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Kwon I, Kim KS, Lee Y. Relationships between endurance exercise training-induced muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of mice. Phys Act Nutr 2024; 28:23-34. [PMID: 39097995 PMCID: PMC11298286 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2024.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance exercise induces muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy; however, the potential role of autophagy in muscle fiber-type transformation remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy in the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, which are metabolically discrete muscles. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to sedentary control (CON) and exercise (EXE) groups. After 1 week of acclimation to treadmill running, the mice in the EXE group ran at 12-15 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. All mice were sacrificed 90 min after the last exercise session, and the targeted tissues were rapidly dissected. The right side of the tissues was used for western blot analysis, whereas the left side was subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Endurance exercise resulted in muscle fiber-type shifting (from type IIa to type I) and autophagy (an increase in LC3-II) in the SOL muscle. However, muscle fiber-type transformation and autophagy were not correlated in the SOL and EDL muscles. Interestingly, in contrast to the canonical autophagy signaling pathways, our study showed that exercise-induced autophagy concurs with enhanced anabolic (increased p-AKTSer473/AKT and p-mTOR/mTORSer2448 ratios) and suppressed catabolic (reduced p-AMPKThr172/AMPK ratio) states. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that chronic endurance exercise-induced muscle fiber-type transformation and autophagy occur in a muscle-specific manner (e.g., SOL). More importantly, our study suggests that endurance training-induced SOL muscle fiber-type transition may underlie metabolic modulations caused by the AMPK and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways rather than autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Kwon
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Lee
- Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Florida, USA
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2
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Zocchi M, Bartolini M, Maier JA, Castiglioni S. Low extracellular magnesium induces phenotypic and metabolic alterations in C2C12-derived myotubes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19425. [PMID: 37940675 PMCID: PMC10632379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) has a pivotal role in upholding skeletal muscle health and optimizing performance. Its deficiency decreases muscle strength, and an association has been reported between Mg intake and sarcopenia. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the repercussions arising from low Mg concentrations on muscle behavior, we employed an in vitro model utilizing C2C12-derived myotubes. Myotubes cultured in low Mg show a significant reduction of thickness and a concomitant down-regulation of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), Myog and Myomixer. In parallel, myotubes shape their metabolism. Glycolysis is inhibited and beta-oxidation increases. These metabolic changes are consistent with the increase of MyHC I (slow) vs. MyHC II (fast) expression. We identified an essential player in these changes, namely nitric oxide (NO), as the increase in NO production appeared to orchestrate the observed modifications in myotube behavior and metabolism under low Mg conditions. Understanding these underlying mechanisms may pave the way for targeted interventions to ameliorate muscle-related conditions associated with Mg deficiency and contribute to enhancing overall muscle health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy.
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3
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Wang JF, Wen DT, Wang SJ, Gao YH, Yin XY. Muscle-specific overexpression of Atg2 gene and endurance exercise delay age-related deteriorations of skeletal muscle and heart function via activating the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway in male Drosophila. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23214. [PMID: 37773768 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301312r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Atg2 is a key gene in autophagy formation and plays an important role in regulating aging progress. Exercise is an important tool to resist oxidative stress in cells and delay muscle aging. However, the relationship between exercise and the muscle Atg2 gene in regulating skeletal muscle aging remains unclear. Here, overexpression or knockdown of muscle Atg2 gene was achieved by constructing the AtgUAS/MhcGal4 system in Drosophila, and these flies were also subjected to an exercise intervention for 2 weeks. The results showed that both overexpression of Atg2 and exercise significantly increased the climbing speed, climbing endurance, cardiac function, and lifespan of aging flies. They also significantly up-regulated the expression of muscle Atg2, AMPK, Sirt1, and PGC-1α genes, and they significantly reduced muscle malondialdehyde and triglyceride. These positive benefits were even more pronounced when the two were combined. However, the effects of Atg2 knockdown on skeletal muscle, heart, and lifespan were reversed compared to its overexpression. Importantly, exercise ameliorated age-related changes induced by Atg2 knockdown. Therefore, current results confirmed that both overexpression of muscle Atg2 and exercise delayed age-related deteriorations of skeletal muscle, the heart function, and lifespan, and exercise could also reverse age-related changes induced by Atg2 knockdown. The molecular mechanism is related to the overexpression of the Atg2 gene and exercise, which increase the activity of the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway, oxidation and antioxidant balance, and lipid metabolism in aging muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Wang
- School of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Tai Wen
- School of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Wang
- School of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hui Gao
- School of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yuan Yin
- School of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China
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4
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Scervino MVM, Fortes MAS, Vitzel KF, de Souza DR, Murata GM, Santana GO, da Silva EB, Levada‐Pires AC, Kuwabara WMT, Loureiro TCA, Curi R. Autophagy signaling in hypertrophied muscles of diabetic and control rats. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1709-1722. [PMID: 37470707 PMCID: PMC10476571 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in cell homeostasis by eliminating nonfunctional components and promoting cell survival. Here, we examined the levels of autophagy signaling proteins after 7 days of overload hypertrophy in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of control and diabetic rats. We compared control and 3-day streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, an experimental model for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). EDL muscles showed increased levels of basal autophagy signaling proteins. The diabetic state did not affect the extent of overload-induced hypertrophy or the levels of autophagy signaling proteins (p-ULK1, Beclin-1, Atg5, Atg12-5, Atg7, Atg3, LC3-I and II, and p62) in either muscle. The p-ULK-1, Beclin-1, and p62 protein expression levels were higher in the EDL muscle than in the soleus before the hypertrophic stimulus. On the contrary, the soleus muscle exhibited increased autophagic signaling after overload-induced hypertrophy, with increases in Beclin-1, Atg5, Atg12-5, Atg7, Atg3, and LC3-I expression in the control and diabetic groups, in addition to p-ULK-1 in the control groups. After hypertrophy, Beclin-1 and Atg5 levels increased in the EDL muscle of both groups, while p-ULK1 and LC3-I increased in the control group. In conclusion, the baseline EDL muscle exhibited higher autophagy than the soleus muscle. Although TDM1 promotes skeletal muscle mass loss and strength reduction, it did not significantly alter the extent of overload-induced hypertrophy and autophagy signaling proteins in EDL and soleus muscles, with the two groups exhibiting different patterns of autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. M. Scervino
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte (ICAFE)Universidade Cruzeiro do SulSão PauloBrazil
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Marco A. S. Fortes
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
- Departmento de NutriçãoCentro Universitário AvantisBalneário CamburiúBrazil
| | - Kaio F. Vitzel
- School of Health Sciences, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Diego R. de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte (ICAFE)Universidade Cruzeiro do SulSão PauloBrazil
- Departamento de Projetos de Pesquisa e EnsinoEscola de Educação Física da Polícia Militar do Estado de São PauloBrazil
| | - Gilson M. Murata
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Giovanna O. Santana
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte (ICAFE)Universidade Cruzeiro do SulSão PauloBrazil
| | - Eliane B. da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte (ICAFE)Universidade Cruzeiro do SulSão PauloBrazil
| | - Adriana C. Levada‐Pires
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte (ICAFE)Universidade Cruzeiro do SulSão PauloBrazil
| | - Wilson M. T. Kuwabara
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Tatiana C. A. Loureiro
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte (ICAFE)Universidade Cruzeiro do SulSão PauloBrazil
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
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Inflammaging: Implications in Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315039. [PMID: 36499366 PMCID: PMC9740553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In a world in which life expectancy is increasing, understanding and promoting healthy aging becomes a contemporary demand. In the elderly, a sterile, chronic and low-grade systemic inflammation known as "inflammaging" is linked with many age-associated diseases. Considering sarcopenia as a loss of strength and mass of skeletal muscle related to aging, correlations between these two terms have been proposed. Better knowledge of the immune system players in skeletal muscle would help to elucidate their implications in sarcopenia. Characterizing the activators of damage sensors and the downstream effectors explains the inference with skeletal muscle performance. Sarcopenia has also been linked to chronic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Implications of inflammatory signals from these diseases negatively affect skeletal muscle. Autophagic mechanisms are closely related with the inflammasome, as autophagy eliminates stress signaling sent by damage organelles, but also acts with an immunomodulatory function affecting immune cells and cytokine release. The use of melatonin, an antioxidant, ROS scavenger and immune and autophagy modulator, or senotherapeutic compounds targeting senescent cells could represent strategies to counteract inflammation. This review aims to present the many factors regulating skeletal muscle inflammaging and their major implications in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia.
