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Anwar MM, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Exploring the Significance of Microglial Phenotypes and Morphological Diversity in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Targets. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:891-946. [PMID: 38836373 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2358446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Studying various microglial phenotypes and their functions in neurodegenerative diseases is crucial due to the intricate nature of their phenomics and their vital immunological role. Microglia undergo substantial phenomic changes, encompassing morphological, transcriptional, and functional aspects, resulting in distinct cell types with diverse structures, functions, properties, and implications. The traditional classification of microglia as ramified, M1 (proinflammatory), or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes is overly simplistic, failing to capture the wide range of recently identified microglial phenotypes in various brain regions affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Altered and activated microglial phenotypes deviating from the typical ramified structure are significant features of many neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding the precise role of each microglial phenotype is intricate and sometimes contradictory. This review specifically focuses on elucidating recent modifications in microglial phenotypes within neurodegenerative diseases. Recognizing the heterogeneity of microglial phenotypes in diseased states can unveil novel therapeutic strategies for targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the exploration of the use of healthy isolated microglia to mitigate disease progression has provided an innovative perspective. In conclusion, this review discusses the dynamic landscape of mysterious microglial phenotypes, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding to pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Helbing DL, Haas F, Cirri E, Rahnis N, Dau TTD, Kelmer Sacramento E, Oraha N, Böhm L, Lajqi T, Fehringer P, Morrison H, Bauer R. Impact of inflammatory preconditioning on murine microglial proteome response induced by focal ischemic brain injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1227355. [PMID: 38655254 PMCID: PMC11036884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1227355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroprotection against subsequent cerebral ischemic injury, mainly involving innate immune pathways. Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that respond early to danger signals through memory-like differential reprogramming. However, the cell-specific molecular mechanisms underlying preconditioning are not fully understood. To elucidate the distinct molecular mechanisms of preconditioning on microglia, we compared these cell-specific proteomic profiles in response to LPS preconditioning and without preconditioning and subsequent transient focal brain ischemia and reperfusion, - using an established mouse model of transient focal brain ischemia and reperfusion. A proteomic workflow, based on isolated microglia obtained from mouse brains by cell sorting and coupled to mass spectrometry for identification and quantification, was applied. Our data confirm that LPS preconditioning induces marked neuroprotection, as indicated by a significant reduction in brain infarct volume. The established brain cell separation method was suitable for obtaining an enriched microglial cell fraction for valid proteomic analysis. The results show a significant impact of LPS preconditioning on microglial proteome patterns by type I interferons, presumably driven by the interferon cluster regulator proteins signal transducer and activator of transcription1/2 (STAT1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Lucas Helbing
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabienne Haas
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Emilio Cirri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Rahnis
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Nova Oraha
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Leopold Böhm
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Fehringer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Liu J, Chen QX, Wu WF, Wang D, Zhao SY, Li JH, Chang YQ, Zeng SG, Hu JY, Li YJ, Du JX, Jiao SM, Xiao HC, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhao JF, Zhou HB, Wang YH, Zou J, Sun PH. Novel ligustilide derivatives target quorum sensing system LasR/LasB and relieve inflammatory response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115972. [PMID: 37995562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing antibiotic resistance driven by Pseudomonas aeruginosa typically leads to uncontrolled and persistent inflammatory damage, which is primarily attributed to the virulence and biofilms produced by the bacteria. Herein, we present a novel anti-infective drug strategy designed to inhibit the bacterial quorum sensing system, thereby attenuating P. aeruginosa virulence, and modulating inflammation from drug-resistant bacterial infections. We discovered new quorum sensing LasR/LasB inhibitors derived from the structural modification of a ligustilide derivative library. Of these compounds, 5f demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against LasB (LasB-gfp, IC50 = 8.7 μM) and a moderate inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa biofilms (IC50 = 7.4 μM). Through live image analysis in a fluorescent protein-labeled zebrafish larva model, we observed that compound 5f significantly inhibited the migration of macrophages. Moreover, compound 5f effectively attenuated quorum sensing-mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. It also alleviated the inflammatory response by P. aeruginosa-infected macrophages through the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signal-transduction pathways. Notably, in vivo experiments, this compound demonstrated marked therapeutic effects in acute lung injury models induced by lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa. These results indicate that compound 5f has the potential to be a novel anti-infective candidate against drug-resistant infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
| | - Qiu-Xian Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wen-Fu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yi-Qun Chang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shao-Gao Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jia-Yi Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Du
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Shu-Meng Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Hai-Chuan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jian-Fu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Yong-Heng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Jian Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832099, PR China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China.
