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Wang K, Nagai H, Rajib SA, Satou Y, Ueno M. Decreased mitochondrial translation confers 3,3'-Diindolylmethane resistance to Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 736:150864. [PMID: 39461006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a compound derived from natural fruits and vegetables, is widely recognized for its anti-cancer activity. However, its action mechanisms remain ambiguous. In this study, to study the molecular mechanism of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane, we identified a novel mutation in the gene of mitochondrial translation elongation factor EF-Ts (tsf1+), a key factor in mitochondrial protein translation, that conferred DIM resistance to Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The tsf1Δ also conferred DIM resistance. Decreased mitochondrial translation was found to be responsible for conferring DIM resistance to Schizosaccharomyces pombe, as the cells gained DIM resistance after treatment with chloramphenicol, a specific mitochondrial translation inhibitor. Notably, tsf1Δ conferred DIM resistance in the absence of either autophagy-related protein, Atg7, or nuclear envelope protein, Lem2, two proteins that have been reported to be required for cell survival in the presence of DIM. Overall, this study revealed novel biological functions of DIM and highlighted its potential as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Wang
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hideto Nagai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Samiul Alam Rajib
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Ueno
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan.
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2
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Kang N, Tan J, Yan S, Lin L, Gao Q. General autophagy-dependent and -independent lipophagic processes collaborate to regulate the overall level of lipophagy in yeast. Autophagy 2024; 20:1523-1536. [PMID: 38425021 PMCID: PMC11210923 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2325297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATION AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FA: fatty acid; LD: lipid droplet; Ld microdomains: liquid-disordered microdomains; NL: neutral lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinling Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sisi Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leiying Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang J, Zou J, Shi Y, Zeng N, Guo D, Wang H, Zhao C, Luan F, Zhang X, Sun J. Traditional Chinese medicine and mitophagy: A novel approach for cardiovascular disease management. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155472. [PMID: 38461630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing an enormous economic burden on individuals and human society. Laboratory studies have identified several drugs that target mitophagy for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Only a few of these drugs have been successful in clinical trials, and most studies have been limited to animal and cellular models. Furthermore, conventional drugs used to treat CVD, such as antiplatelet agents, statins, and diuretics, often result in adverse effects on patients' cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory systems. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained significant attention for its unique theoretical basis and clinical efficacy in treating CVD. PURPOSE This paper systematically summarizes all the herbal compounds, extracts, and active monomers used to target mitophagy for the treatment of CVD in the last five years. It provides valuable information for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, pharmacologists, and clinicians developing herbal medicines with fewer side effects, as well as a useful reference for future mitophagy research. METHODS The search terms "cardiovascular disease," "mitophagy," "herbal preparations," "active monomers," and "cardiac disease pathogenesis" in combination with "natural products" and "diseases" were used to search for studies published in the past five years until January 2024. RESULTS Studies have shown that mitophagy plays a significant role in the progression and development of CVD, such as atherosclerosis (AS), heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia. Herbal compound preparations, crude extracts, and active monomers have shown potential as effective treatments for these conditions. These substances protect cardiomyocytes by inducing mitophagy, scavenging damaged mitochondria, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. They display notable efficacy in combating CVD. CONCLUSION TCM (including herbal compound preparations, extracts, and active monomers) can treat CVD through various pharmacological mechanisms and signaling pathways by inducing mitophagy. They represent a hotspot for future cardiovascular basic research and a promising candidate for the development of future cardiovascular drugs with fewer side effects and better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - He Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Martins TS, Correia M, Pinheiro D, Lemos C, Mendes MV, Pereira C, Costa V. Sit4 Genetically Interacts with Vps27 to Regulate Mitochondrial Function and Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells 2024; 13:655. [PMID: 38667270 PMCID: PMC11049076 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sit4 protein phosphatase plays a key role in orchestrating various cellular processes essential for maintaining cell viability during aging. We have previously shown that SIT4 deletion promotes vacuolar acidification, mitochondrial derepression, and oxidative stress resistance, increasing yeast chronological lifespan. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of isolated vacuoles and yeast genetic interaction analysis to unravel how Sit4 influences vacuolar and mitochondrial function. By employing high-resolution mass spectrometry, we show that sit4Δ vacuolar membranes were enriched in Vps27 and Hse1, two proteins that are part of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-0. In addition, SIT4 exhibited a negative genetic interaction with VPS27, as sit4∆vps27∆ double mutants had a shortened lifespan compared to sit4∆ and vps27∆ single mutants. Our results also show that Vps27 did not increase sit4∆ lifespan by improving protein trafficking or vacuolar sorting pathways. However, Vps27 was critical for iron homeostasis and mitochondrial function in sit4∆ cells, as sit4∆vps27∆ double mutants exhibited high iron levels and impaired mitochondrial respiration. These findings show, for the first time, cross-talk between Sit4 and Vps27, providing new insights into the mechanisms governing chronological lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma S. Martins
