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Spasova N, Somleva D, Krastev B, Ilieva R, Borizanova A, Svinarov D, Kinova E, Goudev A. Association of the trimethylamine N-oxide with cardiovascular risk and vascular alterations in middle-aged patients with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20232090. [PMID: 38669041 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20232090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is synthesized by the intestinal microbiota and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated TMAO levels across different CVD-risk patient groups, and evaluated associations between TMAO and vascular alterations (e.g., arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness [IMT], and the presence and grade of carotid artery plaques [CAPs]). METHODS We examined 95 patients (58.5 ± 7.3 years): 40 with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), 40 with atherosclerosis risk factors (RF), and 15 controls. Arterial stiffness was measured by Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (C-F PWV). B-mode ultrasound was used to evaluate the presence and grade of CAPs and carotid IMT (CIMT). TMAO was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and results were presented as the median (interquartile range). RESULTS TMAO levels were higher in patients with ASCVD (251.5 [164.5] µg/l) when compared with patients with RFs (194.0 [174] µg/l, P=0.04) and controls (122.0 (77) µg/l, P<0.001). A significant correlation was observed between TMAO and PWV (r = 0.31, P=0.003), which was not confirmed after adjustment for RFs. TMAO levels were significantly correlated with plaque score (r = 0.46, P<0.001) and plaque height (r=0.41, P=0.003), and were independent predictors for grade III plaques (odds ratio [OR] = 1.002, confidence interval (CI) 95%: 1.000047-1.003, P=0.044). CONCLUSIONS TMAO levels are increased with expanded CVD risk. Across different types of vascular damage, TMAO is associated with atherosclerotic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Spasova
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, UMHAT "Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Somleva
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, UMHAT "Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bozhidar Krastev
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, UMHAT "Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Ilieva
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, UMHAT "Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Angelina Borizanova
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, UMHAT "Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dobrin Svinarov
- University Hospital Alexandrovska, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Sofia
| | - Elena Kinova
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, UMHAT "Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Assen Goudev
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, UMHAT "Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
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Tran A, Wang A, Mickaill J, Strbenac D, Larance M, Vernon ST, Grieve SM, Figtree GA, Patrick E, Yang JYH. Construction and optimization of multi-platform precision pathways for precision medicine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4248. [PMID: 38378802 PMCID: PMC10879206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the enduring challenge against disease, advancements in medical technology have empowered clinicians with novel diagnostic platforms. Whilst in some cases, a single test may provide a confident diagnosis, often additional tests are required. However, to strike a balance between diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness, one must rigorously construct the clinical pathways. Here, we developed a framework to build multi-platform precision pathways in an automated, unbiased way, recommending the key steps a clinician would take to reach a diagnosis. We achieve this by developing a confidence score, used to simulate a clinical scenario, where at each stage, either a confident diagnosis is made, or another test is performed. Our framework provides a range of tools to interpret, visualize and compare the pathways, improving communication and enabling their evaluation on accuracy and cost, specific to different contexts. This framework will guide the development of novel diagnostic pathways for different diseases, accelerating the implementation of precision medicine into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tran
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andy Wang
- Westmead Medical Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie Mickaill
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dario Strbenac
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen T Vernon
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellis Patrick
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jean Yee Hwa Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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3
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Gray MP, Vogel B, Mehran R, Leopold JA, Figtree GA. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. Climacteric 2024; 27:104-112. [PMID: 38197424 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2282685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in both men and women. Strategies targeting traditional modifiable risk factors are essential - including hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus - particularly for atherosclerosis, but additionally for stroke, heart failure and some arrhythmias. However, challenges related to education, screening and equitable access to effective preventative therapies persist, and are particularly problematic for women around the globe and those from lower socioeconomic groups. The association of female-specific risk factors (e.g. premature menopause, gestational hypertension, small for gestational age births) with CVD provides a potential window for targeted prevention strategies. However, further evidence for specific effective screening and interventions is urgently required. In addition to population-level factors involved in increasing the risk of suffering a CVD event, efforts are leveraging the enormous potential of blood-based 'omics', improved imaging biomarkers and increasingly complex bioinformatic analytic approaches to strive toward more personalized early disease detection and personalized preventative therapies. These novel tactics may be particularly relevant for women in whom traditional risk factors perform poorly. Here we discuss established and emerging approaches for improving risk assessment, early disease detection and effective preventative strategies to reduce the mammoth burden of CVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gray
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Vogel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Mehran