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Roberts BM, Deemer SE, Smith DL, Mobley JA, Musi N, Plaisance EP. Effects of an exogenous ketone ester using multi-omics in skeletal muscle of aging C57BL/6J male mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1041026. [PMID: 36458175 PMCID: PMC9707703 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous ketone ester supplementation provides a means to increase circulating ketone concentrations without the dietary challenges imposed by ketogenic diets. Our group has shown that oral R,S-1,3, butanediol diacetoacetate (BD-AcAc2) consumption results in body weight loss or maintenance with moderate increases in circulating ketones. We have previously shown a diet consisting of 25% BD-AcAc2 can maintain lean body mass (LBM) and induce fat mass (FM) loss in young, healthy male mice, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a diet consisting of 25% BD-AcAc2 (ketone ester, KE) would alter body composition, transcriptional regulation, the proteome, and the lipidome of skeletal muscle in aged mice. We hypothesized that the KE group would remain weight stable with improvements in body composition compared to controls, resulting in a healthy aging phenotype. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 16) were purchased from Jackson Laboratories at 72 weeks of age. After 1 week of acclimation, mice were weighed and randomly assigned to one of two groups (n = 8 per group): control (CON) or KE. A significant group by time interaction was observed for body weight (P < 0.001), with KE fed mice weighing significantly less than CON. FM increased over time in the control group but was unchanged in the KE group. Furthermore, LBM was not different between CON and KE mice despite KE mice weighing less than CON mice. Transcriptional analysis of skeletal muscle identified 6 genes that were significantly higher and 21 genes that were significantly lower in the KE group compared to CON. Lipidomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified no differences between groups for any lipid species, except for fatty acyl chains in triacylglycerol which was 46% lower in the KE group. Proteomics analysis identified 44 proteins that were different between groups, of which 11 were lower and 33 were higher in the KE group compared to CON. In conclusion, 72-week-old male mice consuming the exogenous KE, BD-AcAc2, had lower age-related gains in body weight and FM compared to CON mice. Furthermore, transcriptional and proteomics data suggest a signature in skeletal muscle of KE-treated mice consistent with markers of improved skeletal muscle regeneration, improved electron transport chain utilization, and increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Roberts
- Department of Human Studies, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sarah E. Deemer
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James A. Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric P. Plaisance,
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7
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Li H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Han R. Autophagy in striated muscle diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000067. [PMID: 36312227 PMCID: PMC9606591 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired biomolecules and cellular organelles are gradually built up during the development and aging of organisms, and this deteriorating process is expedited under stress conditions. As a major lysosome-mediated catabolic process, autophagy has evolved to eradicate these damaged cellular components and recycle nutrients to restore cellular homeostasis and fitness. The autophagic activities are altered under various disease conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury, sarcopenia, and genetic myopathies, which impact multiple cellular processes related to cellular growth and survival in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Thus, autophagy has been the focus for therapeutic development to treat these muscle diseases. To develop the specific and effective interventions targeting autophagy, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy is altered in heart and skeletal muscle disorders. Herein, we summarize how autophagy alterations are linked to cardiac and skeletal muscle defects and how these alterations occur. We further discuss potential pharmacological and genetic interventions to regulate autophagy activities and their applications in cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Haiwen Li,
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States,Renzhi Han,
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Barrea L, Vetrani C, Caprio M, Cataldi M, Ghoch ME, Elce A, Camajani E, Verde L, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. From the Ketogenic Diet to the Mediterranean Diet: The Potential Dietary Therapy in Patients with Obesity after CoVID-19 Infection (Post CoVID Syndrome). Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:144-165. [PMID: 35524067 PMCID: PMC9075143 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review primarily examines the evidence for areas of consensus and on-going uncertainty or controversy about diet and physical exercise approaches for in the post-CoVID. We propose an ideal dietary and physical activity approach that the patient with obesity should follow after CoVID-19 infection in order to reduce the clinical conditions associated with post-CoVID syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS The CoVID-19 disease pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, has spread all over the globe, infecting hundreds of millions of individuals and causing millions of death. It is also known to be is associated with several medical and psychological complications, especially in patients with obesity and weight-related disorders who in general pose a significant global public health problem, and in specific affected individuals are on a greater risk of developing poorer CoVID-19 clinical outcomes and experience a higher rate of mortality. Little is still known about the best nutritional approach to be adopted in this disease especially in the patients post-CoVID syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, no specific nutritional recommendations exist to manage in the patients post-CoVID syndrome. We report a presentation of nutritional therapeutic approach based on a ketogenic diet protocol followed by a transition to the Mediterranean diet in patients post-infection by CoVID, combined to a physical activity program to address conditions associated with post-CoVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Umanistiche, Centro Direzionale, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, isola F2, 80143, Napoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Medicine and Dentistry, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School of Naples, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Ausilia Elce
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Umanistiche, Centro Direzionale, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, isola F2, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
- PhD Programme in Endocrinological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Elkenani M, Barakat AZ, Held T, Rodrigues DM, Mobarak S, Swarnka S, Adham IM, Mohamed BA. Heat shock protein A4 ablation leads to skeletal muscle myopathy associated with dysregulated autophagy and induced apoptosis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:229. [PMID: 35568953 PMCID: PMC9107738 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular chaperones assist protein folding, facilitate degradation of misfolded polypeptides, and thereby maintain protein homeostasis. Impaired chaperone activity leads to defective protein quality control that is implicated in multiple skeletal muscle diseases. The heat shock protein A4 (HSPA4) acts as a co-chaperone for HSP70. Previously, we showed that Hspa4 deletion causes impaired protein homeostasis in the heart. However, its functional role in skeletal muscle has not been explored. METHODS We performed a comparative phenotypic and biochemical analyses of Hspa4 knockout (KO) mice with wild-type (WT) littermates. RESULTS HSPA4 is markedly upregulated in regenerating WT muscle in vivo, and in differentiated myoblasts in vitro. Hspa4-KO mice are marked by growth retardation and increased variability in body weight, accompanied by 35% mortality rates during the peri-weaning period. The surviving Hspa4-KO mice experienced progressive skeletal muscle myopathy, characterized by increased number of muscle fibers with centralized nuclei, heterogeneous myofiber size distribution, inflammatory cell infiltrates and upregulation of embryonic and perinatal myosin heavy chain transcripts. Hspa4-KO muscles demonstrated an accumulation of autophagosome-associated proteins including microtubule associated protein1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and p62/sequestosome accompanied by increased number of TUNEL-positive nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the indispensable role of HSPA4 in maintenance of muscle integrity through contribution in skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for skeletal muscle morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Elkenani
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amal Z Barakat
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Torsten Held
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Marques Rodrigues
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sherok Mobarak
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Surabhi Swarnka
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Belal A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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10
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Prolonged Endurance Exercise Adaptations Counteract Doxorubicin Chemotherapy-Induced Myotoxicity in Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely used for various types of cancer; however, its accumulation causes myotoxicity and muscle atrophy. Endurance exercise (EXE) has emerged as a vaccine against DOX-induced myotoxicity. However, potential molecular mechanisms of EXE-mediated myocyte protection for the unfavorable muscle phenotype remain unelucidated. In addition, most studies have identified the short-term effects of DOX and EXE interventions, but studies on the prolonged EXE effects used as adjuvant therapy for chronic DOX treatment are lacking. Twelve-week-old adult male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups: sedentary treated with saline (SED-SAL, n = 10), endurance exercise treated saline (EXE-SAL, n = 10), sedentary treated with doxorubicin (SED-DOX, n = 10), and endurance exercise treated with doxorubicin (EXE-DOX, n = 10). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (5 mg/kg) or saline five times biweekly for eight weeks, while a treadmill running exercise was performed. Body composition was assessed and then soleus muscle tissues were excised for histological and biochemical assays. Our data showed that DOX aggravated body composition, absolute soleus muscle mass, and distinct pathological features; also, TOP2B upregulation was linked to DOX-induced myotoxicity. We also demonstrated that EXE-DOX promoted mitochondrial biogenesis (e.g., citrate synthase). However, no alterations in satellite cell activation and myogenesis factors in response to DOX and EXE interventions were observed. Instead, SED-DOX promoted catabolic signaling cascades (AKT-FOXO3α-MuRF-1 axis), whereas EXE-DOX reversed its catabolic phenomenon. Moreover, EXE-DOX stimulated basal autophagy. We showed that the EXE-mediated catabolic paradigm shift is likely to rescue impaired muscle integrity. Thus, our study suggests that EXE can be recommended as an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate DOX-induced myotoxicity.