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Correia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Denise Pinheiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Vaz Mendes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Mota MN, Matos M, Bahri N, Sá-Correia I. Shared and more specific genetic determinants and pathways underlying yeast tolerance to acetic, butyric, and octanoic acids. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:71. [PMID: 38419072 PMCID: PMC10903034 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The improvement of yeast tolerance to acetic, butyric, and octanoic acids is an important step for the implementation of economically and technologically sustainable bioprocesses for the bioconversion of renewable biomass resources and wastes. To guide genome engineering of promising yeast cell factories toward highly robust superior strains, it is instrumental to identify molecular targets and understand the mechanisms underlying tolerance to those monocarboxylic fatty acids. A chemogenomic analysis was performed, complemented with physiological studies, to unveil genetic tolerance determinants in the model yeast and cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to equivalent moderate inhibitory concentrations of acetic, butyric, or octanoic acids. RESULTS Results indicate the existence of multiple shared genetic determinants and pathways underlying tolerance to these short- and medium-chain fatty acids, such as vacuolar acidification, intracellular trafficking, autophagy, and protein synthesis. The number of tolerance genes identified increased with the linear chain length and the datasets for butyric and octanoic acids include the highest number of genes in common suggesting the existence of more similar toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. Results of this analysis, at the systems level, point to a more marked deleterious effect of an equivalent inhibitory concentration of the more lipophilic octanoic acid, followed by butyric acid, on the cell envelope and on cellular membranes function and lipid remodeling. The importance of mitochondrial genome maintenance and functional mitochondria to obtain ATP for energy-dependent detoxification processes also emerged from this chemogenomic analysis, especially for octanoic acid. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new biological knowledge of interest to gain further mechanistic insights into toxicity and tolerance to linear-chain monocarboxylic acids of increasing liposolubility and reports the first lists of tolerance genes, at the genome scale, for butyric and octanoic acids. These genes and biological functions are potential targets for synthetic biology approaches applied to promising yeast cell factories, toward more robust superior strains, a highly desirable phenotype to increase the economic viability of bioprocesses based on mixtures of volatiles/medium-chain fatty acids derived from low-cost biodegradable substrates or lignocellulose hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Mota
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Matos
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nada Bahri
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
- i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Liu J, Wu Y, Meng S, Xu P, Li S, Li Y, Hu X, Ouyang L, Wang G. Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:22. [PMID: 38262996 PMCID: PMC10807193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or non-selective depending on the way it chooses to degrade substrates. During the process of selective autophagy, damaged and/or redundant organelles like mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes, and lipid droplets are selectively recycled. Specific cargo is delivered to autophagosomes by specific receptors, isolated and engulfed. Selective autophagy dysfunction is closely linked with cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Through reviewing latest research, this review summarized molecular markers and important signaling pathways for selective autophagy, and its significant role in cancers. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for their potential application in anti-tumor therapy, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to supply important scientific references and development directions for the biological mechanisms and drug discovery of anti-tumor targeting selective autophagy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Liu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sha Meng
