1
|
Sallard E, Aydin M. Cutting-edge research frontiers in oral cavity vaccines for respiratory diseases: a roadmap for scientific advancement. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1388222. [PMID: 38988815 PMCID: PMC11234472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1388222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular vaccines present limitations in eliciting robust mucosal immunity and preventing respiratory pathogens transmission. Sublingual vaccine administration offers promising advantages, including interconnected mucosal protection. Despite these advantages, only a few clinical trials have explored sublingual vaccines, underscoring the necessity of optimizing next-generation vaccine formulas. Critical research priorities include understanding vector behavior in the oral environment, understanding their interactions with mucosal immunity and developing formulations enabling sustained mucosal contact to facilitate efficient transduction. Consequently, tonsil organoids, as representative human mucosal models, could offer critical insights into sublingual immunization. Thus, a multi-disciplinary approach integrating pharmacological, immunological, and manufacturing considerations is pivotal for sublingual vaccines in targeting pathogen-aggravated prevalent respiratory diseases including asthma, COPD and lung cancer, as well as the antimicrobial resistance crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Sallard
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Malik Aydin
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Beveren GJ, Said H, van Houten MA, Bogaert D. The respiratory microbiome in childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1352-1367. [PMID: 37838221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in childhood, characterized by reversible airway constriction and inflammation of the lower airways. The respiratory tract consists of the upper and lower airways, which are lined with a diverse community of microbes. The composition and density of the respiratory microbiome differs across the respiratory tract, with microbes adapting to the gradually changing physiology of the environment. Over the past decade, both the upper and lower respiratory microbiomes have been implicated in the etiology and disease course of asthma, as well as in its severity and phenotype. We have reviewed the literature on the role of the respiratory microbiome in asthma, making a careful distinction between the relationship of the microbiome with development of childhood asthma and its relationship with the disease course, while accounting for age and the microbial niches studied. Furthermore, we have assessed the literature regarding the underlying asthma endotypes and the impact of the microbiome on the host immune response. We have identified distinct microbial signatures across the respiratory tract associated with asthma development, stability, and severity. These data suggest that the respiratory microbiome may be important for asthma development and severity and may therefore be a potential target for future microbiome-based preventive and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina J van Beveren
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hager Said
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis Haarlem
| | - Marlies A van Houten
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis Haarlem
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lupu A, Jechel E, Mihai CM, Mitrofan EC, Fotea S, Starcea IM, Ioniuc I, Mocanu A, Ghica DC, Popp A, Munteanu D, Sasaran MO, Salaru DL, Lupu VV. The Footprint of Microbiome in Pediatric Asthma-A Complex Puzzle for a Balanced Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:3278. [PMID: 37513696 PMCID: PMC10384859 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered to be of greater complexity than the human genome itself, the microbiome, the structure of the body made up of trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, has proven to play a crucial role in the context of the development of pathological processes in the body, starting from various infections, autoimmune diseases, atopies, and culminating in its involvement in the development of some forms of cancer, a diagnosis that is considered the most disabling for the patient from a psychological point of view. Therefore, being a cornerstone in the understanding and optimal treatment of a multitude of ailments, the body's microbiome has become an intensively studied subject in the scientific literature of the last decade. This review aims to bring the microbiome-asthma correlation up to date by classifying asthmatic patterns, emphasizing the development patterns of the microbiome starting from the perinatal period and the impact of pulmonary dysbiosis on asthmatic symptoms in children. Likewise, the effects of intestinal dysbiosis reflected at the level of homeostasis of the internal environment through the intestine-lung/vital organs axis, the circumstances in which it occurs, but also the main methods of studying bacterial variability used for diagnostic purposes and in research should not be omitted. In conclusion, we draw current and future therapeutic lines worthy of consideration both in obtaining and maintaining remission, as well as in delaying the development of primary acute episodes and preventing future relapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Lupu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Jechel
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Ghica
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Popp
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Munteanu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Oana Sasaran
