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Saltarella I, Link A, Lamanuzzi A, Reichen C, Robinson J, Altamura C, Melaccio A, Solimando AG, Ria R, Mariggiò MA, Vacca A, Frassanito MA, Desaphy JF. Improvement of daratumumab- or elotuzumab-mediated NK cell activity by the bi-specific 4-1BB agonist, DARPin α-FAPx4-1BB: A preclinical study in multiple myeloma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116877. [PMID: 38850654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) progression is closely dependent on cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, including fibroblasts (FBs) and immune cells. In their BM niche, MM cells adhere to FBs sustaining immune evasion, drug resistance and the undetectable endurance of tumor cells known as minimal residual disease (MRD). Here, we describe the novel bi-specific designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) α-FAPx4-1BB (MP0310) with FAP-dependent 4-1BB agonistic activity. The α-FAPx4-1BB DARPin simultaneously binds to FAP and 4-1BB overexpressed by activated FBs and immune cells, respectively. Although flow cytometry analysis showed that T and NK cells from MM patients were not activated and did not express 4-1BB, stimulation with daratumumab or elotuzumab, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently used for the treatment of MM, significantly upregulated 4-1BB both in vitro and in MM patients following mAb-based therapy. The mAb-induced 4-1BB overexpression allowed the engagement of α-FAPx4-1BB that acted as a bridge between FAP+FBs and 4-1BB+NK cells. Therefore, α-FAPx4-1BB enhanced both the adhesion of daratumumab-treated NK cells on FBs as well as their activation by improving release of CD107a and perforin, hence MM cell killing via antibody-mediated cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Interestingly, α-FAPx4-1BB significantly potentiated daratumumab-mediated ADCC in the presence of FBs, suggesting that it may overcome the BM FBs' immunosuppressive effect. Overall, we speculate that treatment with α-FAPx4-1BB may represent a valuable strategy to improve mAb-induced NK cell activity fostering MRD negativity in MM patients through the eradication of latent MRD cells.
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MESH Headings
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Humans
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/agonists
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/agonists
- Endopeptidases
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Saltarella
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Concetta Altamura
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Vo MC, Jung SH, Nguyen VT, Tran VDH, Ruzimurodov N, Kim SK, Nguyen XH, Kim M, Song GY, Ahn SY, Ahn JS, Yang DH, Kim HJ, Lee JJ. Exploring cellular immunotherapy platforms in multiple myeloma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27892. [PMID: 38524535 PMCID: PMC10957441 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in therapeutic platforms, most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) eventually relapse and succumb to the disease. Among the novel therapeutic options developed over the past decade, genetically engineered T cells have a great deal of potential. Cellular immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, are rapidly becoming an effective therapeutic modality for MM. Marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) derived from the bone marrow of patients with MM are a novel source of T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy, which robustly and specifically target myeloma cells. In this review, we examine the recent innovations in cellular immunotherapies, including the use of dendritic cells, and cellular tools based on MILs, natural killer (NK) cells, and CAR T cells, which hold promise for improving the efficacy and/or reducing the toxicity of treatment in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh-Cuong Vo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Viet Nam
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Vaxcell-Bio Therapeutics, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Jung
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Tan Nguyen
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Dinh-Huan Tran
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Nodirjon Ruzimurodov
- Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
| | - Sang Ki Kim
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-eup, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Vaxcell-Bio Therapeutics, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Hi-Tech Center and Vinmec-VinUni Institute of Immunology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mihee Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Song
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hwan Yang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Vaxcell-Bio Therapeutics, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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Edri A, Ben-Haim N, Hailu A, Brycman N, Berhani-Zipori O, Rifman J, Cohen S, Yackoubov D, Rosenberg M, Simantov R, Teru H, Kurata K, Anderson KC, Hendel A, Pato A, Geffen Y. Nicotinamide-Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells with CD38 Deletion, Expressing an Enhanced CD38 Chimeric Antigen Receptor, Target Multiple Myeloma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17231. [PMID: 38139060 PMCID: PMC10743602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a vital component of cancer immune surveillance. They provide a rapid and potent immune response, including direct cytotoxicity and mobilization of the immune system, without the need for antigen processing and presentation. NK cells may also be better tolerated than T cell therapy approaches and are