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Talebi M, Mohammadi Vadoud SA, Haratian A, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Samarghandian S. The interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy: focus on the development of neurological diseases. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2022; 18:3. [PMID: 35093121 PMCID: PMC8799983 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the epidemiological studies, neurological dysfunctions caused by cerebral ischemia or neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have been considered a pointed matter. Mount-up shreds of evidence support that both autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the commencement and progression of neurological diseases. Remarkably, oxidative stress prompted by an increase of ROS threatens cerebral integrity and improves the severity of other pathogenic agents such as mitochondrial damage in neuronal disturbances. Autophagy is anticipated as a cellular defending mode to combat cytotoxic substances and damage. The recent document proposes that the interrelation of autophagy and ROS creates a crucial function in controlling neuronal homeostasis. This review aims to overview the cross-talk among autophagy and oxidative stress and its molecular mechanisms in various neurological diseases to prepare new perceptions into a new treatment for neurological disorders. Furthermore, natural/synthetic agents entailed in modulation/regulation of this ambitious cross-talk are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mohammadi Vadoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Haratian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
- Viatris Pharmaceuticals Inc, 3300 Research Plaza, San Antonio, TX, 78235, USA
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Yazid MD, Hung-Chih C. Perturbation of PI3K/Akt signaling affected autophagy modulation in dystrophin-deficient myoblasts. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:105. [PMID: 34706731 PMCID: PMC8554905 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of dystrophin has gave a massive impact on myotube development in Muscular Dystrophy pathogenesis. One of the conserved signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle differentiation is the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway that plays a vital role in autophagy regulation. To further understand and establish targeted therapy in dystrophin-deficient myoblasts, protein expression profiling has been determined which provides information on perturbed autophagy modulation and activation. METHODS In this study, a dystrophin-deficient myoblast cell line established from the skeletal muscle of a dystrophic (mdx) mouse was used as a model. The dfd13 (dystrophin-deficient) and C2C12 (non-dystrophic) myoblasts were cultured in low mitogen conditions for 10 days to induce differentiation. The cells were subjected to total protein extraction prior to Western blotting assay technique. Protein sub-fractionation has been conducted to determine protein localization. The live-cell analysis of autophagy assay was done using a flow cytometer. RESULTS In our culture system, the dfd13 myoblasts did not achieve terminal differentiation. PTEN expression was profoundly increased in dfd13 myoblasts throughout the differentiation day subsequently indicates perturbation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR regulation. In addition, rictor-mTORC2 was also found inactivated in this event. This occurrence has caused FoxO3 misregulation leads to higher activation of autophagy-related genes in dfd13 myoblasts. Autophagosome formation was increased as LC3B-I/II showed accumulation upon differentiation. However, the ratio of LC3B lipidation and autophagic flux were shown decreased which exhibited dystrophic features. CONCLUSION Perturbation of the PTEN-PI3K/Akt pathway triggers excessive autophagosome formation and subsequently reduced autophagic flux within dystrophin-deficient myoblasts where these findings are of importance to understand Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients. We believe that some manipulation within its regulatory signaling reported in this study could help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Chen Hung-Chih
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Academia Sinica, No. 28, Lane 70, Section 2, Yanjiuyuan Rd, Nangang District, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
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Liu H, Zang P, Lee I(I, Anderson B, Christiani A, Strait‐Bodey L, Breckheimer BA, Storie M, Tewnion A, Krumm K, Li T, Irwin B, Garcia JM. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a mediates ghrelin's effects on attenuating tumour-induced loss of muscle strength but not muscle mass. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1280-1295. [PMID: 34264027 PMCID: PMC8517358 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin may ameliorate cancer cachexia (CC) by preventing anorexia, muscle, and fat loss. However, the mechanisms mediating these effects are not fully understood. This study characterizes the pathways involved in muscle mass and strength loss in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-induced cachexia model, and the effects of ghrelin in mice with or without its only known receptor: the growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a ((GHSR-1a), Ghsr+/+ and Ghsr-/- ). METHODS Five to 7-month-old male C57BL/6J Ghsr+/+ and Ghsr-/- mice were inoculated with 1 × 106 heat-killed (HK) or live LLC cells (tumour implantation, TI). When tumours were palpable (7 days after TI), tumour-bearing mice were injected with vehicle (T + V) or ghrelin twice/day for 14 days (T + G, 0.8 mg/kg), while HK-treated mice were given vehicle (HK + V). Body weight and grip strength were evaluated before TI and at termination (21 days after TI). Hindlimb muscles were collected for analysis. RESULTS Less pronounced body weight (BW) loss (87.70 ± 0.98% vs. 83.92 ± 1.23%, percentage of baseline BW in tumour-bearing Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- , P = 0.008), and lower upregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS, MuRF1/Trim63, 5.71 ± 1.53-fold vs. 9.22 ± 1.94-fold-change from Ghsr+/+ HK + V in tumour-bearing Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- , P = 0.036) and autophagy markers (Becn1, Atg5, Atg7, tumour-bearing Ghsr+/+ < Ghsr-/- , all P < 0.02) were found in T + V Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- mice. Ghrelin attenuated LLC-induced UPS marker upregulation in both genotypes, [Trim63 was decreased from 5.71 ± 1.53-fold to 1.96 ± 0.47-fold in Ghsr+/+ (T + V vs. T + G: P = 0.032) and 9.22 ± 1.94-fold to 4.72 ± 1.06-fold in Ghsr-/- (T + V vs. T + G: P = 0.008)]. Only in Ghsr+/+ mice ghrelin ameliorated LLC-induced grip strength loss [improved from 89.24 ± 3.48% to 97.80 ± 2.31% of baseline (T + V vs. T + G: P = 0.042)], mitophagy markers [Bnip3 was decreased from 2.28 ± 0.56 to 1.38 ± 0.14-fold (T + V vs. T + G: P ≤ 0.05)], and impaired mitochondrial respiration [State 3u improved from 698.23 ± 73.96 to 934.37 ± 95.21 pmol/min (T + V vs. T + G: P ≤ 0.05)], whereas these markers were not improved by ghrelin Ghsr-/- . Compared with Ghsr+/+ , Ghsr-/- tumour-bearing mice also showed decreased response to ghrelin in BW [T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr -/- : 91.75 ± 1.05% vs. 86.18 ± 1.13% of baseline BW, P < 0.001)], gastrocnemius (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 96.9 ± 2.08% vs. 88.15 ± 1.78% of Ghsr+/+ HK + V, P < 0.001) and quadriceps muscle mass (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 96.12 ± 2.31% vs. 88.36 ± 1.94% of Ghsr+/+ HK + V, P = 0.01), and gastrocnemius type IIA (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 1250.49 ± 31.72 vs. 1017.62 ± 70.99 μm2 , P = 0.027) and IIB fibre cross-sectional area (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 2496.48 ± 116.88 vs. 2183.04 ± 103.43 μm2 , P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a mediates ghrelin's effects on attenuating LLC-induced weakness but not muscle mass loss by modulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway, mitophagy, and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Liu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Pu Zang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
- Department of EndocrinologyNanjing Jinling HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Ian (In‐gi) Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Barbara Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Anthony Christiani
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Lena Strait‐Bodey
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Beatrice A. Breckheimer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Mackenzie Storie
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Alison Tewnion
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Kora Krumm
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Theresa Li
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Brynn Irwin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
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Neurohr JM, Paulson ET, Kinsey ST. A higher mitochondrial content is associated with greater oxidative damage, oxidative defenses, protein synthesis and ATP turnover in resting skeletal muscle. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb242462. [PMID: 34581401 PMCID: PMC8541733 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria have historically been considered the primary source of ROS; however, recent literature has highlighted the uncertainty in primary ROS production sites and it is unclear how variation in mitochondrial density influences ROS-induced damage and protein turnover. Fish skeletal muscle is composed of distinct, highly aerobic red muscle and anaerobic white muscle, offering an excellent model system in which to evaluate the relationship of tissue aerobic capacity and ROS-induced damage under baseline conditions. The present study used a suite of indices to better understand potential consequences of aerobic tissue capacity in red and white muscle of the pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides. Red muscle had a 7-fold greater mitochondrial volume density than white muscle, and more oxidative damage despite also having higher activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. The dominant protein degradation system appears to be tissue dependent. Lysosomal degradation markers and autophagosome volume density were greater in white muscle, while ubiquitin expression and 20S proteasome activity were significantly greater in red muscle. However, ubiquitin ligase expression was significantly higher in white muscle. Red muscle had a more than 2-fold greater rate of translation and total ATP turnover than white muscle, results that may be due in part to the higher mitochondrial density and the associated increase in oxidative damage. Together, these results support the concept that an elevated aerobic capacity is associated with greater oxidative damage and higher costs of protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen T. Kinsey
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Biology and Marine Biology, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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15
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Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:118-149. [PMID: 33838253 PMCID: PMC8355044 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and selected extracellular matrix constituents are emerging as intrinsic and critical regulators of evolutionarily conversed, intracellular catabolic pathways. Often, these secreted molecules evoke sustained autophagy in a variety of cell types, tissues, and model systems. The unique properties of proteoglycans have ushered in a paradigmatic shift to broaden our understanding of matrix-mediated signaling cascades. The dynamic cellular pathway controlling autophagy is now linked to an equally dynamic and fluid signaling network embedded in a complex meshwork of matrix molecules. A rapidly emerging field of research encompasses multiple matrix-derived candidates, representing a menagerie of soluble matrix constituents including decorin, biglycan, endorepellin, endostatin, collagen VI and plasminogen kringle 5. These matrix constituents are pro-autophagic and simultaneously anti-angiogenic. In contrast, perlecan, laminin α2 chain, and lumican have anti-autophagic functions. Mechanistically, each matrix constituent linked to intracellular catabolic events engages a specific cell surface receptor that often converges on a common core of the autophagic machinery including AMPK, Peg3 and Beclin 1. We consider this matrix-evoked autophagy as non-canonical given that it occurs in an allosteric manner and is independent of nutrient availability or prevailing bioenergetics control. We propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is an important outside-in signaling mechanism for proper tissue homeostasis that could be therapeutically leveraged to combat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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16
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Yin H, Han S, Cui C, Wang Y, Li D, Zhu Q. Plectin regulates Wnt signaling mediated-skeletal muscle development by interacting with Dishevelled-2 and antagonizing autophagy. Gene 2021; 783:145562. [PMID: 33705811 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the human and animal body, loss of its function can lead to muscle aging and various myogenic diseases. The skeletal muscle development is a complex and tightly regulated process, which is driven by a variety of many factors, signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Plectin (Plec), a cytolinker protein, is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues such as skin, muscle, plasma membrane, and most types of cells. Although known isoforms of Plec is well-characterized in muscle dystrophy, very little is known on the function of Plec in the skeletal muscle development. Here, we found that Plec plays a vital role in promoting C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and proliferation, but inhibits their apoptosis. Also, Plec regulates the expression of atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1 and muRF-1) to rescue muscle atrophy. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that Plec binds to Dishevelled-2 (Dvl-2) and forms a protein complex, which is then activate the canonical Wnt signaling. We also observed that Plec resists ubiquitination by stabilizing Dvl-2 and reduces the level of LC3-labeled Dvl-2 and antagonizes the autophagy system. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Plec regulates canonical Wnt signaling mediated skeletal development by stabilizing Dvl-2 and downregulating the cellular autophagic degradation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shunshun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Xia Q, Huang X, Huang J, Zheng Y, March ME, Li J, Wei Y. The Role of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:638983. [PMID: 33841177 PMCID: PMC8027491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.638983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of tissue in human body, being involved in diverse activities and maintaining a finely tuned metabolic balance. Autophagy, characterized by the autophagosome–lysosome system with the involvement of evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related genes, is an important catabolic process and plays an essential role in energy generation and consumption, as well as substance turnover processes in skeletal muscles. Autophagy in skeletal muscles is finely tuned under the tight regulation of diverse signaling pathways, and the autophagy pathway has cross-talk with other pathways to form feedback loops under physiological conditions and metabolic stress. Altered autophagy activity characterized by either increased formation of autophagosomes or inhibition of lysosome-autophagosome fusion can lead to pathological cascades, and mutations in autophagy genes and deregulation of autophagy pathways have been identified as one of the major causes for a variety of skeleton muscle disorders. The advancement of multi-omics techniques enables further understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of autophagy in skeletal muscle disorders, which may yield novel therapeutic targets for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Xia
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubo Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieru Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Zheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Distinct roles of UVRAG and EGFR signaling in skeletal muscle homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101185. [PMID: 33561544 PMCID: PMC7921879 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autophagy is a physiological self-eating process that can promote cell survival or activate cell death in eukaryotic cells. In skeletal muscle, it is important for maintaining muscle mass and function that is critical to sustain mobility and regulate metabolism. The UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) regulates the early stages of autophagy and autophagosome maturation and plays a key role in endosomal trafficking. This study investigated the essential in vivo role of UVRAG in skeletal muscle biology. Methods To determine the role of UVRAG in skeletal muscle in vivo, we generated muscle-specific UVRAG knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system driven by Myf6 promoter that is exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle. Myf6-Cre+ UVRAGfl/fl (M-UVRAG−/−) mice were compared to littermate Myf6-Cre+ UVRAG+/+ (M-UVRAG+/+) controls under basal conditions on a normal chow diet. Body composition, muscle function, and mitochondria morphology were assessed in muscles of the WT and KO mice at 24 weeks of age. Results M-UVRAG−/− mice developed accelerated sarcopenia and impaired muscle function compared to M-UVRAG+/+ littermates at 24 weeks of age. Interestingly, these mice displayed improved glucose tolerance and increased energy expenditure likely related to upregulated Fgf21, a marker of muscle dysfunction. Skeletal muscle of the M-UVRAG−/− mice showed altered mitochondrial morphology with increased mitochondrial fission and EGFR accumulation reflecting defects in endosomal trafficking. To determine whether increased EGFR signaling had a causal role in muscle dysfunction, the mice were treated with an EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, which partially restored markers of muscle and mitochondrial deregulation. Conversely, constitutively active EGFR transgenic expression in UVRAG-deficient muscle led to further detrimental effects with non-overlapping distinct defects in muscle function, with EGFR activation affecting the muscle fiber type whereas UVRAG deficiency impaired mitochondrial homeostasis. Conclusions Our results show that both UVRAG and EGFR signaling are critical for maintaining muscle mass and function with distinct mechanisms in the differentiation pathway. Deletion of UVRAG in skeletal muscle accelerates muscle wasting with aging. UVRAG in skeletal muscle regulates mitochondrial dynamics and function. UVRAG deletion leads to EGFR accumulation in skeletal muscle. Constitutively active EGFR contributes to muscle fiber type determination.