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Russ T, Enders L, Zbiegly JM, Potru PS, Wurm J, Spittau B. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Induces Degeneration of mDA Neurons In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2882. [PMID: 38001883 PMCID: PMC10669833 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 1-2% of the population over the age of 60 and the majority of PD cases are sporadic, without any family history of the disease. Neuroinflammation driven by microglia has been shown to promote the progression of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron loss through the release of neurotoxic factors. Interestingly, the risk of developing PD is significantly higher in distinct occupations, such as farming and agriculture, and is linked to the use of pesticides and herbicides. Methods: The neurotoxic features of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) at concentrations of 10 µM and 1 mM were analyzed in two distinct E14 midbrain neuron culture systems and in primary microglia. Results: The application of 1 mM 2,4D resulted in mDA neuron loss in neuron-enriched cultures. Notably, 2,4D-induced neurotoxicity significantly increased in the presence of microglia in neuron-glia cultures, suggesting that microglia-mediated neurotoxicity could be one mechanism for progressive neuron loss in this in vitro setup. However, 2,4D alone was unable to trigger microglia reactivity. Conclusions: Taken together, we demonstrate that 2,4D is neurotoxic for mDA neurons and that the presence of glia cells enhances 2,4D-induced neuron death. These data support the role of 2,4D as a risk factor for the development and progression of PD and further suggest the involvement of microglia during 2,4D-induced mDA neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Russ
- Medical School OWL, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.R.)
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lennart Enders
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (J.M.Z.)
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia M. Zbiegly
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (J.M.Z.)
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Phani Sankar Potru
- Medical School OWL, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.R.)
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Wurm
- Medical School OWL, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.R.)
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Spittau
- Medical School OWL, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.R.)
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (J.M.Z.)
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Xu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Lei Y, Sun Y, He Y, Yang F, Nan W, Xing X, Li Y, Lin J. Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells inhibit neuroinflammation by regulating microglia through the TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3/Casp1 pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106386. [PMID: 36754162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common response in various neurological disorders. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment has become a promising therapy for neuroinflammation-associated diseases. However, the effects of mesenchymal stem cells are controversial, and the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. In the present study, menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells were intravenously transplanted into a mouse model of neuroinflammation established by peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide. Microglial cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide were cultured with conditioned medium from endometrial stem cells. The levels of cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation and death were detected by Cell Counting Kit 8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase 1 (Casp1) were evaluated by western blotting. The results showed that intravenous transplantation of endometrial stem cells downregulated proinflammatory factors and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors in the brain of mice with neuroinflammation. Conditioned medium suppressed the inflammatory reaction and hyperactivation of microglial cells and protected microglial cells from cell death induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3 and Casp1 in the brain of mice with neuroinflammation and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells was downregulated by endometrial stem cells and conditioned medium, respectively. These data suggested that menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells may suppress neuroinflammatory reactions partially by regulating microglia through the TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3/Casp1 signalling pathway. Our findings may be very useful for the development of an alternative stem cell-based therapy for neuroinflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China.
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Ya'nan He
- Zhongyuan Stem Cell Research Institute, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Fen Yang
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenbin Nan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Xuekun Xing
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yonghai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Juntang Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China.
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Effects of NADPH Oxidase Isoform-2 (NOX2) Inhibition on Behavioral Responses and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020416. [PMID: 36830952 PMCID: PMC9953009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase isoform-2 (NOX2) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain (NP), mostly through the modulation of neuroinflammation. Since it is also accepted that some neuroimmune mechanisms underlying NP are sex-dependent, we aimed to evaluate the effects of early systemic treatment with the NOX2-selective inhibitor (NOX2i) GSK2795039 on behavioral responses and spinal neuroinflammation in spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP in male and female mice. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated with the von Frey test, while general well-being and anxiety-like behavior were assessed with burrowing and light/dark box tests. Spinal microglial activation and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, as well as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were evaluated by immunofluorescence and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. NOX2i treatment reduced SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and early SNI-induced microglial activation in both sexes. SNI-females, but not males, showed a transient reduction in burrowing activity. NOX2i treatment did not improve their burrowing activity, but tendentially reduced their anxiety-like behavior. NOX2i marginally decreased IL-6 in females, and increased M-CSF in males. Our findings suggest that NOX2-selective inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NP in both male and female individuals, with particular interest in females due to its apparent favorable impact in anxiety-like behavior.
