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Kurland DB, Alber D, Smith A, Ahmed S, Orringer D, Frempong-Boadu A, Lau D. What Are We Transfusing? Evaluating the Quality and Clinical Utility of Intraoperatively Salvaged Red Blood Cells in Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01301. [PMID: 39087785 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) salvage is frequently used in contemporary spine surgery, despite clinical concern in its efficacy as a surrogate for blood-banked allogeneic packed RBCs (pRBCs). During spine surgery, salvaged RBCs (sRBCs) are exposed to injurious high-heat electrocautery, prolonged stasis, and abrasive pharmaceuticals, potentially making sRBCs a poor blood substitute. We therefore sought to scientifically and objectively define the quality of sRBCs in the context of complex spine surgery. METHODS This is a single-center, prospective, nonrandomized controlled trial of patients undergoing posterior-based multilevel thoracolumbar instrumented fusion for spinal deformity with planned use of intraoperative RBC salvage between June 2022 and July 2023. Surgeries were performed by fellowship-trained spinal neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons. The participants were split based on transfusion of sRBCs (given sufficient yield) vs no sRBC transfusion. Primary outcomes were RBC electrolyte composition, indices, deformability, and integrity, which were evaluated in comparison blood samples: Baseline, pRBC, and sRBC. Secondary outcomes were related to clinical effects of sRBC transfusion. Morphological assessment used Stimulated Raman Histology and machine learning. Deformability was assessed using ektacytometry. RESULTS A total of 174 patients were included. The mean age was 50.2years ±25.4, 58.6% was female, the mean level fused was 10.0 ± 3.9, and 58.0% received sRBCs (median 207.0 mL). sRBCs differed significantly on standard laboratory measures, had a high proportion (30.7%) of shrunken and irregularly spiculated morphologies, and demonstrated abnormal deformability and relaxation kinetics. The hemolysis index was significantly elevated in sRBCs (2.9 ± 1.8) compared with Baseline samples and pRBCs (P < .01). Transfusion of sRBCs was associated with suboptimal resuscitation and provided no practical clinical benefit. CONCLUSION RBCs salvaged during posterior thoracolumbar spine surgery are irreversibly injured, with hemolysis index exceeding Food and Drug Administration and Council of Europe transfusion standards in all samples, questioning their efficacy and safety as a blood substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Kurland
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Alber
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shah Ahmed
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Orringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Frempong-Boadu
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Darryl Lau
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Baek JH, Shin HKH, Xu F, Zhang X, Williams MC, Gao Y, Vostal JG, Buehler PW, Villa C, D'Agnillo F. Ultraviolet light and riboflavin accelerates red blood cell dysfunction in vitro and in a guinea pig transfusion model. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2024; 22:316-327. [PMID: 38814883 PMCID: PMC11251826 DOI: 10.2450/bloodtransfus.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality assessment of modified or processed red blood cell (RBC) components, such as pathogen-reduced RBCs, using only in vitro testing may not always be predictive of in vivo performance. Mouse or rat in vivo models are limited by a lack of applicability to certain aspects of human RBC biology. Here, we used a guinea pig model to study the effects of riboflavin combined with UV light on the integrity of RBCs in vitro and following transfusion in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guinea pig RBCs were collected from whole blood (WB) treated with varying UV doses (10, 20, 40 or 80 J/mL) in the presence of riboflavin (UVR-RBCs). In vitro tests for UVR-RBCs included hemolysis, osmotic fragility, and cellular morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Guinea pigs transfused with one-day post-treatment UVR-RBCs were evaluated for plasma hemoglobin (Hb), non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), total iron and Perls-detectable hemosiderin deposition in the spleen and kidney, and renal uptake of Hb. RESULTS Acute RBC injury was dose dependently accelerated after treatment with UV light in the presence of riboflavin. Aberrant RBC morphology was evident at 20, 40, and 80 J/mL, and membrane lysis with Hb release was prominent at 80 J/mL. Guinea pigs transfused with 40 and 80 J/mL UVR-RBCs showed increased plasma Hb levels, and plasma NTBI was elevated in all UVR-RBC groups (10-80 J/mL). Total iron levels and Perls-hemosiderin staining in spleen and kidney as well as Hb uptake in renal proximal tubules were increased 8 hours post-transfusion with 40 and 80 J/mL UVR-RBCs. DISCUSSION UVR-RBCs administered to guinea pigs increased markers of intravascular and extravascular hemolysis in a UV dose-dependent manner. This model may allow for the discrimination of RBC injury during testing of extensively processed RBCs intended for transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyen Baek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Hye Kyung H Shin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Fei Xu
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew C Williams
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Yamei Gao
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jaroslav G Vostal
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul W Buehler
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis and the Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Carlos Villa
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Felice D'Agnillo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