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Metti S, Gambarotto L, Chrisam M, Baraldo M, Braghetta P, Blaauw B, Bonaldo P. The Polyphenol Pterostilbene Ameliorates the Myopathic Phenotype of Collagen VI Deficient Mice via Autophagy Induction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580933. [PMID: 33134297 PMCID: PMC7550465 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of autophagy, the catabolic pathway by which damaged or unnecessary cellular components are subjected to lysosome-mediated degradation and recycling, is impaired in Collagen VI (COL6) null mice and COL6-related myopathies. This autophagic impairment causes an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which in turn leads to myofiber degeneration. Our previous work showed that reactivation of autophagy in COL6-related myopathies is beneficial for muscle structure and function both in the animal model and in patients. Here we show that pterostilbene (Pt)-a non-toxic polyphenol, chemically similar to resveratrol but with a higher bioavailability and metabolic stability-strongly promotes in vivo autophagic flux in the skeletal muscle of both wild-type and COL6 null mice. Reactivation of autophagy in COL6-deficient muscles was also paralleled by several beneficial effects, including significantly decreased incidence of spontaneous apoptosis, recovery of ultrastructural defects and muscle remodeling. These findings point at Pt as an effective autophagy-inducing nutraceutical for skeletal muscle with great potential in counteracting the major pathogenic hallmarks of COL6-related myopathies, a valuable feature that may be also beneficial in other muscle pathologies characterized by defective regulation of the autophagic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Metti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lisa Gambarotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Chrisam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Baraldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Type 2 diabetes-induced overactivation of P300 contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting autophagic flux. Life Sci 2020; 258:118243. [PMID: 32791154 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although autophagy impairment is a well-established cause of muscle atrophy and P300 has recently been identified as an important regulator of autophagy, the effects of P300 on autophagy and muscle atrophy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain unexplored. We aimed at characterizing the role of P300 in diabetic muscle and its underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS Protein levels of phosphorylated P300, total P300, acetylated histone H3, LC3, p62 and myosin heavy chain, and mRNA levels of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 were analyzed in palmitic acid (PA)-treated myotubes and db/db mice. Autophagic flux was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus transfection in cells. Muscle weight, blood glucose and grip strength were measured in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to determine changes in muscle fiber size. To investigate the effects of P300 on autophagy and myofiber remodeling, a P300 specific inhibitor, c646, was utilized. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was utilized to inhibit autophagosomes formation, and chloroquine (CQ) was used to block autophagic flux. KEY FINDINGS Phosphorylation of P300 in response to PA enhanced its activity and subsequently suppressed autophagic flux, leading to atrophy-related morphological and molecular changes in myotubes. Inhibition of P300 reestablished autophagic flux and ameliorated PA-induced myotubes atrophy. However, this effect was largely abolished by co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor CQ. In vivo results demonstrated that inhibition of P300 partially rescued muscle wasting in db/db mice, accompanied with autophagy reactivation. SIGNIFICANCE The findings revealed that T2D-induced overactivation of P300 contributes to muscle atrophy by blocking autophagic flux.
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Yagisawa Y, Suita K, Ohnuki Y, Ishikawa M, Mototani Y, Ito A, Matsuo I, Hayakawa Y, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Saeki Y, Amitani Y, Nakamura Y, Tomonari H, Okumura S. Effects of occlusal disharmony on cardiac fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and myocyte oxidative DNA damage in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236547. [PMID: 32716920 PMCID: PMC7384634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Occlusal disharmony leads to morphological changes in the hippocampus and osteopenia of the lumbar vertebra and long bones in mice, and causes stress. Various types of stress are associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between occlusal disharmony and cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this work, we examined the effects of occlusal disharmony on cardiac homeostasis in bite-opening (BO) mice, in which a 0.7 mm space was introduced by cementing a suitable applicance onto the mandibular incisior. We first examined the effects of BO on the level of serum corticosterone, a key biomarker for stress, and on heart rate variability at 14 days after BO treatment, compared with baseline. BO treatment increased serum corticosterone levels by approximately 3.6-fold and the low frequency/high frequency ratio, an index of sympathetic nervous activity, was significantly increased by approximately 4-fold by the BO treatment. We then examined the effects of BO treatment on cardiac homeostasis in mice treated or not treated with the non-selective β-blocker propranolol for 2 weeks. Cardiac function was significantly decreased in the BO group compared to the control group, but propranolol ameliorated the dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and myocyte oxidative DNA damage were significantly increased in the BO group, but propranolol blocked these changes. The BO-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with increased phospholamban phosphorylation at threonine-17 and serine-16, as well as inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling and autophagic flux. These data suggest that occlusal disharmony might affect cardiac homeostasis via alteration of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasutake Saeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Amitani
- Department of Mathematics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomonari
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Peng H, Qin X, Chen S, Ceylan AF, Dong M, Lin Z, Ren J. Parkin deficiency accentuates chronic alcohol intake-induced tissue injury and autophagy defects in brain, liver and skeletal muscle. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:665-674. [PMID: 32427312 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism leads to organ injury including mitochondrial defect and apoptosis with evidence favoring a role for autophagy dysregulation in alcoholic damage. Parkin represents an autosomal recessive inherited gene for Parkinson's disease and an important member of selective autophagy for mitochondria. The association between Parkinson's disease and alcoholic injury remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the effect of parkin deficiency on chronic alcohol intake-induced organ injury in brain, liver and skeletal muscle (rectus femoris muscle). Adult parkin-knockout (PRK-/-) and wild-type mice were placed on Liber-De Carli alcohol liquid diet (4%) for 12 weeks prior to assessment of liver enzymes, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, protein carbonyl content, apoptosis, hematoxylin and eosin morphological staining, and mitochondrial respiration (cytochrome c oxidase, NADH:cytochrome c reductase and succinate:cytochrome c reductase). Autophagy protein markers were monitored by western blot analysis. Our data revealed that chronic alcohol intake imposed liver injury as evidenced by elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase, glucose intolerance, elevated protein carbonyl formation, apoptosis, focal inflammation, necrosis, microvesiculation, autophagy/mitophagy failure and dampened mitochondrial respiration (complex IV, complexes I and III, and complexes II and III) in the brain, liver and rectus femoris skeletal muscle. Although parkin ablation itself did not generate any notable effects on liver enzymes, insulin sensitivity, tissue carbonyl damage, apoptosis, tissue morphology, autophagy or mitochondrial respiration, it accentuated alcohol intake-induced tissue damage, apoptosis, morphological change, autophagy/mitophagy failure and mitochondrial injury without affecting insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that parkin plays an integral role in the preservation against alcohol-induced organ injury, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency and ICU, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Asli F Ceylan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaofen Lin
- Department of Emergency and ICU, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yu W, Zha W, Peng H, Wang Q, Zhang S, Ren J. Trehalose Protects against Insulin Resistance-Induced Tissue Injury and Excessive Autophagy in Skeletal Muscles and Kidney. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2077-2085. [PMID: 31538882 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708221539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance refers to a pathological state of compromised sensitivity of insulin to promote glucose uptake and utilization, resulting in compensatory excessive insulin secretion and hyperinsulinemia in an effort to maintain glucose homeostasis. Akt2 represents an important member of the Akt family and plays an essential role in the maintenance of insulin signaling. METHODS This study was designed to examine the effects of trehalose on kidney and skeletal muscle (rectus femoris muscle) injury in an Akt2 knockout-induced model of insulin resistance. Akt2 knockout (Akt2-/-) and adult WT mice were treated with trehalose (1 mg/g/d) intraperitoneally for 2 days, followed by providing 2% trehalose in drinking water for 2 months. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), protein carbonyl content and mitochondrial function (aconitase activity) were examined. Apoptosis and autophagy protein markers were monitored using western blot analysis. RESULTS Akt2 ablation impaired glucose tolerance, promoted protein carbonyl formation and decreased aconitase activity in kidney and skeletal muscles, associated with pronounced apoptosis and overt autophagy, the effects of which, with the exception of IPGTT, were greatly ameliorated or negated by trehalose treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of mTOR was downregulated in both kidney and skeletal muscles from Akt2-/- mice, the effect of which was attenuated by trehalose. Levels of Akt (pan and Akt2) were much lower in Akt2-/- mice, the effect of which was unaffected by trehalose treatment although trehalose itself upregulated Akt levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the autophagy inducer trehalose rescued against insulin resistance-induced kidney and skeletal muscle injury, apoptosis and excessive autophagy, possibly in association with restored mTOR phosphorylation without affecting Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Wenliang Zha
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.,Department of Surgery, Clinic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lipid peroxidation is involved in calcium dependent upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Han S, Cui C, He H, Shen X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhu Q, Yin H. FHL1 regulates myoblast differentiation and autophagy through its interaction with LC3. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4667-4678. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Haorong He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan China
