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Cheng T, Kosgei BK, Soko GF, Meena SS, Li T, Cao Q, Zhao Z, Cheng SKS, Liu Q, Wang F, Zhu G, Han RPS. Using Functionalized Liposomes to Harvest Extracellular Vesicles of Similar Characteristics in Dermal Interstitial Fluid. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17968-17973. [PMID: 38032052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are used by living cells for the purpose of biological information trafficking from parental-to-recipient cells and vice versa. This back-and-forth communication is enabled by two distinct kinds of biomolecules that constitute the cargo of an EV: proteins and nucleic acids. The proteomic-cum-genetic information is mediated by the physiological state of a cell (healthy or otherwise) as much as modulated by the biogenesis pathway of the EV. Therefore, in mirroring the huge diversities of human communications, the proteins and nucleic acids involved in cell communications possess seemingly near limitless diversities, and it is this characteristic that makes EVs so highly heterogeneous. Currently, there is no simple and reliable tool for the selective capture of heterogeneous EVs and the delivery of their undamaged cargo for research in extracellular protein mapping and spatial proteomics studies. Our work is a preliminary attempt to address this issue. We demonstrated our approach by using antibody functionalized liposomes to capture EVs from tumor and healthy cell-lines. To characterize their performance, we presented fluorescence and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) results, TEM images, and Western blotting analysis for EV proteins. We also extracted dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) from healthy individuals and used our functionalized synthetic vesicle (FSV) method to capture EVs from their proteins. We constructed three proteomic sets [EV vs ISF, (FSV+EV) vs ISF, and (FSV+EV) vs EV] from the EV proteins and the free proteins harvested from ISF and compared their differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The performance of our proposed method is assessed via an analysis of 1095 proteins, together with volcano plots, heatmap, GO annotation, and enriched KEGG pathways and organelle localization results of 213 DEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Cheng
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Benson K Kosgei
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Geofrey F Soko
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 3592, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephene S Meena
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 3592, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Tong Li
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qianan Cao
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Samuel K S Cheng
- School of Engineering, Texas A&M University─Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory & Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Genhua Zhu
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center & Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Translational Cancer Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
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Osten F, Löscher W, Gericke B. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells release different types of P-glycoprotein-containing extracellular vesicles upon exposure to doxorubicin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116712. [PMID: 37820772 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is predominantly located on the luminal membrane of microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that form the blood-brain barrier. In addition, Pgp is localized in intracellular organelles involved in Pgp traffic and cycling and, by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), in intercellular Pgp transfer to cells with low Pgp expression. We recently described that drug exposure of a human BMEC line (hCMEC/D3) induces the release of Pgp-EGFP-containing EVs; however, the nature of the Pgp-enriched vesicles was not characterized. The two main categories of EVs are exosomes and microvesicles, which differ in origin, size, and molecular cargo. In the present study, we performed similar experiments with hCMEC/D3 cells in the absence and presence of doxorubicin and isolated and characterized the EVs released by the cells during the experiments by differential ultracentrifugation with/without subsequent sucrose gradient fractionation of EV pellets, proteomic profiling, EV size analysis, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Using cocultures of hCMEC/D3 wildtype cells and cells transduced with MDR1-EGFP or monocultures of hCMEC/D3-MDR1-EGFP cells, we found release of both Pgp-enriched exosomes and microvesicles but analysis of the exosomal marker protein Rab7 indicated that doxorubicin increased particularly the release of exosomes. Transfer experiments with isolated EVs demonstrated EV endocytosis by recipient cells. EV release from BMECs in response to anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin likely serves different functions, including non-genetic intercellular transfer of a resistance phenotype to neighboring BMECs and a mechanism of drug extrusion that contributes to brain protection against potentially toxic chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Osten