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Trickey ML, Counihan NA, Modak JK, de Koning-Ward TF. Guanidinium Chloride-Induced Haemolysis Assay to Measure New Permeation Pathway Functionality in Rodent Malaria Plasmodium berghei. Biomolecules 2024; 14:781. [PMID: 39062495 PMCID: PMC11274399 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasite-derived new permeation pathways (NPPs) expressed at the red blood cell (RBC) membrane enable Plasmodium parasites to take up nutrients from the plasma to facilitate their survival. Thus, NPPs represent a potential novel therapeutic target for malaria. The putative channel component of the NPP in the human malaria parasite P. falciparum is encoded by mutually exclusively expressed clag3.1/3.2 genes. Complicating the study of the essentiality of these genes to the NPP is the addition of three clag paralogs whose contribution to the P. falciparum channel is uncertain. Rodent malaria P. berghei contains only two clag genes, and thus studies of P. berghei clag genes could significantly aid in dissecting their overall contribution to NPP activity. Previous methods for determining NPP activity in a rodent model have utilised flux-based assays of radioisotope-labelled substrates or patch clamping. This study aimed to ratify a streamlined haemolysis assay capable of assessing the functionality of P. berghei NPPs. Several isotonic lysis solutions were tested for their ability to preferentially lyse infected RBCs (iRBCs), leaving uninfected RBCs (uRBCs) intact. The osmotic lysis assay was optimised and validated in the presence of NPP inhibitors to demonstrate the uptake of the lysis solution via the NPPs. Guanidinium chloride proved to be the most efficient reagent to use in an osmotic lysis assay to establish NPP functionality. Furthermore, following treatment with guanidinium chloride, ring-stage parasites could develop into trophozoites and schizonts, potentially enabling use of guanidinium chloride for parasite synchronisation. This haemolysis assay will be useful for further investigation of NPPs in P. berghei and could assist in validating its protein constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L. Trickey
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (M.L.T.); (N.A.C.); (J.K.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Counihan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (M.L.T.); (N.A.C.); (J.K.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Joyanta K. Modak
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (M.L.T.); (N.A.C.); (J.K.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Tania F. de Koning-Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (M.L.T.); (N.A.C.); (J.K.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
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4
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Elkhamary A, Gerner I, Bileck A, Oreff GL, Gerner C, Jenner F. Comparative proteomic profiling of the ovine and human PBMC inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14939. [PMID: 38942936 PMCID: PMC11213919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation requires robust animal models. Sheep are commonly used in immune-related studies, yet the validity of sheep as animal models for immune and inflammatory diseases remains to be established. This cross-species comparative study analyzed the in vitro inflammatory response of ovine (oPBMCs) and human PBMCs (hPBMCs) using mass spectrometry, profiling the proteome of the secretome and whole cell lysate. Of the entire cell lysate proteome (oPBMCs: 4217, hPBMCs: 4574 proteins) 47.8% and in the secretome proteome (oPBMCs: 1913, hPBMCs: 1375 proteins) 32.8% were orthologous between species, among them 32 orthologous CD antigens, indicating the presence of six immune cell subsets. Following inflammatory stimulation, 71 proteins in oPBMCs and 176 in hPBMCs showed differential abundance, with only 7 overlapping. Network and Gene Ontology analyses identified 16 shared inflammatory-related terms and 17 canonical pathways with similar activation/inhibition patterns in both species, demonstrating significant conservation in specific immune and inflammatory responses. However, ovine PMBCs also contained a unique WC1+γδ T-cell subset, not detected in hPBMCs. Furthermore, differences in the activation/inhibition trends of seven canonical pathways and the sets of DAPs between sheep and humans, emphasize the need to consider interspecies differences in translational studies and inflammation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elkhamary
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - I Gerner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G L Oreff
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Jenner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Elder CA, Smith JS, Almosawi M, Mills E, Janis BR, Kopechek JA, Wolkers WF, Menze MA. Cryopreserved red blood cells maintain allosteric control of oxygen binding when utilizing trehalose as a cryoprotectant. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104793. [PMID: 37979827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common life-saving medical procedures is a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Unfortunately, RBCs for transfusion have a limited shelf life after donation due to detrimental storage effects on their morphological and biochemical properties. Inspired by nature, a biomimetics approach was developed to preserve RBCs for long-term storage using compounds found in animals with a natural propensity to survive in a frozen or desiccated state for decades. Trehalose was employed as a cryoprotective agent and added to the extracellular freezing solution of porcine RBCs. Slow cooling (-1 °C min-1) resulted in almost complete hemolysis (1 ± 1 % RBC recovery), and rapid cooling rates had to be used to achieve satisfactory cryopreservation outcomes. After rapid cooling, the highest percentage of RBC recovery was obtained by plunging in liquid nitrogen and thawing at 55 °C, using a cryopreservation solution containing 300 mM trehalose. Under these conditions, 88 ± 8 % of processed RBCs were recovered and retained hemoglobin (14 ± 2 % hemolysis). Hemoglobin's oxygen-binding properties of cryopreserved RBCs were not significantly different to unfrozen controls and was allosterically regulated by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. These data indicate the feasibility of using trehalose instead of glycerol as a cryoprotective compound for RBCs. In contrast to glycerol, trehalose-preserved RBCs can potentially be transfused without time-consuming washing steps, which significantly facilitates the usage of cryopreserved transfusible units in trauma situations when time is of the essence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Elder
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Jensen S Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Mustafa Almosawi
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Ethan Mills
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Brett R Janis