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Kawamura N, Ohnuki Y, Matsuo I, Suita K, Ishikawa M, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Ito A, Yagisawa Y, Hayakawa Y, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Ujiie Y, Gomi K, Okumura S. Effects of chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide infusion on skeletal muscles in mice. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:503-511. [PMID: 30848475 PMCID: PMC10717087 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is caused by various oral organisms, predominantly affects adults, and is one of the main causes of tooth loss, as well as leading to progression of numerous systemic diseases. However, its relationship to sarcopenia (aging-associated degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and function) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) on skeletal muscle in mice, and to establish the underlying mechanisms. Mice (C57BL/6) were injected with PG-LPS (0.8 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. This treatment significantly decreased the weight of fast-twitch skeletal muscles (masseter and tibialis anterior muscles), but not that of slow-twitch skeletal muscle (soleus muscle). The area of fibrosis was significantly increased in masseter muscle, but remained unchanged in the other two muscles. The number of apoptotic myocytes was significantly increased (approximately eightfold) in masseter muscle. These data suggest that persistent subclinical exposure to PG-LPS might reduce the size of fast-twitch skeletal muscle, but not slow-twitch skeletal muscle. Masseter muscle appears to be especially susceptible to the adverse effects of PG-LPS, because muscle remodeling (muscle fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis) was induced solely in masseter muscle. Thus, periodontitis might be one of the major causes of oral sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Ujiie
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
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27
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Ito A, Ohnuki Y, Suita K, Ishikawa M, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Kawamura N, Yagisawa Y, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Nakamura Y, Okumura S. Role of β-adrenergic signaling in masseter muscle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215539. [PMID: 30986276 PMCID: PMC6464212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the major isoform of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) is β2-AR and the minor isoform is β1-AR, which is opposite to the situation in cardiac muscle. Despite extensive studies in cardiac muscle, the physiological roles of the β-AR subtypes in skeletal muscle are not fully understood. Therefore, in this work, we compared the effects of chronic β1- or β2-AR activation with a specific β1-AR agonist, dobutamine (DOB), or a specific β2-AR agonist, clenbuterol (CB), on masseter and cardiac muscles in mice. In cardiac muscle, chronic β1-AR stimulation induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis, whereas chronic β2-AR stimulation induced cardiac hypertrophy without histological abnormalities. In masseter muscle, however, chronic β1-AR stimulation did not induce muscle hypertrophy, but did induce fibrosis and apoptosis concomitantly with increased levels of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) (Thr-202/Tyr-204), calmodulin kinase II (Thr-286) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Ser-2481) phosphorylation. On the other hand, chronic β2-AR stimulation in masseter muscle induced muscle hypertrophy without histological abnormalities, as in the case of cardiac muscle, concomitantly with phosphorylation of Akt (Ser-473) and mTOR (Ser-2448) and increased expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, an autophagosome marker. These results suggest that the β1-AR pathway is deleterious and the β2-AR is protective in masseter muscle. These data should be helpful in developing pharmacological approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Manou D, Caon I, Bouris P, Triantaphyllidou IE, Giaroni C, Passi A, Karamanos NK, Vigetti D, Theocharis AD. The Complex Interplay Between Extracellular Matrix and Cells in Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1952:1-20. [PMID: 30825161 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9133-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the structural integrity of tissues and regulates cell and tissue functions. ECM is comprised of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans (PGs), glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins, creating a heterogeneous but well-orchestrated network. This network communicates with resident cells via cell-surface receptors. In particular, integrins, CD44, discoidin domain receptors, and cell-surface PGs and additionally voltage-gated ion channels can interact with ECM components, regulating signaling cascades as well as cytoskeleton configuration. The interplay of ECM with recipient cells is enriched by the extracellular vesicles, as they accommodate ECM, signaling, and cytoskeleton molecules in their cargo. Along with the numerous biological properties that ECM can modify, autophagy and angiogenesis, which are critical for tissue homeostasis, are included. Throughout development and disease onset and progression, ECM endures rearrangement to fulfill cellular requirements. The main responsible molecules for tissue remodeling are ECM-degrading enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen activators, cathepsins, and hyaluronidases, which can modify the ECM structure and function in a dynamic mode. A brief summary of the complex interplay between ECM macromolecules and cells in tissues and the contribution of ECM in tissue homeostasis and diseases is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Manou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Bouris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Wang Y, Shao Y, Gao Y, Wan G, Wan D, Zhu H, Qiu Y, Ye X. Catalpol prevents denervated muscular atrophy related to the inhibition of autophagy and reduces BAX/BCL2 ratio via mTOR pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 13:243-253. [PMID: 30643390 PMCID: PMC6319426 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s188968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effects of catalpol on muscular atrophy induced by sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI). Methods Seventy male Kunming mice were randomized into five groups (n=10): model, sham, catalpol (Cat), rapamycin (Rapa), and catalpol+rapamycin (Rapa+Cat). The ratio of gastrocnemius muscle wet weight (right/left, R/L) between the operated leg (right) and the normal leg (left) was calculated, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immunohistochemistry assays were performed to observe the change of motor end plate (MEP), along with the sizes of denervated and innervated muscle fibers. The expression levels of LC3II, TUNEL, BAX/BCL-2, LC3II/LC3I and P62, Beclin1, mTOR, and p-mTOR (ser2448) proteins in muscle were examined by fluorescence immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Results Results show that catalpol improved the results of the grid walking tests by reducing the percentage of foot slips, which increased the gastrocnemius muscle wet weight (R/L), enhanced AChE expression at the MEP, and enlarged the section area of the muscle. The expression of LC3II and TUNEL was significantly inhibited by catalpol. The BAX/BCL-2 ratio was significantly increased in muscles of denervated and control groups. Lower LC3II/LC3I and BAX/BCL-2 ratios in denervated muscles were also detected after catalpol treatment. Conclusion These results indicated that apoptosis and autophagy play a role in the regulation of denervation-induced muscle atrophy after SNCI, and catalpol alleviates muscle atrophy through the regulation of muscle apoptosis and autophagy via the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Yali Shao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Yuqing Gao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Guoran Wan
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Xiyue Ye
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
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The role of autophagy in morphogenesis and stem cell maintenance. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:721-732. [PMID: 30382373 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells need to undergo a number of morphological changes that are decisive for the shaping of the embryo's body, initiating organogenesis and differentiation into functional tissues. These remodeling processes are accompanied by profound changes in the cell membrane, the cytoskeleton, organelles, and extracellular matrix composition. While considerably detailed insight into the role of autophagy in stem cells biology has been gained in the recent years, information regarding the participation of autophagy in morphogenetic processes is only sparse. This review, therefore, focuses on the role of autophagy in cell morphogenesis through its regulatory activity in TGFβ signaling, expression of adhesion molecules and cell cycle modification. It also discusses the role of autophagy in stem cell maintenance which is very fundamental for cell renewal and replacement during development, pathogenesis of certain diseases and development of therapies. We are thus addressing here perspectives for further potentially rewarding research topics.
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Exercise prevents impaired autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11818. [PMID: 30087400 PMCID: PMC6081439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased proteolytic activity has been widely associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. However, elevated proteolysis is also critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by disposing cytotoxic proteins and non-functioning organelles. We recently demonstrated that exercise activates autophagy and re-establishes proteostasis in cardiac diseases. Here, we characterized the impact of exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy induced by sciatic nerve constriction in rats. Neurogenic myopathy, characterized by progressive atrophy and impaired contractility, was paralleled by accumulation of autophagy-related markers and loss of acute responsiveness to both colchicine and chloroquine. These changes were correlated with elevated levels of damaged proteins, chaperones and pro-apoptotic markers compared to control animals. Sustained autophagy inhibition using chloroquine in rats (50 mg.kg-1.day-1) or muscle-specific deletion of Atg7 in mice was sufficient to impair muscle contractility in control but not in neurogenic myopathy, suggesting that dysfunctional autophagy is critical in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Finally, 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training (moderate treadmill running, 5x/week, 1 h/day) prior to neurogenic myopathy improved skeletal muscle autophagic flux and proteostasis. These changes were followed by spared muscle mass and better contractility properties. Taken together, our findings suggest the potential value of exercise in maintaining skeletal muscle proteostasis and slowing down the progression of neurogenic myopathy.