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Translational Neuropharmacology Lab, NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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Ong-Meang V, Blanzat M, Savchenko L, Perquis L, Guardia M, Pizzinat N, Poinsot V. Extracellular Vesicles Produced by the Cardiac Microenvironment Carry Functional Enzymes to Produce Lipid Mediators In Situ. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065866. [PMID: 36982939 PMCID: PMC10056942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at physiological concentrations on the composition of eicosanoids transported within the extracellular vesicles (EVs) of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyoblasts was reported by our group in 2020. The aim of this article was to extend this observation to cells from the cardiac microenvironment involved in the processes of inflammation, namely mouse J774 macrophages and rat heart mesenchymal stem cells cMSCs. Moreover, to enhance our capacity to understand the paracrine exchange between these orchestrators of cardiac inflammation, we investigated some machinery involved in the eicosanoid’s synthesis transported by the EVs produced by these cells (including the two formerly described cells: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells BM-MSC and cardiomyoblasts H9c2). We analyzed the oxylipin and the enzymatic content of the EVs collected from cell cultures supplemented (or not) with PUFAs. We prove that large eicosanoid profiles are exported in the EVs by the cardiac microenvironment cells, but also that these EVs carry some critical and functional biosynthetic enzymes, allowing them to synthesize inflammation bioactive compounds by sensing their environment. Moreover, we demonstrate that these are functional. This observation reinforces the hypothesis that EVs are key factors in paracrine signaling, even in the absence of the parent cell. We also reveal a macrophage-specific behavior, as we observed a radical change in the lipid mediator profile when small EVs derived from J774 cells were exposed to PUFAs. To summarize, we prove that the EVs, due to the carried functional enzymes, can alone produce bioactive compounds, in the absence of the parent cell, by sensing their environment. This makes them potential circulating monitoring entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varravaddheay Ong-Meang
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires U1964, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, BP 84225, CEDEX 4, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Blanzat
- CNRS, Laboratoire IMRCP UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 9, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Lesia Savchenko
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires U1964, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, BP 84225, CEDEX 4, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Perquis
- CNRS, Laboratoire IMRCP UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 9, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mégane Guardia
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires U1964, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, BP 84225, CEDEX 4, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Pizzinat
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires U1964, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, BP 84225, CEDEX 4, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Verena Poinsot
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires U1964, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, BP 84225, CEDEX 4, F-31432 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
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Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Diagnosis to Disease-Free Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061826. [PMID: 36980712 PMCID: PMC10046514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising from different anatomical sites present with different incidences and characteristics, which requires a personalized treatment strategy. Despite the extensive research that has conducted on this malignancy, HNSCC still has a poor overall survival rate. Many attempts have been made to improve the outcomes, but one of the bottlenecks is thought to be the lack of an effective biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by various cells and participate in a great number of intercellular communications. Based on liquid biopsy, EV detection in several biofluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine, has been applied to identify the existence and progression of a variety of cancers. In HNSCC, tumor-derived EVs exhibit many functionalities by transporting diverse cargoes, which highlights their importance in tumor screening, the determination of multidisciplinary therapy, prediction of prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic effects. This review illustrates the classification and formation of EV subtypes, the cargoes conveyed by these vesicles, and their respective functions in HNSCC cancer biology, and discloses their potential as biomarkers during the whole process of tumor diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
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Liquid Biopsy for Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Recent Advances and Challenges. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020303. [PMID: 36836537 PMCID: PMC9960348 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
"Liquid biopsy" is an efficient diagnostic tool used to analyse biomaterials in human body fluids, such as blood, saliva, breast milk, and urine. Various biomaterials derived from a tumour and its microenvironment are released into such body fluids and contain important information for cancer diagnosis. Biomaterial detection can provide "real-time" information about individual tumours, is non-invasive, and is more repeatable than conventional histological analysis. Therefore, over the past two decades, liquid biopsy has been considered an attractive diagnostic tool for malignant tumours. Although biomarkers for oral cancer have not yet been adopted in clinical practice, many molecular candidates have been investigated for liquid biopsies in oral cancer diagnosis, such as the proteome, metabolome, microRNAome, extracellular vesicles, cell-free DNAs, and circulating tumour cells. This review will present recent advances and challenges in liquid biopsy for oral cancer diagnosis.
