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Coku I, Mutez E, Eddarkaoui S, Carrier S, Marchand A, Deldycke C, Goveas L, Baille G, Tir M, Magnez R, Thuru X, Vermeersch G, Vandenberghe W, Buée L, Defebvre L, Sablonnière B, Chartier-Harlin MC, Taymans JM, Huin V. Functional Analyses of Two Novel LRRK2 Pathogenic Variants in Familial Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1761-1767. [PMID: 35708213 PMCID: PMC9543145 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic variants in the LRRK2 gene are a common monogenic cause of Parkinson's disease. However, only seven variants have been confirmed to be pathogenic. Objectives We identified two novel LRRK2 variants (H230R and A1440P) and performed functional testing. Methods We transiently expressed wild‐type, the two new variants, or two known pathogenic mutants (G2019S and R1441G) in HEK‐293 T cells, with or without LRRK2 kinase inhibitor treatment. We characterized the phosphorylation and kinase activity of the mutants by western blotting. Thermal shift assays were performed to determine the folding and stability of the LRRK2 proteins. Results The two variants were found in two large families and segregate with the disease. They display altered LRRK2 phosphorylation and kinase activity. Conclusions We identified two novel LRRK2 variants which segregate with the disease. The results of functional testing lead us to propose these two variants as novel causative mutations for familial Parkinson's disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Coku
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Eugénie Mutez
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Lille, France
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Carrier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Marchand
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Claire Deldycke
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Liesel Goveas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Baille
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Lille, France
| | - Mélissa Tir
- Department of Neurology and Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Amiens University Hospital, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Romain Magnez
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Thuru
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | | | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Parkinson Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Sablonnière
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, Lille, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Huin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, Lille, France
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Lake J, Reed X, Langston RG, Nalls MA, Gan-Or Z, Cookson MR, Singleton AB, Blauwendraat C, Leonard HL. Coding and Noncoding Variation in LRRK2 and Parkinson's Disease Risk. Mov Disord 2021; 37:95-105. [PMID: 34542912 PMCID: PMC9292230 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene harbors both rare highly damaging missense variants (eg, p.G2019S) and common noncoding variants (eg, rs76904798) with lower effect sizes that are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. Objectives This study aimed to investigate in a large meta‐analysis whether the LRRK2 Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS) signal represented by rs76904798 is independently associated with PD risk from LRRK2 coding variation and whether complex linkage disequilibrium structures with p.G2019S and the 5′ noncoding haplotype account for the association of LRRK2 coding variants. Methods We performed a meta‐analysis using imputed genotypes from 17,838 patients, 13,404 proxy patients, and 173,639 healthy controls of European ancestry. We excluded carriers of p.G2019S and/or rs76904798 to clarify the role of LRRK2 coding variation in mediating disease risk and excluded carriers of relatively rare LRRK2 coding variants to assess the independence of rs76904798. We also investigated the co‐inheritance of LRRK2 coding variants with p.G2019S, rs76904798, and p.N2081D. Results LRRK2 rs76904798 remained significantly associated with PD after excluding the carriers of relatively rare LRRK2 coding variants. LRRK2 p.R1514Q and p.N2081D were frequently co‐inherited with rs76904798, and the allele distribution of p.S1647T significantly changed among patients after removing rs76904798 carriers. Conclusions These data suggest that the LRRK2 coding variants previously related to PD (p.N551K, p.R1398H, p.M1646T, and p.N2081D) do not drive the 5′ noncoding GWAS signal. These data, however, do not preclude the independent association of the haplotype p.N551K‐p.R1398H and p.M1646T with altered disease risk. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lake
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xylena Reed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebekah G Langston
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland, USA.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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