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Akaishi T, Yamamoto S, Abe K. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses of Microglial Cells by Suppressing AKT-mTOR and NF-κB Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:914-920. [PMID: 37394643 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Microglia-related neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The synthetic flavonoid, 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (3,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone), has been shown to protect brain or myocardial ischemia reperfusion-induced cell death and prevent the aggregation of amyloid-β protein, a process that causes progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we explored the anti-neuroinflammatory ability of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated MG6 microglial cells. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol attenuated LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide secretion in MG6 cells. LPS-induced phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and protein kinase B (AKT) (which are all associated with the neuroinflammatory response in microglia) were attenuated by 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol treatment. Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, NF-κB inhibitor, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, or AKT inhibitor, LY294002, also attenuated LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide secretion in MG6 cells. LY294002 treatment attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of mTOR and NF-κB in MG6 cells. Hence, our study suggests that 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol can attenuate the neuroinflammatory response of microglial cells by suppressing the AKT-mTOR and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Akaishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Kazuho Abe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
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Ma P, Sun C, Liu M, You H, Shen Y, Kang Y, Sun Y, Yang Z, Ma P, Yang L, Xue F. Metagenomic insights into the rumen epithelial integrity responses to the vitamin B1 supplement under high-concentrate diets treatments. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008373. [PMID: 36386689 PMCID: PMC9642323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) becomes the most common nutritional metabolic disease in high-yielding dairy cows and later fatting beef cattle because of the increasing consumption of high-concentrate diets in modern feeding patterns. Our previous research found a certain piece of evidence that adding 180 mg thiamine/kg DMI could increase the rumen pH and regulate the structure of the rumen microbial community in vivo. However, there is still limited experimental data on the effects of SARA on thiamine status, the damage to the structure of rumen epithelial cells, and the underlying mechanism of the epithelium alterations. For this purpose, a total of 18 Angus bulls (average 22.0-months-old) with an average live weight of 567.6 ± 27.4 kg were randomly allocated into a control treatment (CON), a high-concentrate diet treatment (HC), and a high-concentrate diet with the vitamin B1 supplement treatment (HCB). All bulls were conducted with a 7-day adjustment period followed by a 60-day-long main feeding procedure. Results indicated that ADFI and ADG significantly decreased in the HC treatment compared with CON (P < 0.05), while significantly increased after the VB1 supplement (P < 0.05). Besides, ruminal acetate content was significantly downregulated while propionate was significantly upregulated under the HC treatment compared with CON (P < 0.05); however, these alterations showed a completely inverse regulatory effect on the VB1 supplement compared with HC (P < 0.05). These changes causatively induced a significant decrease in the A/P ratio in the HC treatment compared with CON and HCB treatments (P < 0.05). Bacterial communities in the HC treatment could be separated from those in CON through PCoA axes 1 and 2. Meanwhile, the VB1 supplement significantly altered the bacterial communities compared with the HC treatment, except for HCB-3. Furthermore, the HC treatment significantly upregulated the expression of JNK, Bax, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Cyt-C compared with CON, while significantly downregulated the expression of Bcl-2. The VB1 supplement showed a complete converse gene expression compared with HC. In conclusion, the VB1 supplement could effectively attenuate the alterations that occurred when exposed to high-concentrate diets, and help promote production performance through increased fermentability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Taicang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoqun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minze Liu
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
| | - Hongnan You
- School of Foreign Language, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
| | - Pengyun Ma
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Fuguang Xue,
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9
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Chen Y, Wang B, Lai WF, Chen Y, Pan R, Tang Z, Liu D. Chinese herbal formula (GCNY)-medicated serum alleviates peroxidation induced by H2O2 in human microglial cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:990040. [PMID: 36188472 PMCID: PMC9515651 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.990040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine aiming at nourishing yin formed a distinctive school of thought in history to achieve anti-aging and longevity. In the formula Gancao nourishing yin (GCNY) decoction, all of the ingredients show antioxidant properties. However, in real clinical practice, extractions of herbs are rarely applied alone but are prescribed as the integrated formula. To investigate whether GCNY possesses anti-oxidation potential, we applied GCNY to treat rats to acquire medicated serum, which was then added on H2O2 (200 μM)-modeled human microglial cell line HMC-3 in comparison with its control serum. The results revealed that GCNY-medicated serum decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Inflammatory cytokines such as pNF-κB p65 (ser536) and IL-6 were also decreased. Nrf2 and its pathway-related molecules, such as HO1, ABCC2, GLCM, ME1, NQO1, and TKT, were activated by H2O2 modeling while declined by treating with GCNY-medicated serum, which indicated attenuated oxidative stress of GCNY. Furthermore, mRNA-seq analysis showed 58 differential expressed genes (DEGs), which were enriched in pathways including antigen processing and presentation, longevity regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, and Parkinson’s disease progression. DEGs that were downregulated by H2O2 modeling but upregulated by GCNY treatment include CENPF, MKI67, PRR11, and TOP2A. Those targets were reported to be associated with the cell cycle and cell proliferation and belong to the category of growth factor genes. In conclusion, this study verified anti-oxidation effects of GCNY and indicated its promising application for cognitive degeneration and aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baojiang Wang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongbin Pan
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Dongzhou Liu,
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