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Leopold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G A Figtree
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Chan AS, Wu S, Vernon ST, Tang O, Figtree GA, Liu T, Yang JY, Patrick E. Overcoming cohort heterogeneity for the prediction of subclinical cardiovascular disease risk. iScience 2023; 26:106633. [PMID: 37192969 PMCID: PMC10182278 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality with an estimated half a billion people affected in 2019. However, detecting signals between specific pathophysiology and coronary plaque phenotypes using complex multi-omic discovery datasets remains challenging due to the diversity of individuals and their risk factors. Given the complex cohort heterogeneity present in those with coronary artery disease (CAD), we illustrate several different methods, both knowledge-guided and data-driven approaches, for identifying subcohorts of individuals with subclinical CAD and distinct metabolomic signatures. We then demonstrate that utilizing these subcohorts can improve the prediction of subclinical CAD and can facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers of subclinical disease. Analyses acknowledging cohort heterogeneity through identifying and utilizing these subcohorts may be able to advance our understanding of CVD and provide more effective preventative treatments to reduce the burden of this disease in individuals and in society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Chan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Songhua Wu
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen T. Vernon
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen Tang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tongliang Liu
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Y.H. Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author
| | - Ellis Patrick
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Medical Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author
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Duan Y, Zhao D, Sun J, Liu J, Wang M, Hao Y, Li J, Liu T, Xiao L, Hao Y, Wang H, Qi Y, Liu J. Lipoprotein(a) Is Associated With the Progression and Vulnerability of New-Onset Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Stroke 2023; 54:1312-1319. [PMID: 37094030 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.042323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although important progress has been made in understanding Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a])-mediated stroke risk, the contribution of Lp(a) to the progression of vulnerable plaque features associated with stroke risk remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate whether Lp(a) is associated with carotid plaque progression, new-onset plaque features, and plaque vulnerability in a prospective community-based cohort study. METHODS Baseline Lp(a) levels were measured using latex-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay among 804 participants aged 45 to 74 years and free of cardiovascular disease in the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study-Beijing project. Carotid atherosclerosis was measured twice by B-mode ultrasonography over a 10-year interval during the 2002 and 2012 surveys to assess the progression of total, vulnerable and stable plaques, and plaque vulnerability. The total plaque area and plaque vulnerability score were calculated. RESULTS The median baseline Lp(a) level was 10.20 mg/dL (interquartile range, 6.20 to 17.18 mg/dL). Modified Poisson regression analysis showed that Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL was significantly associated with 10-year progression of total carotid plaque (relative risk [RR], 1.41 [95% CI, 1.21-1.64]; E-value=2.17), vulnerable plaque (RR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.54-2.41]), and stable plaque (RR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.11-2.07]) compared with Lp(a) <50 mg/dL. Moreover, among participants without plaque at baseline, Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL was related to an increased total plaque area (β=0.36 [95% CI, 0.06-0.65]; P=0.018) and increased plaque vulnerability score (β=0.30 [95% CI, 0.01-0.60]; P=0.045) in multivariable linear regression. CONCLUSIONS Elevated Lp(a) levels were associated with 10-year carotid plaque progression and plaque vulnerability, providing a basis for Lp(a) as a treatment target for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youling Duan
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Yongchen Hao
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Luoxi Xiao
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Haimei Wang
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China
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6
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Smith ML, Bull CJ, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G, Sanderson E, Anderson EL, Bell JA. Distinct metabolic features of genetic liability to type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a reverse Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104503. [PMID: 36870196 PMCID: PMC10009453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) both have known genetic determinants, but the mechanisms through which their associated genetic variants lead to disease onset remain poorly understood. METHODS We used large-scale metabolomics data in a two-sample reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to estimate effects of genetic liability to T2D and CAD on 249 circulating metabolites in the UK Biobank (N = 118,466). We examined the potential for medication use to distort effect estimates by conducting age-stratified metabolite analyses. FINDINGS Using inverse variance weighted (IVW) models, higher genetic liability to T2D was estimated to decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (e.g. , HDL-C -0.05 SD; 95% CI -0.07 to -0.03, per doubling of liability), whilst increasing all triglyceride groups and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). IVW estimates for CAD liability suggested an effect on reducing HDL-C as well as raising very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C. In pleiotropy-robust models, T2D liability was still estimated to increase BCAAs, but several estimates for higher CAD liability reversed and supported decreased LDL-C and apolipoprotein-B. Estimated effects of CAD liability differed substantially by age for non-HDL-C traits, with higher CAD liability lowering LDL-C only at older ages when statin use was common. INTERPRETATION Overall, our results support largely distinct metabolic features of genetic liability to T2D and CAD, illustrating both challenges and opportunities for preventing these commonly co-occurring diseases. FUNDING Wellcome Trust [218495/Z/19/Z], UK MRC [MC_UU_00011/1; MC_UU_00011/4], the University of Bristol, Diabetes UK [17/0005587], World Cancer Research Fund [IIG_2019_2009].
