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Tagliazucchi L, Pinetti D, Genovese F, Malpezzi G, Perea Martinez A, Manzano JI, García-Hernández R, Cole AR, Kwon BR, Aiello D, Brooks BW, Thoré ESJ, Bertram MG, Gamarro F, Costi MP. Deciphering Host-Parasite Interplay in Leishmania Infection through a One Health View of Proteomics Studies on Drug Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3202-3221. [PMID: 39088331 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent efforts in the study of vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs) have emphasized an increased consideration for preventing drug resistance and promoting the environmental safety of drugs, from the beginning of the drug discovery pipeline. The intensive use of the few available antileishmanial drugs has led to the spreading of hyper-resistant Leishmania infantum strains, resulting in a chronic burden of the disease. In the present work, we have investigated the biochemical mechanisms of resistance to antimonials, paromomycin, and miltefosine in three drug-resistant parasitic strains from human clinical isolates, using a whole-cell mass spectrometry proteomics approach. We identified 14 differentially expressed proteins that were validated with their transcripts. Next, we employed functional association networks to identify parasite-specific proteins as potential targets for novel drug discovery studies. We used SeqAPASS analysis to predict susceptibility based on the evolutionary conservation of protein drug targets across species. MATH-domain-containing protein, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette B2, histone H4, calpain-like cysteine peptidase, and trypanothione reductase emerged as top candidates. Overall, this work identifies new biological targets for designing drugs to prevent the development of Leishmania drug resistance, while aligning with One Health principles that emphasize the interconnected health of people, animals, and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Diego Pinetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti (CIGS), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Genovese
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti (CIGS), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Malpezzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Ana Perea Martinez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN-CSIC)", Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - José I Manzano
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN-CSIC)", Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Hernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN-CSIC)", Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alexander R Cole
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, Texas 97344, United States
| | - Ba Reum Kwon
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, Texas 97344, United States
| | - Daniele Aiello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, Texas 97344, United States
| | - Eli S J Thoré
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- TRANSfarm-Science, Engineering, & Technology Group, KU Leuven, Bijzondereweg 12, 3360 Lovenjoel, Belgium
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18b, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN-CSIC)", Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Ungri AM, Dos Santos Sabatke BF, Rossi IV, das Neves GB, Marques J, Ribeiro BG, Borges GK, Moreira RS, Ramírez MI, Miletti LC. Extracellular vesicles released by Trypanosoma evansi: induction analysis and proteomics. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:314. [PMID: 39225716 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi is a unicellular protozoan responsible for causing a disease known as "surra," which is found in different regions of the world and primarily affects horses and camels. Few information is known about virulence factors released from the parasite within the animals. The organism can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transport a variety of molecules, including proteins. Before being considered exclusively as a means for eliminating unwanted substances, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in intercellular communication, facilitating interactions between cells, host cells, and parasites, and even between parasites themselves. Thus, they may be used as potential biomarkers. This study aimed to assess the induction of EVs production by Ca+2, conduct a proteomic analysis of the EVs released by T. evansi, and identify epitopes that could serve as biomarkers. The findings indicated that Ca+2 is not an effective promoter of vesiculation in T. evansi. Furthermore, the proteomic analysis has identified multiple proteins that have been investigated as biomarkers or vaccine antigens, previously. A total of 442 proteins were identified, with 7 of them specifically recognizing 9 epitopes that are unique to T. evansi. At least one of these epitopes of TevSTIB805.9.11580 have been previously identified, which increases the possibility of further investigating its potential as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Martins Ungri
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas E Vetores, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, 88520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernanda Dos Santos Sabatke
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, EVAHPI-Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba, 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, EVAHPI-Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba, 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Bassi das Neves
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas E Vetores, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, 88520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Júlia Marques
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas E Vetores, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, 88520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Brenda Guedes Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas E Vetores, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, 88520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Kaiser Borges
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas E Vetores, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, 88520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Renato Simões Moreira
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), Campus Gaspar, R. Adriano Kormann, 510-Bela Vista, Gaspar, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramírez
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, EVAHPI-Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba, 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas E Vetores, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, 88520-000, SC, Brazil.
- Departamento de Produção Animal E Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090 Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil.
