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Dave B, Patel M, Suresh S, Ginjupalli M, Surya A, Albdour M, Kooner KS. Wound Modulations in Glaucoma Surgery: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:446. [PMID: 38790314 PMCID: PMC11117829 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fibrosis and resultant poor control of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduce the efficacy of glaucoma surgeries. Historically, corticosteroids and anti-fibrotic agents, such as mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), have been used to mitigate post-surgical fibrosis, but these have unpredictable outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel treatments which provide increased effectiveness and specificity. This review aims to provide insight into the pathophysiology behind wound healing in glaucoma surgery, as well as the current and promising future wound healing agents that are less toxic and may provide better IOP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomi Dave
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.D.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Monica Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.D.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Sruthi Suresh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.D.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Mahija Ginjupalli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.D.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Arvind Surya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.D.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohannad Albdour
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Hussein Medical Center Royal Medical Services, Amman 11180, Jordan;
| | - Karanjit S. Kooner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.D.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care System Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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Tonti E, Dell'Omo R, Filippelli M, Spadea L, Salati C, Gagliano C, Musa M, Zeppieri M. Exploring Epigenetic Modifications as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2822. [PMID: 38474069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of its pathogenesis and management, early diagnosis and effective treatment of glaucoma remain major clinical challenges. Epigenetic modifications, encompassing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and cellular processes. The aim of this comprehensive review focuses on the emerging field of epigenetics and its role in understanding the complex genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma. The review will provide an overview of the pathophysiology of glaucoma, emphasizing the intricacies of intraocular pressure regulation, retinal ganglion cell dysfunction, and optic nerve damage. It explores how epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, can influence gene expression, and how these mechanisms are implicated in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis. The manuscript discusses evidence from both animal models and human studies, providing insights into the epigenetic alterations associated with glaucoma onset and progression. Additionally, it discusses the potential of using epigenetic modifications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for more personalized and targeted glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Tonti
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Dell'Omo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", Piazza dell'Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Okruszko MA, Szabłowski M, Zarzecki M, Michnowska-Kobylińska M, Lisowski Ł, Łapińska M, Stachurska Z, Szpakowicz A, Kamiński KA, Konopińska J. Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Glaucoma: Isolated Eye Disease or a Part of a Systemic Disorder? - Serum Proteomic Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1021-1037. [PMID: 38370463 PMCID: PMC10874189 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s434989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glaucoma is the most common optic neuropathy and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, which affects 3.54% of the population aged 40-80 years. Despite numerous published studies, some aspects of glaucoma pathogenesis, serum biomarkers, and their potential link with other diseases remain unclear. Recent articles have proposed that autoimmune, oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Methods We investigated the serum expression of 92 inflammatory and neurotrophic factors in glaucoma patients. The study group consisted of 26 glaucoma patients and 192 healthy subjects based on digital fundography. Results Patients with glaucoma had significantly lower serum expression of IL-2Rβ, TWEAK, CX3CL1, CD6, CD5, LAP TGF-beta1, LIF-R, TRAIL, NT-3, and CCL23 and significantly higher expression of IL-22Rα1. Conclusion Our results indicate that patients with glaucoma tend to have lower levels of neuroprotective proteins and higher levels of neuroinflammatory proteins, similar to those observed in psychiatric, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, indicating a potential link between these conditions and glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Szabłowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Mateusz Zarzecki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Lisowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Magda Łapińska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zofia Stachurska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szpakowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Adam Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