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Extracellular matrix: The driving force of mammalian diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:1-9. [PMID: 29625183 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Like the major theme of a Mozart concerto, the immense and pervasive extracellular matrix drives each movement and ultimately closes the symphony, embracing a unique role as the fundamental mediator for most, if not all, ensuing intracellular events. As such, it comes as no surprise that the mechanism of just about every known disease can be traced back to some part of the matrix, typically in the form of an abnormal amount or activity level of a particular matrix component. These defects considerably affect downstream signaling axes leading to overt cellular dysfunction, organ failure, and death. From skin to bone, from vessels to brain, from eyes to all the internal organs, the matrix plays an incredible role as both a cause and potential means to reverse diseases. Human malaises including connective tissue disorders, muscular dystrophy, fibrosis, and cancer are all extracellular matrix-driven diseases. The ability to understand and modulate these matrix-related mechanisms may lead to the future discovery of novel therapeutic options for these patients.
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Mizuguchi Y, Yatabe M, Morishima N, Morimoto S, Ichihara A. Buffering roles of (pro)renin receptor in starvation-induced autophagy of skeletal muscles. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13587. [PMID: 29488348 PMCID: PMC5828934 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process contributing to the regulation of nutrient homeostasis and cellular remodeling. Studies revealed that the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays a key role in lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic pathways. The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a multifunctional protein playing a pivotal role in regulation of the tissue renin-angiotensin system and is known as an essential constituent of vacuolar H+ -ATPase, considered to be necessary for the autophagy-lysosome pathway. On the basis of these findings, we postulated that (P)RR may also contribute to the regulation of starvation-induced autophagy. In this study, starvation increased the expression of (P)RR and autophagy-related genes, especially, in the skeletal muscles of mice. In C2C12 mouse myoblast cells, starvation increased (P)RR expression and TFEB translocation, leading to the expression of autophagy-related genes. Knockdown of (P)RR enhanced both the TFEB translocation to the nucleus and the expression of autophagy-related genes during starvation. These results suggest that (P)RR plays a buffering role in starvation-induced autophagy by affecting the nuclear translocation of TFEB. Thus, (P)RR, which increases during starvation, is one of the important factors that control autophagy in the skeletal muscles. (P)RR may act as a buffer to reduce excessive TFEB-dependent autophagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuguchi
- Department of Medicine II, Endocrinology and HypertensionTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Midori Yatabe
- Department of Medicine II, Endocrinology and HypertensionTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Morishima
- Department of Medicine II, Endocrinology and HypertensionTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Medicine II, Endocrinology and HypertensionTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Department of Medicine II, Endocrinology and HypertensionTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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Spaulding HR, Kelly EM, Quindry JC, Sheffield JB, Hudson MB, Selsby JT. Autophagic dysfunction and autophagosome escape in the mdx mus musculus model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28834378 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein and results in a host of secondary effects. Emerging evidence suggests that dystrophic pathology includes decreased pro-autophagic signalling and suppressed autophagic flux in skeletal muscle, but the relationship between autophagy and disease progression is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which basal autophagy changes with disease progression. We hypothesized that autophagy impairment would increase with advanced disease. METHODS To test this hypothesis, 7-week-old and 17-month-old dystrophic diaphragms were compared to each other and age-matched controls. RESULTS Changes in protein markers of autophagy indicate impaired autophagic stimulation through AMPK, however, robust pathway activation in dystrophic muscle, independent of disease severity. Relative protein abundance of p62, an inverse correlate of autophagic degradation, was dramatically elevated with disease regardless of age. Likewise, relative protein abundance of Lamp2, a lysosome marker, was decreased twofold at 17 months of age in dystrophic muscle and was confirmed, along with mislocalization, in histological samples, implicating lysosomal dysregulation in this process. In dystrophic muscle, autophagosome-sized p62-positive foci were observed in the extracellular space. Moreover, we found that autophagosomes were released from both healthy and dystrophic diaphragms into the extracellular environment, and the occurrence of autophagosome escape was more frequent in dystrophic muscle. CONCLUSION These findings suggest autophagic dysfunction proceeds independent of disease progression and blunted degradation of autophagosomes is due in part to decreased lysosome abundance, and contributes to autophagosomal escape to the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. R. Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - E. M. Kelly
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research; Camden NJ USA
| | - J. C. Quindry
- Department of Health and Human Performance; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - J. B. Sheffield
- Department of Biology; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M. B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology; University of Delaware; Newark DE USA
| | - J. T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
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Comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs with associated co-expression and ceRNA networks in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Gene 2018; 647:164-173. [PMID: 29331478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in the modulation of muscle development and muscle-related diseases. To explore potential regulators of muscle differentiation, we determined the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line using microarray analysis. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore their function. We also constructed co-expression, cis/trans-regulation, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks with bioinformatics methods. We found that 3067 lncRNAs and 3235 mRNAs were differentially regulated (fold change ≥2.0). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the principal functions of the transcripts were related to muscle structure development and morphogenesis. Co-expression analysis showed 261 co-expression relationships between 233 lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs, and nine lncRNAs interacted with myog and MEF2C collectively. Cis/trans-regulation prediction revealed that lncRNA Myh6 could be a valuable gene via cis-regulation, and lncRNAs such as 2310043L19Ris, V00821, and AK139352 may participate in particular pathways regulated by transcription factors, including myog, myod1, and foxo1. The myog-specific ceRNA network covered 10 lncRNAs, 378 miRNAs, and 1960 edges. The upregulated lncRNAs Filip1, Myl1, and 2310043L19Rik may promote myog expression by acting as ceRNAs. Our results offer a new perspective on the modulation of lncRNAs in muscle differentiation.
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Effects of Cobalt Chloride, a Hypoxia-Mimetic Agent, on Autophagy and Atrophy in Skeletal C2C12 Myotubes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7097580. [PMID: 28706950 PMCID: PMC5494548 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7097580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-induced autophagy and muscle wasting occur in several environmental and pathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the hypoxia-mimetic agent CoCl2 on autophagy and muscle atrophy are still unclear. Methods C2C12 myotubes were exposed to increasing concentrations of CoCl2 for 24 hours. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to confirm autophagy occurs. Autophagy proteins were measured to understand the molecule mechanisms. We also inhibited hypoxic autophagy and examined the changes in myogenin expression, myotubes formation, and apoptosis. Results Our results showed that CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia upregulated the expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3, HIF-1α, BNIP3, p-AMPKα, and beclin-1, whereas p62 and p-mTOR were downregulated. In addition, the autophagosome could be observed after CoCl2 induction. The expression of the autophagy-related E3 ligase parkin and the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 was increased by CoCl2. Inhibition of autophagy by 3MA increased myogenin expression and promoted myotubes formation and the percentage of cell death was decreased. Conclusions Our results confirmed that CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia induced autophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/beclin-1 and AMPK/mTOR pathways. Our results also revealed an important link between autophagy and muscle atrophy under hypoxia, which may help to develop new therapeutic strategies for muscle diseases.
