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Willett RA, Tryndyak VP, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Cellular and molecular alterations in a human hepatocellular in vitro model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and stratification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 42:74-92. [PMID: 38105681 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2023.2293493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health crisis worldwide. If not detected early, NAFLD progression can lead to irreversible pathological states, including liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Using in vitro models to understand the molecular pathogenesis has been extremely beneficial; however, most studies have utilized only short-term exposures, highlighting a limitation in current research to model extended fat-induced liver injury. We treated Hep3B cells continuously with a low dose of oleic and palmitic free fatty acids (FFAs) for 7 or 28 days. Transcriptomic analysis identified dysregulated molecular pathways and differential expression of 984 and 917 genes after FFA treatment for 7 and 28 days respectively. DNA methylation analysis of altered DNA methylated regions (DMRs) found 7 DMRs in common. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed transcriptomic changes primarily involved in lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and molecular transport. Western blot analysis revealed changes in PDK4 and CPT1A protein levels, indicative of mitochondrial stress. In line with this, there was mitochondrial morphological change demonstrating breakdown of the mitochondrial network. This in vitro model of human NAFL mimics results observed in human patients and may be used as a pre-clinical model for drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Willett
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Volodymyr P Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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Buyl K, Vrints M, Fernando R, Desmae T, Van Eeckhoutte T, Jans M, Van Der Schueren J, Boeckmans J, Rodrigues RM, De Boe V, Rogiers V, De Kock J, Beirinckx F, Vanhaecke T. Human skin stem cell-derived hepatic cells as in vitro drug discovery model for insulin-driven de novo lipogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175989. [PMID: 37572939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation and can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), activated by glucose and insulin, is a central pathway contributing to early-stage development of MASLD. The emerging global prevalence of MASLD highlights the urgent need for pharmaceutical intervention to combat this health threat. However, the identification of novel drugs that could inhibit hepatic DNL is hampered by a lack of reliable, insulin-sensitive, human, in vitro, hepatic models. Here, we report human skin stem cell-derived hepatic cells (hSKP-HPC) as a unique in vitro model to study insulin-driven DNL (iDNL), evidenced by both gene expression and lipid accumulation readouts. Insulin-sensitive hSKP-HPC showed increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression, a key transcription factor for DNL. Furthermore, this physiologically relevant in vitro human steatosis model allowed both inhibition and activation of the iDNL pathway using reference inhibitors and activators, respectively. Optimisation of the lipid accumulation assay to a high-throughput, 384-well format enabled the screening of a library of annotated compounds, delivering new insights on key players in the iDNL pathway and MASLD pathophysiology. Together, these results establish the value of the hSKP-HPC model in preclinical development of antisteatotic drugs to combat MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Buyl
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Martine Vrints
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ruani Fernando
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Terry Desmae
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Eeckhoutte
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Mia Jans
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Der Schueren
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Joost Boeckmans
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle De Boe
- Department of Urology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ-Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Beirinckx
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Recent Insights into the Role of PPARs in Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1572. [PMID: 37371042 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and cancer [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d'Azur, 06107 Nice, France
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Yang J, Yao W, Yang H, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Design and synthesis of ERα agonists: Effectively reduce lipid accumulation. Front Chem 2022; 10:1104249. [PMID: 36569962 PMCID: PMC9772986 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide. Hepatic lipid deposition is a major feature of NAFLD, and insulin resistance is one of the most important causes of lipid deposition. Insulin resistance results in the disruption of lipid metabolism homeostasis characterized by increased lipogenesis and decreased lipolysis. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been widely reported to be closely related to lipid metabolism. Activating ERa may be a promising strategy to improve lipid metabolism. Here, we used computer-aided drug design technology to discover a highly active compound, YRL-03, which can effectively reduce lipid accumulation. Cellular experimental results showed that YRL-03 could effectively reduce lipid accumulation by targeting ERα, thereby achieving alleviation of insulin resistance. We believe this study provides meaningful guidance for future molecular development of drugs to prevent and treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Jinfei Yang, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
| | - Weiwei Yao
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jinfei Yang, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
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Yepmo M, Potier JB, Pinget M, Grabarz A, Bouzakri K, Dumond Bourie A. Discussing the role of circular RNA in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1035159. [PMID: 36407314 PMCID: PMC9667057 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1035159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are class of non-coding RNA, which are characterized by a covalently closed loop structure. Functionally they can act on cellular physiology, notably by sponging microRNAs (miR), regulating gene expression or interacting with binding protein. To date, circRNAs might represent an interesting, underexploited avenue for new target discovery for therapeutic applications, especially in the liver. The first characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is hepatic cholesterol accumulation, followed by its advanced form of the affection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), due to the occurrence of lobular inflammation, irreversible fibrosis, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, studies have investigated the importance of the dysregulation of circRNAs in the onset of metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the potential role of circRNAs in the development of metabolic diseases associated with the liver such as NAFLD or NASH, and their potential to become therapeutic strategies for these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Yepmo
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Potier
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
- ILONOV, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Karim Bouzakri
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
- ILONOV, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurore Dumond Bourie
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
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