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Caroline J Bull
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joshua A Bell
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zhang H, Jing L, Zhai C, Xiang Q, Tian H, Hu H. Intestinal Flora Metabolite Trimethylamine Oxide Is Inextricably Linked to Coronary Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:175-182. [PMID: 36607700 PMCID: PMC9988214 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease is a common cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the incidence of coronary heart disease has gradually become younger, and biomarkers for predicting coronary heart disease have demonstrated valuable clinical prospects. Several studies have established an association between coronary heart disease and intestinal flora metabolites, including trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which has attracted widespread attention from researchers. Investigations have also shown that plasma levels of TMAO and its precursors can predict cardiovascular risk in humans; however, TMAO's mechanism of action in causing coronary heart disease is not fully understood. This review examines TMAO's generation, the mechanism through which it causes coronary heart disease, and the approaches used to treat TMAO-caused coronary heart disease to possible avenues for future research on coronary heart disease and find new concepts for the treatment of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; and
| | - Lele Jing
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Qiannan Xiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Hongen Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Huilin Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
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8
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Hu F, Yu H, Zong J, Xue J, Wen Z, Chen M, Du L, Chen T. The impact of hypertension for metabolites in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 36819519 PMCID: PMC9929784 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of death and is often accompanied by hypertension. Methods We investigated whether hypertension affects the metabolism of patients with ACS. Serum samples were provided from healthy controls (HCs; n=26), patients with ACS (n=20), or those patients with ACS complicated with hypertension (HTN, n=21), and all were subjected to non-targeted metabolomics analyses based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Differential metabolites were screened using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) provided metabolic pathways related to these metabolites. Results Compared to those in the HC group, 12 metabolites were significantly upregulated and 6 significantly downregulated in the ACS group; among these, L-cystine and isocitric acid showed the most obvious differences, respectively. Compared to those in the ACS group, 3 metabolites were significantly upregulated and 2 metabolites were significantly downregulated in the ACS-HTN group, among which oleic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid showed the most marked difference, respectively. The five most prominent metabolic pathways involved in differential metabolites between the ACS and HC groups were arginine biosynthesis; oxidative phosphorylation; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; citrate cycle; and glucagon signaling pathway. The metabolic pathways between the ACS and ACS-HTN groups were steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. Conclusions A comprehensive study of the changes in circulatory metabolomics and the influence of HTN was conducted in patients with ACS. A serum metabolomics test can be used to identify differentially metabolized molecules and allow the classification of patients with ACS or those complicated with HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China;,Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huajiong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China;,Department of Cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Xue
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoshi Wen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China;,Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
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Circulating Amino Acids and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in the PREDIMED Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010270. [PMID: 36613713 PMCID: PMC9820556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective prevention and risk prediction are important for peripheral artery disease (PAD) due to its poor prognosis and the huge disease burden it produces. Circulating amino acids (AA) and their metabolites may serve as biomarkers of PAD risk, but they have been scarcely investigated. The objective was to prospectively analyze the associations of baseline levels of plasma AA (and their pathways) with subsequent risk of PAD and the potential effect modification by a nutritional intervention with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). A matched case-control study was nested in the PREDIMED trial, in which participants were randomized to three arms: MedDiet with tree nut supplementation group, MedDiet with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplementation group or control group (low-fat diet). One hundred and sixty-seven PAD cases were matched with 250 controls. Plasma AA was measured with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry at the Broad Institute. Baseline tryptophan, serine and threonine were inversely associated with PAD (ORfor 1 SD increase = 0.78 (0.61-0.99); 0.67 (0.51-0.86) and 0.75 (0.59-0.95), respectively) in a multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression model. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was directly associated with PAD (ORfor 1 SD increase = 1.50 (1.14-1.98)). The nutritional intervention with the MedDiet+nuts modified the association between threonine and PAD (p-value interaction = 0.018) compared with the control group. However, subjects allocated to the MedDiet+EVOO group were protected against PAD independently of baseline threonine. Plasma tryptophan, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, serine and threonine might serve as early biomarkers of future PAD in subjects at a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The MedDiet supplemented with EVOO exerted a protective effect, regardless of baseline levels of threonine.
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: Unravelling the Biology to Identify New Therapies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244136. [PMID: 36552899 PMCID: PMC9776788 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of presentations including unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [...].
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11
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Shamaki GR, Safiriyu I, Kesiena O, Mbachi C, Anyanwu M, Zahid S, Rai D, Bob-Manuel T, Corteville D, Alweis R, Batchelor WB. Prevalence and outcomes in STEMI patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Ding S, Xue J, Zhang Q, Zheng L. Trimethylamine-N-oxide is an important target for heart and brain diseases. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:321-323. [PMID: 37724327 PMCID: PMC10388736 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shusi Ding
- China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Jing L, Zhang H, Xiang Q, Shen L, Guo X, Zhai C, Hu H. Targeting Trimethylamine N-Oxide: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Alleviating Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864600. [PMID: 35770223 PMCID: PMC9235870 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and there is currently no effective drug to reverse its pathogenesis. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite of the gut flora with the potential to act as a new risk factor for CVD. Many studies have shown that TMAO is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic diseases through various mechanisms; however, the targeted therapy for TMAO remains controversial. This article summarizes the vital progress made in relation to evaluations on TMAO and AS in recent years and highlights novel probable approaches for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Xiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huilin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Huilin Hu
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Bonnitcha P, Sullivan D, Fitzpatrick M, Ireland A, Nguyen VL, Koay YC, O'Sullivan J. Design and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of asymmetric dimethylguanidino valeric acid, asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine in human plasma. Pathology 2022; 54:591-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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