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Kordulewska NK, Król-Grzymała A. The Effect of Osthole on Transient Receptor Potential Channels: A Possible Alternative Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:881-898. [PMID: 38351985 PMCID: PMC10863468 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s425978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic recurrent skin inflammation and severe itching in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) significantly impair their quality of life. The H4 histamine receptor plays a key role in histamine-induced itching. During the skin inflammation associated with AD, pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukins, cytokines) are released from neurons. Ultimately, a cascade of reactions leads to the activation and sensitization of transient receptor potential channels (TRP), which exacerbate the inflammation and itching associated with AD. Osthole (OST) is a natural coumarin with a proven versatile pharmacological effect: anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. However, the molecular mechanism of OST in relieving inflammation in histamine-mediated itching is not yet clear. Purpose In the studies presented, the possible effect of the OST action on the inhibition of the gene expression of the histamine H4 receptor and the key genes of the TRP channels as well as on the concentration of proinflammatory interleukins was analyzed. Methods Inflammation was induced in a 3D skin model and a keratinocyte cell line Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK) identical to that of AD, and then OST was administered at various doses. The concentrations of IL-4/-13 were determined by ELISA. RNA was isolated from the 3D skin cells and the NHEK cell line, and the qPCR method was used to determine the expression of: IL-4α, H4R, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPM8 analyzed. Results The study showed that OST significantly reduced the secretion of IL-4/-13 in a keratinocyte cell line and in a 3D skin model. In addition, OST was found to significantly decrease the gene expression of IL-4α, H4R, TRPV1, TRPV4 and increase TRPM8 in both the NHEK cell line and the organotypic 3D skin model. Conclusion The data obtained provide the first in vitro evidence of itch relief following the application of OST to atopic skin. Research on the use of OST as an active component of emollients in the treatment of AD should be continued in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Karolina Kordulewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Angelika Król-Grzymała
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
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Fan M, Wedamulla NE, Choi YJ, Zhang Q, Bae SM, Kim EK. Tenebrio molitor Larva Trypsin Hydrolysate Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in C57BL/6 Mice by Targeting the TLR-Mediated MyD88-Dependent MAPK Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010093. [PMID: 36615751 PMCID: PMC9824148 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widely researched chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex etiology. The increased prevalence of AD necessitates exploration of natural sources as potential therapeutic agents with limited side effects. In the current study, a 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model was used to examine the anti-AD effects of Tenebrio molitor trypsin hydrolysate (TMTH) and its underlying molecular mechanism. DNCB-treated mice were treated with TMTH (1 and 10 mg/kg), and prednisolone (3 mg/kg) was used as the positive control. Serum and skin tissue samples were collected for subsequent analyses. The expression levels of proteins linked to the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and serum IgE levels were estimated via Western blotting technique and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), respectively. Inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of the dorsal skin were measured using toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. Oral administration of TMTH significantly reduced mast cell infiltration and dermal and epidermal thickness. Moreover, TMTH treatment reduced serum IgE levels. Western blotting confirmed that TMTH treatment suppressed the MyD88-dependent MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, TMTH substantially inhibited AD-like skin lesion formation via immunomodulation, showing considerable potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Fan
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Nishala Erandi Wedamulla
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mun Bae
- Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju 52733, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (E.-K.K.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (E.-K.K.)
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Mießner H, Seidel J, Smith ESJ. In vitro models for investigating itch. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:984126. [PMID: 36385768 PMCID: PMC9644192 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.984126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch (pruritus) is a sensation that drives a desire to scratch, a behavior observed in many animals. Although generally short-lasting and not causing harm, there are several pathological conditions where chronic itch is a hallmark symptom and in which prolonged scratching can induce damage. Finding medications to counteract the sensation of chronic itch has proven difficult due to the molecular complexity that involves a multitude of triggers, receptors and signaling pathways between skin, immune and nerve cells. While much has been learned about pruritus from in vivo animal models, they have limitations that corroborate the necessity for a transition to more human disease-like models. Also, reducing animal use should be encouraged in research. However, conducting human in vivo experiments can also be ethically challenging. Thus, there is a clear need for surrogate models to be used in pre-clinical investigation of the mechanisms of itch. Most in vitro models used for itch research focus on the use of known pruritogens. For this, sensory neurons and different types of skin and/or immune cells are stimulated in 2D or 3D co-culture, and factors such as neurotransmitter or cytokine release can be measured. There are however limitations of such simplistic in vitro models. For example, not all naturally occurring cell types are present and there is also no connection to the itch-sensing organ, the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, in vitro models offer a chance to investigate otherwise inaccessible specific cell–cell interactions and molecular pathways. In recent years, stem cell-based approaches and human primary cells have emerged as viable alternatives to standard cell lines or animal tissue. As in vitro models have increased in their complexity, further opportunities for more elaborated means of investigating itch have been developed. In this review, we introduce the latest concepts of itch and discuss the advantages and limitations of current in vitro models, which provide valuable contributions to pruritus research and might help to meet the unmet clinical need for more refined anti-pruritic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Mießner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Dermatological Skin Care, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Seidel
- Dermatological Skin Care, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ewan St. John Smith,
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Geng R, Wang Y, Fang J, Zhao Y, Li M, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Ectopic odorant receptors responding to flavor compounds in skin health and disease: Current insights and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9392-9408. [PMID: 35445618 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ of human body, acts as a barrier to protect body from the external environment and is exposed to a myriad of flavor compounds, especially food- and plant essential oil-derived odorant compounds. Skin cells are known to express various chemosensory receptors, such as transient potential receptors, adenosine triphosphate receptors, taste receptors, and odorant receptors (ORs). We aim to provide a review of this rapidly developing field and discuss latest discoveries related to the skin ORs activated by flavor compounds, their impacts on skin health and disease, odorant ligands interacting with ORs exerting specific biological effects, and the mechanisms involved. ORs are recently found to be expressed in skin tissue and cells, such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. To date, several ectopic skin ORs responding to flavor compounds, are involved in different skin biological processes, such as wound healing, hair growth, melanin regulation, pressure stress, skin barrier function, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. The recognition of physiological role of skin ORs, combined with the fact that ORs belong to a highly druggable protein family (G protein-coupled receptors), underscores the potential of skin ORs responding to flavor compounds as a novel regulating strategy for skin health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
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