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Wu X, Shi M, Lian Y, Zhang H. Exosomal circRNAs as promising liquid biopsy biomarkers for glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1039084. [PMID: 37122733 PMCID: PMC10140329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1039084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy strategies enable the noninvasive detection of changes in the levels of circulating biomarkers in body fluid samples, providing an opportunity to diagnose, dynamically monitor, and treat a range of diseases, including cancers. Glioma is among the most common forms of intracranial malignancy, and affected patients exhibit poor prognostic outcomes. As such, diagnosing and treating this disease in its early stages is critical for optimal patient outcomes. Exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in both the onset and progression of glioma. Both the roles of exosomes and methods for their detection have received much attention in recent years and the detection of exosomal circRNAs by liquid biopsy has significant potential for monitoring dynamic changes in glioma. The present review provides an overview of the circulating liquid biopsy biomarkers associated with this cancer type and the potential application of exosomal circRNAs as tools to guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of glioma patients during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Zhang, ; Yajun Lian,
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Zhang, ; Yajun Lian,
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Shaban AM, Raslan M, Qahl SH, Elsayed K, Abdelhameed MS, Oyouni AAA, Al-Amer OM, Hammouda O, El-Magd MA. Ameliorative Effects of Camel Milk and Its Exosomes on Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1060. [PMID: 36363614 PMCID: PMC9697163 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contradictory results were obtained regarding the effects of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes (EXOs) on diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Some studies showed that EXOs, including milk EXOs, were involved in the pathogenesis of DN, whereas other studies revealed ameliorative effects. Compared to other animals, camel milk had unique components that lower blood glucose levels. However, little is known regarding the effect of camel milk and its EXOs on DN. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate this effect on a rat model of DN induced by streptozotocin. Treatment with camel milk and/or its EXOs ameliorated DN as evidenced by (1) reduced levels of kidney function parameters (urea, creatinine, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and urinary proteins), (2) restored redox balance (decreased lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of antioxidants enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), (3) downregulated expression of DN-related genes (transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), intercellular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM1), and transformation specific 1 (ETS1), integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGβ2), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM1)), and (4) decreased renal damage histological score. These results concluded that the treatment with camel milk and/or its EXOs could ameliorate DN with a better effect for the combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Shaban
- Biotechnology & Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mai Raslan
- Biotechnology & Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Safa H. Qahl
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Elsayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sayed Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Al-Amer
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola Hammouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El-Geish Street, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Wang L, Du DD, Zheng ZX, Shang PF, Yang XX, Sun C, Wang XY, Tang YJ, Guo XL. Circulating galectin-3 promotes tumor-endothelium-adhesion by upregulating ICAM-1 in endothelium-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979474. [PMID: 36386163 PMCID: PMC9642840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of tumor cells to vascular endothelial cells is an important process of tumor metastasis. Studies have shown that tumor could educate vascular endothelial cells to promote tumor metastasis through many ways. However, the effect of tumor cells on the functions of vascular endothelial cells-derived extracellular vesicles (H-EVs) and the mechanisms underlying their effects in tumor-endothelium adhesion in metastasis remain mysterious. In this study, we found that H-EVs promoted the adhesion of triple negative breast cancer cell to endothelial cells and cirGal-3 enhanced the adhesion-promoting effects of H-EVs. The underlying mechanism was related to the upregulation of glycolysis in endothelial cells induced by cirGal-3 which led to the increase of the ICAM-1 expression and its transmission to MDA-MB-231 cells by H-EVs. Targeting of cirGal-3 or glycolysis of vascular endothelium in breast cancer therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zong-Xue Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Chantre-Justino M, Alves G, Delmonico L. Clinical applications of liquid biopsy in HPV‐negative and HPV‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: advances and challenges. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:533-552. [PMID: 36071985 PMCID: PMC9446158 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) represent the most common epithelial tumors that arise from mucosa of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. The development of HNSCCs is usually associated with tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Most HNSCCs are diagnosed in advanced states, leading to a worse clinical outcome. Screening tests based on potential biomarkers associated with HNSCCs could improve this scenario. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising area of cancer investigation, offering a minimally invasive approach to track circulating biomarkers in body fluids that could potentially contribute to the diagnosis, predict prognosis, and monitor response to treatment. This review will discuss translational studies describing the clinical applications of liquid biopsy in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCCs focused on circulating nucleic acids [cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA)], circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be found in plasma, serum, and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chantre-Justino
- 1Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil 2Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Gilda Alves
- 2Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Lucas Delmonico
- 3Oncoclínicas Precision Medicine, Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo 04513-020, Brazil
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Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt2040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been recognised in many fields of medicine for several years. More recently, it has become a topic of increasing interest in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS). With this narrative review, we have aspired to determine different aspects of those nanometrically sized theranostic particles, which seem to have promising potential as biomarkers in some of the most common diseases of the ORL-HNS by being available via less invasive diagnostic methods. At the same time, a better understanding of their activity provides us with new possibilities for developing specific target treatments. So far, most research has been oriented towards the role of EVs in the progression of head and neck cancer, notably head and neck squamous cell cancer. Nonetheless, some of this research has focused on chronic diseases of the ears, nose and paranasal sinuses. However, most research is still in the preclinical or experimental phase. It therefore requires a further and more profound understanding of EV content and behaviour to utilise their nanotheranostic capacities to their fullest potential.
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