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Julio A, Guedes-Silva TC, Berni M, Bisch PM, Araujo H. A Rhodnius prolixus catalytically inactive Calpain protease patterns the insect embryonic dorsal-ventral axis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 6:100094. [PMID: 39262636 PMCID: PMC11387712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The calcium dependent Calpain proteases are modulatory enzymes with important roles in cell cycle control, development and immunity. In the fly model Drosophila melanogaster Calpain A cleaves Cactus/IkappaB and consequently modifies Toll signals during embryonic dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning. Here we explore the role of Calpains in the hemiptera Rhodnius prolixus, an intermediate germband insect where the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) instead of the Toll pathway plays a major role in DV patterning. Phylogenetic analysis of Calpains in species ranging from Isoptera to Diptera indicates an increase of Calpain sequences in the R. prolixus genome and other hemimetabolous species. One locus encoding each of the CalpC, CalpD and Calp7 families, and seven Calpain A/B loci are present in the R. prolixus genome. Several predicted R. prolixus Calpains display a unique architecture, such as loss of Calcium-binding EF-hand domains and loss of catalytic residues in the active site CysPc domain, yielding catalytically dead Calpains A/B. Knockdown for one of these inactive Calpains results in embryonic DV patterning defects, with expansion of ventral and lateral gene expression domains and consequent failure of germ band elongation. In conclusion, our results reveal that Calpains may exert a conserved function in insect DV patterning, despite the changing role of the Toll and BMP pathways in defining gene expression territories along the insect DV axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Julio
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainan C Guedes-Silva
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mateus Berni
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil (INCT-EM)
| | | | - Helena Araujo
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil (INCT-EM)
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Bose P, Baron N, Pullaiahgari D, Ben-Zvi A, Shapira M. LeishIF3d is a non-canonical cap-binding protein in Leishmania. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1191934. [PMID: 37325473 PMCID: PMC10266417 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1191934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of most cellular mRNAs in eukaryotes proceeds through a cap-dependent pathway, whereby the cap-binding complex, eIF4F, anchors the pre-initiation complex at the 5' end of mRNAs driving translation initiation. The genome of Leishmania encodes a large repertoire of cap-binding complexes that fulfill a variety of functions possibly involved in survival along the life cycle. However, most of these complexes function in the promastigote life form that resides in the sand fly vector and decrease their activity in amastigotes, the mammalian life form. Here we examined the possibility that LeishIF3d drives translation in Leishmania using alternative pathways. We describe a non-canonical cap-binding activity of LeishIF3d and examine its potential role in driving translation. LeishIF3d is required for translation, as reducing its expression by a hemizygous deletion reduces the translation activity of the LeishIF3d(+/-) mutant cells. Proteomic analysis of the mutant cells highlights the reduced expression of flagellar and cytoskeletal proteins, as reflected in the morphological changes observed in the mutant cells. Targeted mutations in two predicted alpha helices diminish the cap-binding activity of LeishIF3d. Overall, LeishIF3d could serve as a driving force for alternative translation pathways, although it does not seem to offer an alternative pathway for translation in amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bose
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nofar Baron
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michal Shapira
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Banerjee S, Banerjee D, Singh A, Saharan VA. A Comprehensive Investigation Regarding the Differentiation of the Procurable COVID-19 Vaccines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:95. [PMID: 35314902 PMCID: PMC8936379 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 became a serious threat to humankind for the past couple of years. The development of vaccine and its immediate application might be the only to escape from the grasp of this demoniac pandemic. Approximately 343 clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines are ongoing currently, and almost all countries are motivating ongoing researches at warp speed for the development of vaccines against COVID-19. This review explores the progress in the development of the vaccines, their current status of ongoing clinical research, mechanisms, and regulatory approvals. Many pharmaceutical companies are already in the endgame for manufacturing various vaccines of which some are already being marketed across the globe, while others are yet to get approval for marketing. The primary aim of this review is to compare regulatory accepted vaccines in terms of their composition, doses, regulatory status, and efficacy. The study is conducted by grouping into approved and unapproved vaccines for marketing. Different routes of administration of vaccines along with the efficacy of the routes are also presented in the review. A wide range of database and clinical trial data is reviewed for sorting out the information on different vaccines. Unfortunately, many mutations (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa, omicron etc.) of SARS-CoV-2 have attacked people in very short time, which is the great challenge for investigational vaccines. Moreover, some vaccines like Pfizer's BNT162, Oxford's ChAdOx1, Moderna's mRNA-1273, and Bharat Biotech's Covaxin have got regulatory approval in some countries for its distribution which may prove to stand tall against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debadri Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
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Antileishmanial Efficacy of the Calpain Inhibitor MDL28170 in Combination with Amphotericin B. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7020029. [PMID: 35202224 PMCID: PMC8878347 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The necessity of drug combinations to treat leishmaniasis came to the surface mainly because of the toxicity of current treatments and the emergence of resistant strains. The calpain inhibitor MDL28170 has previously shown anti-Leishmania activity, therefore its use in association with standard drugs could provide a new alternative for the treatment strategy against leishmaniasis. In this study, we analyzed the potential of the combination of MDL28170 and the antileishmanial drug amphotericin B against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania chagasi. The compounds were tested in the combination of the ½ × IC50 value of MDL28170 plus the ¼ × IC50 value of amphotericin B, which led to an increment in the anti-promastigote activity when compared to the single drug treatments. This drug association revealed several and severe morphophysiological changes on parasite cells, such as loss of plasma membrane integrity, reduced size of flagellum, and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential besides increased reactive oxygen species production. In addition, the combination of both drugs had a deleterious effect on the Leishmania–macrophage interaction, reflecting in a significant anti-amastigote action, which achieved a reduction of 50% in the association index. These results indicate that the combination treatment proposed here may represent a new alternative for leishmaniasis chemotherapy.
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Ennes-Vidal V, dos Santos ALS, Branquinha MH, d’Avila-Levy CM. Proteolytic inhibitors as alternative medicines to treat trypanosomatid-caused diseases: experience with calpain inhibitors. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e220017. [PMID: 35352772 PMCID: PMC8958894 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment for tropical neglected diseases, such as Chagas disease (CD) and leishmaniasis, is extremely limited to a handful of drugs that suffer from unacceptable toxicity, tough administration routes, like parenteral, and increasing treatment failures due to the parasite resistance. Consequently, there is urgency for the development of new therapeutic options to treat such diseases. Since peptidases from these parasites are responsible for crucial functions in their biology, these molecules have been explored as alternative targets. In this context, a myriad of proteolytic inhibitors has been developed against calcium-dependent cysteine-type peptidases, collectively called calpains, which are implicated in several human pathophysiological diseases. These molecules are highly expanded in the genome of trypanosomatids and they have been reported participating in several parasite biological processes. In the present perspective, we discuss our almost two decades of experience employing the calpain inhibitors as an interesting shortcut to a possible repurpose strategy to treat CD and leishmaniasis.
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