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Xue R, Zeng J, Chen Y, Chen C, Tan W, Zhao J, Dong B, Sun Y, Dong Y, Liu C. Sestrin 1 ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy via autophagy activation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1193-1205. [PMID: 28181410 PMCID: PMC5431155 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Autophagy is acknowledged to be an important mechanism regulating cardiac hypertrophy. Sestrin 1, a downstream target gene of p53, has been proven to regulate autophagy. However, the role of Sestrin 1 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. Our study showed that Sestrin 1 mRNA and protein expression declined in pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy and phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Knockdown of Sestrin 1 by RNAi deteriorated PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy, whereas the overexpression of Sestrin 1 by adenovirus transfection blunted hypertrophy. We discovered that knockdown of Sestrin 1 resulted in impaired autophagy while overexpression of Sestrin 1 resulted in increased autophagy without affecting lysosomal function. In addition, the antihypertrophic effect of Sestrin 1 overexpression was eliminated by autophagy blockade. Importantly, Sestrin 1 targets at the AMPK/mTORC1/autophagy pathway to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by interaction with AMPK which is responsible for autophagy regulation. Taken together, our data indicate that Sestrin 1 regulates AMPK/mTORC1/autophagy axis to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Tan
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
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Torres A, Gubbiotti MA, Iozzo RV. Decorin-inducible Peg3 Evokes Beclin 1-mediated Autophagy and Thrombospondin 1-mediated Angiostasis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5055-5069. [PMID: 28174297 PMCID: PMC5377817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered that systemic delivery of decorin for treatment of breast carcinoma xenografts induces paternally expressed gene 3 (Peg3), an imprinted gene encoding a zinc finger transcription factor postulated to function as a tumor suppressor. Here we found that de novo expression of Peg3 increased Beclin 1 promoter activity and protein expression. This process required the full-length Peg3 as truncated mutants lacking either the N-terminal SCAN domain or the zinc fingers failed to translocate to the nucleus and promote Beclin 1 transcription. Importantly, overexpression of Peg3 in endothelial cells stimulated autophagy and concurrently inhibited endothelial cell migration and evasion from a 3D matrix. Mechanistically, we found that Peg3 induced the secretion of the powerful angiostatic glycoprotein Thrombospondin 1 independently of Beclin 1 transcriptional induction. Thus, we provide a new mechanism whereby Peg3 can simultaneously evoke autophagy in endothelial cells and attenuate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Torres
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Maria A Gubbiotti
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Mansueto G, Armani A, Viscomi C, D'Orsi L, De Cegli R, Polishchuk EV, Lamperti C, Di Meo I, Romanello V, Marchet S, Saha PK, Zong H, Blaauw B, Solagna F, Tezze C, Grumati P, Bonaldo P, Pessin JE, Zeviani M, Sandri M, Ballabio A. Transcription Factor EB Controls Metabolic Flexibility during Exercise. Cell Metab 2017; 25:182-196. [PMID: 28011087 PMCID: PMC5241227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor EB (TFEB) is an essential component of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy for the adaptive response to food deprivation. To address the physiological function of TFEB in skeletal muscle, we have used muscle-specific gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Here, we show that TFEB controls metabolic flexibility in muscle during exercise and that this action is independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator1α (PGC1α). Indeed, TFEB translocates into the myonuclei during physical activity and regulates glucose uptake and glycogen content by controlling expression of glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, and pathways related to glucose homeostasis. In addition, TFEB induces the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. This coordinated action optimizes mitochondrial substrate utilization, thus enhancing ATP production and exercise capacity. These findings identify TFEB as a critical mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Mansueto
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca D'Orsi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cegli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchet
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haihong Zong
- Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Intestinal Research Institute, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Francesca Solagna
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Caterina Tezze
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova 35129, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Biasutto L, Azzolini M, Szabò I, Zoratti M. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore in AD 2016: An update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1863:2515-30. [PMID: 26902508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30years the mitochondrial permeability transition - the permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane due to the opening of a wide pore - has progressed from being considered a curious artifact induced in isolated mitochondria by Ca(2+) and phosphate to a key cell-death-inducing process in several major pathologies. Its relevance is by now universally acknowledged and a pharmacology targeting the phenomenon is being developed. The molecular nature of the pore remains to this day uncertain, but progress has recently been made with the identification of the FOF1 ATP synthase as the probable proteic substrate. Researchers sharing this conviction are however divided into two camps: these believing that only the ATP synthase dimers or oligomers can form the pore, presumably in the contact region between monomers, and those who consider that the ring-forming c subunits in the FO sector actually constitute the walls of the pore. The latest development is the emergence of a new candidate: Spastic Paraplegia 7 (SPG7), a mitochondrial AAA-type membrane protease which forms a 6-stave barrel. This review summarizes recent developments of research on the pathophysiological relevance and on the molecular nature of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Azzolini
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biology, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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Goode JM, Pearen MA, Tuong ZK, Wang SCM, Oh TG, Shao EX, Muscat GEO. The Nuclear Receptor, Nor-1, Induces the Physiological Responses Associated With Exercise. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:660-76. [PMID: 27144290 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle remodels metabolic capacity, contractile and exercise phenotype in response to physiological demands. This adaptive remodeling response to physical activity can ameliorate/prevent diseases associated with poor diet and lifestyle. Our previous work demonstrated that skeletal muscle-specific transgenic expression of the neuron-derived orphan nuclear receptor, Nor-1 drives muscle reprogramming, improves exercise endurance, and oxidative metabolism. The current manuscript investigates the association between exercise, Nor-1 expression and the role of Nor-1 in adaptive remodeling. We demonstrate that Nor-1 expression is induced by exercise and is dependent on calcium/calcineurin signaling (in vitro and in vivo). Analysis of fatigue-resistant transgenic mice that express Nor-1 in skeletal muscle revealed increased hypertrophy and vascularization of muscle tissue. Moreover, we demonstrate that transgenic Nor-1 expression is associated with increased intracellular recycling, ie, autophagy, involving 1) increased expression of light chain 3A or LC3A-II, autophagy protein 5, and autophagy protein 12 in quadriceps femoris muscle extracts from Tg-Nor-1 (relative to Wild-type (WT) littermates); 2) decreased p62 expression indicative of increased autophagolysosome assembly; and 3) decreased mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activity. Transfection of LC3A-GFP-RFP chimeric plasmid demonstrated that autophagolysosome formation was significantly increased by Nor-1 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated a single bout of exercise induced LC3A-II expression in skeletal muscle from C57BL/6 WT mice. This study, when combined with our previous studies, demonstrates that Nor-1 expression drives multiple physiological changes/pathways that are critical to the beneficial responses of muscle to exercise and provides insights into potential pharmacological manipulation of muscle reprogramming for the treatment of lifestyle induced chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Goode
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J.M.G., M.A.P., Z.K.T., S.-C.W., T.G.O., E.X.S., G.E.O.M.), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (M.A.P.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Michael A Pearen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J.M.G., M.A.P., Z.K.T., S.-C.W., T.G.O., E.X.S., G.E.O.M.), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (M.A.P.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J.M.G., M.A.P., Z.K.T., S.-C.W., T.G.O., E.X.S., G.E.O.M.), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (M.A.P.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Shu-Ching M Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J.M.G., M.A.P., Z.K.T., S.-C.W., T.G.O., E.X.S., G.E.O.M.), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (M.A.P.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J.M.G., M.A.P., Z.K.T., S.-C.W., T.G.O., E.X.S., G.E.O.M.), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (M.A.P.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Emily X Shao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J.M.G., M.A.P., Z.K.T., S.-C.W., T.G.O., E.X.S., G.E.O.M.), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (M.A.P.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - George E O Muscat
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J.M.G., M.A.P., Z.K.T., S.-C.W., T.G.O., E.X.S., G.E.O.M.), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (M.A.P.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Hood DA. Chronology of UPR activation in skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic contractile activity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C1024-36. [PMID: 27122157 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00009.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein responses (UPR(mt) and UPR(ER)) are important for cellular homeostasis during stimulus-induced increases in protein synthesis. Exercise triggers the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins, regulated in part by peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). To investigate the role of the UPR in exercise-induced adaptations, we subjected rats to 3 h of chronic contractile activity (CCA) for 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 days followed by 3 h of recovery. Mitochondrial biogenesis signaling, through PGC-1α mRNA, increased 14-fold after 1 day of CCA. This resulted in 10-32% increases in cytochrome c oxidase activity, indicative of mitochondrial content, between days 3 and 7, as well as increases in the autophagic degradation of p62 and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (LC3)-II protein. Before these adaptations, the UPR(ER) transcripts activating transcription factor-4, spliced X-box-binding protein 1, and binding immunoglobulin protein were elevated (1.3- to 3.8-fold) at days 1-3, while CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and chaperones binding immunoglobulin protein and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 were elevated at mRNA and protein levels (1.5- to 3.9-fold) at days 1-7 of CCA. The mitochondrial chaperones 10-kDa chaperonin, HSP60, and 75-kDa mitochondrial HSP, the protease ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit, and the regulatory protein sirtuin-3 of the UPR(mt) were concurrently induced 10-80% between days 1 and 7 To test the role of the UPR in CCA-induced remodeling, we treated animals with the endoplasmic reticulum stress suppressor tauroursodeoxycholic acid and subjected them to 2 or 7 days of CCA. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuated CHOP and HSP70 protein induction; however, this failed to impact mitochondrial remodeling. Our data indicate that signaling to the UPR is rapidly activated following acute contractile activity, that this is attenuated with repeated bouts, and that the UPR is involved in chronic adaptations to CCA; however, this appears to be independent of CHOP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Scotton C, Bovolenta M, Schwartz E, Falzarano MS, Martoni E, Passarelli C, Armaroli A, Osman H, Rodolico C, Messina S, Pegoraro E, D'Amico A, Bertini E, Gualandi F, Neri M, Selvatici R, Boffi P, Maioli MA, Lochmüller H, Straub V, Bushby K, Castrignanò T, Pesole G, Sabatelli P, Merlini L, Braghetta P, Bonaldo P, Bernardi P, Foley R, Cirak S, Zaharieva I, Muntoni F, Capitanio D, Gelfi C, Kotelnikova E, Yuryev A, Lebowitz M, Zhang X, Hodge BA, Esser KA, Ferlini A. Deep RNA profiling identified CLOCK and molecular clock genes as pathophysiological signatures in collagen VI myopathy. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1671-84. [PMID: 26945058 PMCID: PMC4852766 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI myopathies are genetic disorders caused by mutations in collagen 6 A1, A2 and A3 genes, ranging from the severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy to the milder Bethlem myopathy, which is recapitulated by collagen-VI-null (Col6a1(-/-)) mice. Abnormalities in mitochondria and autophagic pathway have been proposed as pathogenic causes of collagen VI myopathies, but the link between collagen VI defects and these metabolic circuits remains unknown. To unravel the expression profiling perturbation in muscles with collagen VI myopathies, we performed a deep RNA profiling in both Col6a1(-/-)mice and patients with collagen VI pathology. The interactome map identified common pathways suggesting a previously undetected connection between circadian genes and collagen VI pathology. Intriguingly, Bmal1(-/-)(also known as Arntl) mice, a well-characterized model displaying arrhythmic circadian rhythms, showed profound deregulation of the collagen VI pathway and of autophagy-related genes. The involvement of circadian rhythms in collagen VI myopathies is new and links autophagy and mitochondrial abnormalities. It also opens new avenues for therapies of hereditary myopathies to modulate the molecular clock or potential gene-environment interactions that might modify muscle damage pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scotton