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Feng L, Wang C, Zhang C, Zhang W, Song W. Role of epigenetic regulation in glaucoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115633. [PMID: 37806089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the world's leading irreversible blinding eye disease. Lowering intraocular pressure is currently the only effective clinical treatment. However, there is a lack of long-acting IOP-lowering drugs, and some patients still experience retinal ganglion cell loss even with good intraocular pressure control. Currently, there is no effective method for neuroprotection and regeneration in clinical practice for glaucoma. In recent years, epigenetics has been widely researched and reported for its role in glaucoma's neuroprotection and regeneration. This article reviews the changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and m6A methylation in glaucoma, aiming to provide new perspectives for glaucoma management, protection of retinal ganglion cells, and axon regeneration by understanding epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeng Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Wulong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Weitao Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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Zhang R, Tao Y, Huang J. The Application of MicroRNAs in Glaucoma Research: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15377. [PMID: 37895056 PMCID: PMC10607922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is similar to a neurodegenerative disorder and leads to global irreversible loss of vision. Despite extensive research, the pathophysiological mechanisms of glaucoma remain unclear, and no complete cure has yet been identified for glaucoma. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs can serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for glaucoma; however, there are few bibliometric studies that focus on using microRNAs in glaucoma research. Here, we have adopted a bibliometric analysis in the field of microRNAs in glaucoma research to manifest the current tendencies and research hotspots and to present a visual map of the past and emerging tendencies in this field. In this study, we retrieved publications in the Web of Science database that centered on this field between 2007 and 2022. Next, we used VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and Microsoft Excel to present visual representations of a co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, tendencies, hotspots, and the contributions of authors, institutions, journals, and countries/regions. The United States was the main contributor. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science has published the most articles in this field. Over the past 15 years, there has been exponential growth in the number of publications and citations in this field across various countries, organizations, and authors. Thus, this study illustrates the current trends, hotspots, and emerging frontiers and provides new insight and guidance for searching for new diagnostic biomarkers and clinical trials for glaucoma in the future. Furthermore, international collaborations can also be used to broaden and deepen the field of microRNAs in glaucoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (R.Z.); (Y.T.)
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Pattabiraman PP, Feinstein V, Beit-Yannai E. Profiling the miRNA from Exosomes of Non-Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium-Derived Identifies Key Gene Targets Relevant to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020405. [PMID: 36829964 PMCID: PMC9952153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) on tissues is a major pathological insult leading to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Aqueous humor (AH) produced by the non-pigmentary ciliary epithelium (NPCE) drains out via the trabecular meshwork (TM) outflow pathway in the anterior chamber. The exosomes are major constituents of AH, and exosomes can modulate the signaling events, as well as the responses of their target TM tissue. Despite the presence of molecular mechanisms to negate OS, oxidative damage directly, as well as indirectly, influences TM health, AH drainage, and IOP. We proposed that the expression of microRNA (miRNAs) carried by exosomes in the AH can be affected by OS, and this can modulate the pathways in target cells. To assess this, we subjected NPCE to acute and chronic OS (A-OS and C-OS), enriched miRNAs, performed miRNA microarray chip analyses, and miRNA-based gene targeting pathway prediction analysis. We found that various miRNA families, including miR27, miR199, miR23, miR130b, and miR200, changed significantly. Based on pathway prediction analysis, we found that these miRNAs can regulate the genes including Nrf2, Keap1, GSK3B, and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase2A (PP2A). We propose that OS on the NPCE exosomal miRNA cargo can modulate the functionality of the TM tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Paranji Pattabiraman
- Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5209, USA
- Correspondence: (P.P.P.); (E.B.-Y.)
| | - Valeria Feinstein
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Elie Beit-Yannai
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (P.P.P.); (E.B.-Y.)
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You M, Rong R, Zeng Z, Fan C, Li H, Yang Q, Ji D. Integrated analysis of long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs associated with glaucoma in vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087442. [PMID: 36923213 PMCID: PMC10008935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the biological functions and important roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported in many diseases. Although glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, the specific mechanisms of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma remain unclear. Our research aims to elucidate the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in glaucoma and to provide a basis for further exploration of the specific mechanism of action of lncRNAs in the progression of glaucoma. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on samples from a pressurized model of R28 cells and performed bioinformatics analyses on the sequencing results. The expression consistency of lncRNAs in clinical samples from patients with glaucoma or cataracts was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS RNA sequencing results showed that lncRNAs in cluster 5 were upregulated with increasing stress after typing all significantly altered lncRNAs using k-means in a cellular stress model. KEGG analysis indicated that they were associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR, and the lncRNA expression levels of AC120246.2 and XLOC_006247 were significantly higher in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with glaucoma than in those with cataracts. For LOC102551819, there was almost no expression in the AH and trabecular meshwork in patients with glaucoma but high expression was observed in the iris. CONCLUSION Our research proposes potential diagnostic or intervention targets for clinical applications as well as a theoretical basis for more in-depth research on the function of lncRNAs in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhou Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Ji,
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