susceptible to various gene manipulations. Therefore, NK cells have become the focus of extensive translational research. Gamida Cell's nicotinamide (NAM) platform for cultured NK cells provides an opportunity to enhance the therapeutic potential of NK cells. CD38 is an ectoenzyme ubiquitously expressed on the surface of various hematologic cells, including multiple myeloma (MM). It has been selected as a lead target for numerous monoclonal therapeutic antibodies against MM. Monoclonal antibodies target CD38, resulting in the lysis of MM plasma cells through various antibody-mediated mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, significantly improving the outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory MM. However, this therapeutic strategy has inherent limitations, such as the anti-CD38-induced depletion of CD38-expressing NK cells, thus hindering ADCC. We have developed genetically engineered NK cells tailored to treat MM, in which CD38 was knocked-out using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and an enhanced chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD38 was introduced using mRNA electroporation. This combined genetic approach allows for an improved cytotoxic activity directed against CD38-expressing MM cells without self-inflicted NK-cell-mediated fratricide. Preliminary results show near-complete abolition of fratricide with a 24-fold reduction in self-lysis from 19% in mock-transfected and untreated NK cells to 0.8% of self-lysis in CD38 knock-out CAR NK cells. Furthermore, we have observed significant enhancements in CD38-mediated activity in vitro, resulting in increased lysis of MM target cell lines. CD38 knock-out CAR NK cells also demonstrated significantly higher levels of NK activation markers in co-cultures with both untreated and αCD38-treated MM cell lines. These NAM-cultured NK cells with the combined genetic approach of CD38 knockout and addition of CD38 CAR represent a promising immunotherapeutic tool to target MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Edri
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Nimrod Ben-Haim
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (N.B.-H.); (M.R.)
| | - Astar Hailu
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Nurit Brycman
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Orit Berhani-Zipori
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Julia Rifman
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Sherri Cohen
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Dima Yackoubov
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (N.B.-H.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Hideshima Teru
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.T.); (K.K.); (K.C.A.)
| | - Keiji Kurata
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.T.); (K.K.); (K.C.A.)
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.T.); (K.K.); (K.C.A.)
| | - Ayal Hendel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (N.B.-H.); (M.R.)
| | - Aviad Pato
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Yona Geffen
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
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Reina-Ortiz C, Mozas MP, Ovelleiro D, Gao F, Villalba M, Anel A. Dynamic Changes in miRNA Expression during the Generation of Expanded and Activated NK Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13556. [PMID: 37686362 PMCID: PMC10488243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on allogenic Natural Killer (NK) cells are becoming increasingly relevant, and our laboratory has produced expanded and activated NK (eNK) cells that are highly cytotoxic against several hematological cancers when used alone or in combination with currently approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In order to produce eNK cells, healthy human donor NK cells undergo a 20-day expansion protocol with IL-2, IL-15 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid feeder cells. In order to produce an even more potent eNK-based therapy, we must elucidate the changes our protocol produces within healthy NK cells. To understand the post-transcriptional changes responsible for the increased cytolytic abilities of eNK cells, we performed microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis on purified NK cells from day 0 and day 20 of the protocol using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Of the 384 miRNAs profiled, we observed changes in the expression of 64 miRNAs, with especially significant changes in 7 of them. The up-regulated miRNAs of note were miRs-146a, -124, -34a, and -10a, which are key in the regulation of cell survival through the modulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as PUMA. The down-regulation of miRs-199a, -223, and -340 was also detected and is associated with the promotion of NK cell cytotoxicity. We validated our analysis using immunoblot and flow cytometry studies on specific downstream targets of both up- and down-regulated miRNAs such as PUMA and Granzyme B. These results corroborate the functional importance of the described miRNA expression patterns and show the wide variety of changes that occur in eNK cells at day 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Reina-Ortiz
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.R.-O.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Mª Pilar Mozas
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.R.-O.); (M.P.M.)
| | - David Ovelleiro
- Peripheral Nervous System, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Center Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (M.V.)
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Martín Villalba
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Center Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.R.-O.); (M.P.M.)