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Matteo Bovolenta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Elena Schwartz
- Ariadne Diagnostics, LLC, 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 115, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Maria Sofia Falzarano
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Elena Martoni
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara Passarelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Annarita Armaroli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Hana Osman
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesca Gualandi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Marcella Neri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Rita Selvatici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boffi
- Department of Neurology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital Turin, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Maioli
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Jon Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- Jon Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Katherine Bushby
- Jon Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Tiziana Castrignanò
- SCAI SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department, Cineca, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Luciano Merlini
- SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Reghan Foley
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Irina Zaharieva
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- University of Milan, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- University of Milan, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Milan 20090, Italy
| | | | - Anton Yuryev
- Ariadne Genomics, LLC, 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 113, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael Lebowitz
- Ariadne Diagnostics, LLC, 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 115, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian A Hodge
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Choi JW, Jo A, Kim M, Park HS, Chung SS, Kang S, Park KS. BNIP3 is essential for mitochondrial bioenergetics during adipocyte remodelling in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:571-81. [PMID: 26693709 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Adipose tissue is a highly versatile system in which mitochondria in adipocytes undergo significant changes during active tissue remodelling. BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a mitochondrial protein and a known mitochondrial quality regulator. In this study, we investigated the role of BNIP3 in adipocytes, specifically under conditions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-induced adipose tissue remodelling. METHODS The expression of BNIP3 was evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro, C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet and db/db mice in vivo. Mitochondrial bioenergetics was investigated in BNIP3-knockdown adipocytes after rosiglitazone treatment. A putative peroxisome proliferator hormone responsive element (PPRE) was characterised by promoter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS The protein BNIP3 was more abundant in brown adipose tissue than white adipose tissue. Furthermore, BNIP3 expression was upregulated by 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation, starvation and rosiglitazone treatment. Conversely, BNIP3 expression in adipocytes decreased under various conditions associated with insulin resistance. This downregulation of BNIP3 was restored by rosiglitazone treatment. Knockdown of BNIP3 in adipocytes inhibited rosiglitazone-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and function, partially mediated by the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, co-activator 1 α (PGC1α) signalling pathway. Rosiglitazone treatment increased the transcription level of Bnip3 in the reporter assay and the presence of the PPRE site in the Bnip3 promoter was demonstrated by EMSA. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The protein BNIP3 contributes to the improvement of mitochondrial bioenergetics that occurs on exposure to rosiglitazone. It may be a novel therapeutic target for restoring mitochondrial dysfunction under insulin-resistant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anna Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro (146-92 Dogok-dong), Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro (146-92 Dogok-dong), Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Young CNJ, Sinadinos A, Lefebvre A, Chan P, Arkle S, Vaudry D, Gorecki DC. A novel mechanism of autophagic cell death in dystrophic muscle regulated by P2RX7 receptor large-pore formation and HSP90. Autophagy 2015; 11:113-30. [PMID: 25700737 PMCID: PMC4502824 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.994402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
P2RX7 is an ATP-gated ion channel, which can also exhibit an open state with a considerably wider permeation. However, the functional significance of the movement of molecules through the large pore (LP) and the intracellular signaling events involved are not known. Here, analyzing the consequences of P2RX7 activation in primary myoblasts and myotubes from the Dmdmdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we found ATP-induced P2RX7-dependent autophagic flux, leading to CASP3-CASP7-independent cell death. P2RX7-evoked autophagy was triggered by LP formation but not Ca2+ influx or MAPK1-MAPK3 phosphorylation, 2 canonical P2RX7-evoked signals. Phosphoproteomics, protein expression inference and signaling pathway prediction analysis of P2RX7 signaling mediators pointed to HSPA2 and HSP90 proteins. Indeed, specific HSP90 inhibitors prevented LP formation, LC3-II accumulation, and cell death in myoblasts and myotubes but not in macrophages. Pharmacological blockade or genetic ablation of p2rx7 also proved protective against ATP-induced death of muscle cells, as did inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA. The functional significance of the P2RX7 LP is one of the great unknowns of purinergic signaling. Our data demonstrate a novel outcome—autophagy—and show that molecules entering through the LP can be targeted to phagophores. Moreover, we show that in muscles but not in macrophages, autophagy is needed for the formation of this LP. Given that P2RX7-dependent LP and HSP90 are critically interacting in the ATP-evoked autophagic death of dystrophic muscles, treatments targeting this axis could be of therapeutic benefit in this debilitating and incurable form of muscular dystrophy.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- ACTB, actin, β
- ATP
- BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy-related
- BzATP, 2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5′-triphosphate
- CASP, caspase
- DAPC, dystrophin associated protein complex
- DMD
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Dmdmdx p2rx7−/− double-mutant mouse model
- Dmdmdx, C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx/J mouse model of DMD
- EtBr, ethidium bromide
- GA, geldanamycin
- HSP70
- HSP90
- HSP90, heat shock protein 90
- HSPA2/HSP70, heat shock protein 2
- LC3
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LP, large pore, P2RX7-dependent
- LY, Lucifer Yellow
- MAP1LC3B/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- P2RX7
- P2RX7, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, class III
- Wt, C57BL/10ScSn wild-type mouse
- autophagy
- cell death
- eATP, extracellular ATP
- purinoceptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N J Young
- a Molecular Medicine Laboratory; Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences ; University of Portsmouth ; Portsmouth , UK
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Palmitate activates mTOR/p70S6K through AMPK inhibition and hypophosphorylation of raptor in skeletal muscle cells: Reversal by oleate is similar to metformin. Biochimie 2015; 118:141-50. [PMID: 26344902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive saturated free fatty acids (SFFAs; e.g. palmitate) in blood are a pathogenic factor in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and liver failure. In contrast, monounsaturated free fatty acids (e.g. oleate) prevent the toxic effect of SFFAs in various types of cells. The mechanism is poorly understood and involvement of the mTOR complex is untested. In the present study, we demonstrate that oleate preconditioning, as well as coincubation, completely prevented palmitate-induced markers of inflammatory signaling, insulin resistance and cytotoxicity in C2C12 myotubes. We then examined the effect of palmitate and/or oleate on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal path and whether their link is mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Palmitate decreased the phosphorylation of raptor and 4E-BP1 while increasing the phosphorylation of p70S6K. Palmitate also inhibited phosphorylation of AMPK, but did not change the phosphorylated levels of mTOR or rictor. Oleate completely prevented the palmitate-induced dysregulation of mTOR components and restored pAMPK whereas alone it produced no signaling changes. To understand this more, we show activation of AMPK by metformin also prevented palmitate-induced changes in the phosphorylations of raptor and p70S6K, confirming that the mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway is responsive to AMPK activity. By contrast, inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation by Compound C worsened palmitate-induced changes and correspondingly blocked the protective effect of oleate. Finally, metformin modestly attenuated palmitate-induced insulin resistance and cytotoxicity, as did oleate. Our findings indicate that palmitate activates mTORC1/p70S6K signaling by AMPK inhibition and phosphorylation of raptor. Oleate reverses these effects through a metformin-like facilitation of AMPK.
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Oliván S, Calvo AC, Gasco S, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Osta R. Time-Point Dependent Activation of Autophagy and the UPS in SOD1G93A Mice Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134830. [PMID: 26244336 PMCID: PMC4526523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of motor neurons together with a progressive muscle weakness. Albeit the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease remain unknown, growing evidence suggests that skeletal muscle can be a target of ALS toxicity. In particular, the two main intracellular degradation mechanisms, autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome degradative system (UPS) have been poorly studied in this tissue. In this study we investigated the activation of autophagy and the UPS as well as apoptosis in the skeletal muscle from SOD1G93A mice along disease progression. Our results showed a significant upregulation of proteasome activity at early symptomatic stage, while the autophagy activation was found at presymptomatic and terminal stages. The mRNA upregulated levels of LC3, p62, Beclin1, Atg5 and E2f1 were only observed at symptomatic and terminal stages, which reinforced the time-point activation of autophagy. Furthermore, no apoptosis activation was observed along disease progression. The combined data provided clear evidence for the first time that there is a time-point dependent activation of autophagy and UPS in the skeletal muscle from SOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Oliván
- Laboratorio de Genética y Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- Laboratorio de Genética y Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Samanta Gasco
- Laboratorio de Genética y Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Genética y Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética y Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratorio de Genética y Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Schwalm C, Jamart C, Benoit N, Naslain D, Prémont C, Prévet J, Van Thienen R, Deldicque L, Francaux M. Activation of autophagy in human skeletal muscle is dependent on exercise intensity and AMPK activation. FASEB J 2015; 29:3515-26. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Bujak AL, Crane JD, Lally JS, Ford RJ, Kang SJ, Rebalka IA, Green AE, Kemp BE, Hawke TJ, Schertzer JD, Steinberg GR. AMPK activation of muscle autophagy prevents fasting-induced hypoglycemia and myopathy during aging. Cell Metab 2015; 21:883-90. [PMID: 26039451 PMCID: PMC5233441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activates autophagy, but its role in aging and fasting-induced muscle function has not been defined. Here we report that fasting mice lacking skeletal muscle AMPK (AMPK-MKO) results in hypoglycemia and hyperketosis. This is not due to defective fatty acid oxidation, but instead is related to a block in muscle proteolysis that leads to reduced circulating levels of alanine, an essential amino acid required for gluconeogenesis. Markers of muscle autophagy including phosphorylation of Ulk1 Ser555 and Ser757 and aggregation of RFP-LC3 puncta are impaired. Consistent with impaired autophagy, aged AMPK-MKO mice possess a significant myopathy characterized by reduced muscle function, mitochondrial disease, and accumulation of the autophagy/mitophagy proteins p62 and Parkin. These findings establish an essential requirement for skeletal muscle AMPK-mediated autophagy in preserving blood glucose levels during prolonged fasting as well as maintaining muscle integrity and mitochondrial function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Bujak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Justin D Crane
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - James S Lally
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Sally J Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Irena A Rebalka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alex E Green
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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