to an Energy Conversion and Storage Device. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated carbon obtained from biomass wastes was presently studied in order to evaluate its applicability in an energy storage device. Biochar was obtained by the carbonization of spent malt rootlets and was further processed by mild treatment in NaOH. The final product had a specific surface of 362 m2 g−1 and carried Na, P and a few mineral sites. This material was first characterized by several techniques. Then it was used to make a supercapacitor electrode, which reached a specific capacitance of 156 F g−1. The supercapacitor electrode was combined with a photocatalytic fuel cell, making a simple three-electrode device functioning with a single alkaline electrolyte. This device allows solar energy conversion and storage at the same time, promoting the use of biomass wastes for energy applications.
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11
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Saman S, Balouch A, Talpur FN, Memon AA, Mousavi BM, Verpoort F. Green synthesis of MgO nanocatalyst by using
Ziziphus mauritiana
leaves and seeds for biodiesel production. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saman
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Aamna Balouch
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Bibi Maryam Mousavi
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk Russian Federation
- Ghent University‐Global Campus Songdo Incheon South Korea
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12
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Hot Research Topics in the Biomass Catalysis Section of the Catalysts Journal in 2018 and 2019. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers have contributed to the “Biomass Catalysis” section of the journal Catalysts (MDPI) [...]
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13
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Andrade TS, Vakros J, Mantzavinos D, Lianos P. Biochar obtained by carbonization of spent coffee grounds and its application in the construction of an energy storage device. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Developments in the Use of Lipase Transesterification for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel constitutes an attractive source of energy because it is renewable, biodegradable, and non-polluting. Up to 20% biodiesel can be blended with fossil diesel and is being produced and used in many countries. Animal fat waste represents nearly 6% of total feedstock used to produce biodiesel through alkaline catalysis transesterification after its pretreatment. Lipase transesterification has some advantages such as the need of mild conditions, absence of pretreatment, no soap formation, simple downstream purification process and generation of high quality biodiesel. A few companies are using liquid lipase formulations and, in some cases, immobilized lipases for industrial biodiesel production, but the efficiency of the process can be further improved. Recent developments on immobilization support materials such as nanoparticles and magnetic nanomaterials have demonstrated high efficiency and potential for industrial applications. This manuscript reviews the latest advances on lipase transesterification and key operational variables for an efficient biodiesel production from animal fat waste.
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Wang Y, Li D, Zhao D, Fan Y, Bi J, Shan R, Yang J, Luo B, Yuan H, Ling X, Huhe T, Chen Y. Calcium-Loaded Municipal Sludge-Biochar as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17471-17478. [PMID: 32715232 PMCID: PMC7377231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, biochar from municipal sludge was used as a novel matrix for the synthesis of a series of calcium-based heterogeneous catalysts toward biodiesel production. Their catalytic activity was investigated in terms of catalyst loading and calcination temperature during preparation, in addition to the transesterification parameters including the methanol/oil molar ratio, reaction time, and catalyst amount. The highest biodiesel yield up to 93.77% was achieved with the 30Ca/A-SBC-700, and it maintained as high as 84.9% even after 10 cycles of a consecutively alternating catalysis and regeneration process. It was revealed that the porous municipal sludge biochar and autologous SiO2 were accountable for the superior stability of the present catalyst. This work may provide a new path to value-added valorization of sludge waste and also a renewable and efficient catalyst for biodiesel production at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhuo Wang
- School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing
Technology University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- School
of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Denian Li
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yukun Fan
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- School
of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwang Bi
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Rui Shan
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jizhang Yang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Chongqing
Environment & Sanitation Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- School
of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute
of Urban & Rural Mining, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiang Ling
- School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing
Technology University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Taoli Huhe
- Chongqing
Environment & Sanitation Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing
Technology University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development, No.2 Nengyuan
Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- School
of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute
of Urban & Rural Mining, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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17
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Activation of Persulfate by Biochars from Valorized Olive Stones for the Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochars from spent olive stones were tested for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water matrices. Batch degradation experiments were performed using sodium persulfate (SPS) as the source of radicals in the range 250–1500 mg/L, with biochar as the SPS activator in the range 100–300 mg/L and SMX as the model micro-pollutant in the range 250–2000 μg/L. Ultrapure water (UPW), bottled water (BW), and secondary treated wastewater (WW) were employed as the water matrix. Removal of SMX by adsorption only was moderate and favored at acidic conditions, while SPS alone did not practically oxidize SMX. At these conditions, biochar was capable of activating SPS and, consequently, of degrading SMX, with the pseudo-first order rate increasing with increasing biochar and oxidant concentration and decreasing SMX concentration. Experiments in BW or UPW spiked with various anions showed little or no effect on degradation. Similar experiments in WW resulted in a rate reduction of about 30%, and this was attributed to the competitive consumption of reactive radicals by non-target water constituents. Experiments with methanol and t-butanol at excessive concentrations resulted in partial but generally not complete inhibition of degradation; this indicates that, besides the liquid bulk, reactions may also occur close to or on the biochar surface.
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