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Emergency Department, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yuan L, Wang Y, Margulis BA, Song T, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Ectopic BH3-Only Protein Bim Associates with Hsp70 to Regulate Yeast Mitophagy. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 512:292-299. [PMID: 38093134 PMCID: PMC10719147 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923700485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays an essential role to maintain a population of healthy and functional mitochondria for normal cellular metabolism. Acting mainly as one of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family pro-apoptotic members, Bim (also known as BCL2L11) was identified to be a co-chaperone of Hsp70 to promote mitophagy in mammalian cells. Herein, with the help of a specific Hsp70/Bim disruptor and Om45-GFP processing assay, we illustrated that ectopic BimEL is able to promote mitophagy through Hsp70/Bim interaction in yeast, where Bax/Bak is absent. The Hsp70/Bim-mediated mitophagy is conserved in eukaryotes, from yeast to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - B A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ting Song
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Ziqian Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
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Shen J, Ma M, Duan W, Huang Y, Shi B, Wu Q, Wei X. Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2015. [PMID: 37630575 PMCID: PMC10458732 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) reigns as a major cause of clinical candidiasis. C. albicans biofilms are known to increase resistance to antifungal agents, making biofilm-related infections particularly challenging to treat. Drug resistance is of particular concern due to the spread of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens, while autophagy is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of an activator and an inhibitor of autophagy on the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents and the related mechanisms. The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to different antifungal agents after treatment with or without the autophagy activator or inhibitor was evaluated using XTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, as well as the expression of ROS-related and autophagy-related genes, were examined to evaluate the autophagic activity of C. albicans biofilms when treated with antifungal agents. The autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents changed when autophagy changed. The ALP activity and ROS level of C. albicans biofilms increased with the treatment of antifungal agents, and autophagosomes could be observed in C. albicans biofilms. Autophagy was involved in the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Shen
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Banruo Shi
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qiaochu Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
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9
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Chen J, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Wan J. Inhibitive effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on growth and OTA production of Aspergillus niger in vitro and in dried red chilies. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112794. [PMID: 37120239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Mould and mycotoxin contamination is an ongoing issue in agriculture and food industry. Production by Aspergillus niger DTZ-12 in Guizhou dried red chilies was found, leading to significant economic losses. In this study, the inhibitive efficacy (Effective Concentration, EC) of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EUG), carvacrol (CAR), and linalool (LIN) against A. niger DTZ-12 were evaluated. CIN with the best antifungal capacity was then investigated for the comprehensive inhibitory activity against A. niger DTZ-12 including mycelia, spores, and physiological activities. Results showed that CIN can effectively retard mycelial growth, spore germination, and OTA production of A. niger DTZ-12 in vitro and in dried red chilies during storage. At physiological level, CIN can increase cell membrane permeability by reducing the ergosterol, decrease ATP content and ATPase activity, and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cell. These results suggested that CIN displayed a great potential to be employed as a natural and effective alternative preservative during dried red chili storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuanshan Chen
- Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiujin Zhu
- Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Li X, Zhu M, Liu Y, Yang L, Yang J. Aoatg11 and Aoatg33 are indispensable for mitophagy, and contribute to conidiation, the stress response, and pathogenicity in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wan C, Ling Q. Functions of autophagy in chloroplast protein degradation and homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993215. [PMID: 36247630 PMCID: PMC9557084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are defining organelles in plant and algae, which carried out various critical metabolic processes, including photosynthesis. Roles of chloroplast protein homeostasis in plant development and stress adaptation were clearly demonstrated in previous studies, and its maintenance requires internal proteases originated from the prokaryotic ancestor. Recently, increasing evidence revealed that eukaryotic proteolytic pathways, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, are also involved in the turnover of chloroplast proteins, in response to developmental and environmental cues. Notably, chloroplasts can be regulated via the selective degradation of chloroplast materials in a process called chlorophagy. Yet, understandings of the mechanism of chlorophagy are still rudimentary, particularly regarding its initiation and operation. Here we provide an updated overview of autophagy pathways for chloroplast protein degradation and discuss their importance for plant physiology. In addition, recent advance in analogous mitophagy in yeast and mammals will also be discussed, which provides clues for further elucidating the mechanism of chlorophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihua Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and John Innes Centre, Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Shanghai, China
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