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Lizana-Vasquez GD, Torres-Lugo M, Dixon R, Powderly JD, Warin RF. The application of autologous cancer immunotherapies in the age of memory-NK cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167666. [PMID: 37205105 PMCID: PMC10185894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy has revolutionized the oncology field, yielding improved results against hematological and solid malignancies. NK cells have become an attractive alternative due to their capacity to activate upon recognition of "stress" or "danger" signals independently of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) engagement, thus making tumor cells a perfect target for NK cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy even as an allogeneic solution. While this allogeneic use is currently favored, the existence of a characterized memory function for NK cells ("memory-like" NK cells) advocates for an autologous approach, that would benefit from the allogeneic setting discoveries, but with added persistence and specificity. Still, both approaches struggle to exert a sustained and high anticancer effect in-vivo due to the immunosuppressive tumor micro-environment and the logistical challenges of cGMP production or clinical deployment. Novel approaches focused on the quality enhancement and the consistent large-scale production of highly activated therapeutic memory-like NK cells have yielded encouraging but still unconclusive results. This review provides an overview of NK biology as it relates to cancer immunotherapy and the challenge presented by solid tumors for therapeutic NKs. After contrasting the autologous and allogeneic NK approaches for solid cancer immunotherapy, this work will present the current scientific focus for the production of highly persistent and cytotoxic memory-like NK cells as well as the current issues with production methods as they apply to stress-sensitive immune cells. In conclusion, autologous NK cells for cancer immunotherapy appears to be a prime alternative for front line therapeutics but to be successful, it will be critical to establish comprehensives infrastructures allowing the production of extremely potent NK cells while constraining costs of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby D. Lizana-Vasquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
- Cancer Research Clinic, Carolina BioOncology Institute (CBOI), Huntersville, NC, United States
| | - Madeline Torres-Lugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - R. Brent Dixon
- Cancer Research Clinic, Carolina BioOncology Institute (CBOI), Huntersville, NC, United States
- Human Applications Lab (HAL) - BioCytics, Huntersville, NC, United States
| | - John D. Powderly
- Cancer Research Clinic, Carolina BioOncology Institute (CBOI), Huntersville, NC, United States
- Human Applications Lab (HAL) - BioCytics, Huntersville, NC, United States
| | - Renaud F. Warin
- Cancer Research Clinic, Carolina BioOncology Institute (CBOI), Huntersville, NC, United States
- Human Applications Lab (HAL) - BioCytics, Huntersville, NC, United States
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Coënon L, Villalba M. From CD16a Biology to Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Improvement. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913215. [PMID: 35720368 PMCID: PMC9203678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a potent cytotoxic mechanism that is mainly mediated in humans by natural killer (NK) cells. ADCC mediates the clinical benefit of several widely used cytolytic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and increasing its efficacy would improve cancer immunotherapy. CD16a is a receptor for the Fc portion of IgGs and is responsible to trigger NK cell-mediated ADCC. The knowledge of the mechanism of action of CD16a gave rise to several strategies to improve ADCC, by working on either the mAbs or the NK cell. In this review, we give an overview of CD16a biology and describe the latest strategies employed to improve antibody-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Coënon
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Univ Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- *Correspondence: Loïs Coënon,
| | - Martin Villalba
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Parsonidis P, Papasotiriou I. Adoptive Cellular Transfer Immunotherapies for Cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100575. [PMID: 35679756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer require efficient treatment approaches as the mortality rate due to their disease is high. Conventional therapies, like chemotherapy and radiation, have severe side effects. Drug discovery is focusing on the development of alternative strategies that could have beneficial effects to the patients. Cellular therapies are potential therapeutics, and the generation of new products is growing fast. The concept involves the isolation of immune cells, ex vivo activation and reinfusion into the patient. The goal is to boost the immune cells to fight cancer cells. Different immune cells can be used, including dendritic cells, T cells, NK cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes. Some products have already gained FDA approval, while many more are currently in clinical trials. Research is focusing on the improvement of the function of the cells that may require genetic modification or combination with other therapies. Finally, it is crucial to develop novel technologies that could be used in monitoring of the immune profile of patients that have received a cellular therapy to assess the efficacy of the treatment.
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