- Faculty of General Medicine, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hyblova M, Hadzega D, Babisova K, Krumpolec P, Gnip A, Sabaka P, Lassan S, Minarik G. Metatranscriptome Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Swabs across the Varying Severity of COVID-19 Disease Demonstrated Unprecedented Species Diversity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1804. [PMID: 37512976 PMCID: PMC10384460 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent global emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has accelerated research in several areas of science whose valuable outputs and findings can help to address future health challenges in the event of emerging infectious agents. We conducted a comprehensive shotgun analysis targeting multiple aspects to compare differences in bacterial spectrum and viral presence through culture-independent RNA sequencing. We conducted a comparative analysis of the microbiome between healthy individuals and those with varying degrees of COVID-19 severity, including a total of 151 participants. Our findings revealed a noteworthy increase in microbial species diversity among patients with COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity. Specifically, our analysis revealed a significant difference in the abundance of bacterial phyla between healthy individuals and those infected with COVID-19. We found that Actinobacteria, among other bacterial phyla, showed a notably higher abundance in healthy individuals compared to infected individuals. Conversely, Bacteroides showed a lower abundance in the latter group. Infected people, regardless of severity and symptoms, have the same proportional representation of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteriales. In addition to SARS-CoV-2 and numerous phage groups, we identified sequences of clinically significant viruses such as Human Herpes Virus 1, Human Mastadenovirus D, and Rhinovirus A in several samples. Analyses were performed retrospectively, therefore, in the case of SARS-CoV-2 various WHO variants such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529), and 20C strains are represented. Additionally, the presence of specific virus strains has a certain effect on the distribution of individual microbial taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrej Gnip
- Medirex Group Academy, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Sabaka
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Lassan
- Department of Pneumology and Ftizeology I, University Hospital in Bratislava, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Overlooked Microbiome-Considering Archaea and Eukaryotes Using Multiplex Nanopore-16S-/18S-rDNA-Sequencing: A Technical Report Focusing on Nasopharyngeal Microbiomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021426. [PMID: 36674956 PMCID: PMC9863950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to bacteria, microbiome analyses often neglect archaea, but also eukaryotes. This is partly because they are difficult to culture due to their demanding growth requirements, or some even have to be classified as uncultured microorganisms. Consequently, little is known about the relevance of archaea in human health and diseases. Contemporary broad availability and spread of next generation sequencing techniques now enable a stronger focus on such microorganisms, whose cultivation is difficult. However, due to the enormous evolutionary distances between bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, the implementation of sequencing strategies for smaller laboratory scales needs to be refined to achieve as a holistic view on the microbiome as possible. Here, we present a technical approach that enables simultaneous analyses of archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities to study their roles in development and courses of respiratory disorders. We thus applied combinatorial 16S-/18S-rDNA sequencing strategies for sequencing-library preparation. Considering the lower total microbiota density of airway surfaces, when compared with gut microbiota, we optimized the DNA purification workflow from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. As a result, we provide a protocol that allows the efficient combination of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic libraries for nanopore-sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION devices and subsequent phylogenetic analyses. In a pilot study, this workflow allowed the identification of some environmental archaea, which were not correlated with airway microbial communities before. Moreover, we assessed the protocol's broader applicability using a set of human stool samples. We conclude that the proposed protocol provides a versatile and adaptable tool for combinatorial studies on bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbiomes on a small laboratory scale.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaura E. A Commentary on the Potential Use of Oral Microbiome in Prediction, Diagnosis or Prognostics of a Distant Pathology. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10090156. [PMID: 36135151 PMCID: PMC9498190 DOI: 10.3390/dj10090156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In health, the oral microbiome is in balance with its host. If this balance is lost, this symbiosis is replaced by dysbiotic microbial communities, which are thought to affect the rest of the body either directly or via metabolites or pro-inflammatory molecules. The association of oral microbiome with general health has led to attempts to use oral microbial biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis or prognosis of distant pathologies such as colorectal carcinoma or pancreatic cancer. These attempts however have no chance to succeed if the complexity of the oral ecosystem and the interplay of environmental, behavioral and biological factors is not taken into account. Standardized, well-documented oral sample collection procedures together with detailed clinical oral examination and behavioral data are the prerequisites for the successful evaluation of the oral microbiome as a potential biomarker for distant pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|