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kopechek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Biostabilization Laboratory - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Cilek N, Ugurel E, Goksel E, Yalcin O. Signaling mechanisms in red blood cells: A view through the protein phosphorylation and deformability. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30958. [PMID: 36748950 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling mechanisms in red blood cells (RBCs) involve various protein kinases and phosphatases and enable rapid adaptive responses to hypoxia, metabolic requirements, oxidative stress, or shear stress by regulating the physiological properties of the cell. Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous mechanism for intracellular signal transduction, volume regulation, and cytoskeletal organization in RBCs. Spectrin-based cytoskeleton connects integral membrane proteins, band 3 and glycophorin C to junctional proteins, ankyrin and Protein 4.1. Phosphorylation leads to a conformational change in the protein structure, weakening the interactions between proteins in the cytoskeletal network that confers a more flexible nature for the RBC membrane. The structural organization of the membrane and the cytoskeleton determines RBC deformability that allows cells to change their ability to deform under shear stress to pass through narrow capillaries. The shear stress sensing mechanisms and oxygenation-deoxygenation transitions regulate cell volume and mechanical properties of the membrane through the activation of ion transporters and specific phosphorylation events mediated by signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the roles of Protein kinase C, cAMP-Protein kinase A, cGMP-nitric oxide, RhoGTPase, and MAP/ERK pathways in the modulation of RBC deformability in both healthy and disease states. We emphasize that targeting signaling elements may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies or channelopathies. We expect the present review will provide additional insights into RBC responses to shear stress and hypoxia via signaling mechanisms and shed light on the current and novel treatment options for pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Cilek
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ugurel
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Goksel
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lewis AS, Boomhower SR, Marsh CM, Jack MM. Considerations for deriving a safe intake of propylene glycol. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114460. [PMID: 38325632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of propylene glycol (PG) in food and other applications is widespread, and some estimates of dietary exposure to PG approach or exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 25 mg/kg bw-day. The current ADI for PG applies a cumulative uncertainty factor of 100, which includes factors of 10 for both interspecies and intraspecies differences. Available toxicology studies and human data, however, indicate a plausible mode of action (MoA) that would support a chemical-specific adjustment factor (CSAF) of 1 for interspecies toxicodynamic differences, reducing the total uncertainty factor from 100 to 40. The MoA involves an increase in serum PG concentrations after metabolic saturation, leading to serum hyperosmolarity, which can ultimately cause hemolytic changes and red blood cell damage. Therefore, the species similarities in toxicodynamic response for this critical effect could support increasing the ADI from 25 to 62.5 mg/kg bw-day, applicable to both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven R Boomhower
- Gradient, Boston, MA, 02108, USA; Harvard Division of Continuing Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Maia M Jack
- American Beverage Association, Washington, DC, 20004, USA
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Bury S, Kratochvíl L, Starostová Z. Scaling of erythrocyte shape and nucleus size among squamate reptiles: reanalysis points to constrained, proportional rather than adaptive changes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221513. [PMID: 37122952 PMCID: PMC10130710 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small erythrocytes might be beneficial for blood rheology, as they contribute less to blood viscosity than large erythrocytes. We predicted that rheological disadvantages of larger erythrocytes could be alleviated by relatively smaller nucleus size in larger cells allowing higher flexibility and by more elongated shape. Across squamate reptiles, we found that species with larger erythrocytes tend to have smaller ratio of nucleus size to cell size (N : C ratio), but that larger erythrocytes tend to be rounder, not more elongated. Nevertheless, we document that in fact nucleus area changes with erythrocyte area more or less linearly, which is also true for the relationship between cell length and cell width. These linear relationships suggest that nucleus size and cell size, and cell width and cell length, might be constrained to largely proportional mutual changes. The shifts in widely used N : C ratio and elongation ratio (cell length/cell width) with cell size might be misleading, as they do not reflect adaptive or maladaptive changes of erythrocytes, but rather mathematically trivial scaling of the ratios of two variables with a linear relationship with non-zero intercepts. We warn that ratio scaling without analyses of underlying patterns of evolutionary changes can lead to misinterpretation of evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Bury
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Starostová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
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Miglio A, Valente C, Guglielmini C. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width as a Novel Parameter in Canine Disorders: Literature Review and Future Prospective. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060985. [PMID: 36978525 PMCID: PMC10044289 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a quantitative laboratory parameter applied for the measurement of anisocytosis and is a reliable and inexpensive method for clinical classification of anemia. An increased RDW reflects a great heterogeneity in the size of red blood cells typical of regenerative and iron-deficiency anemia. In humans, numerous and recent studies have shown a relationship between increased RDW and the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with various disorders. In particular, a strong association has been established between changes in RDW and the risk of adverse outcome in humans with diseases affecting different organs or systems. Following the human literature, some studies have recently been conducted trying to clarify the clinical role of RDW in various animal disorders, particularly in dogs. In this review, we summarize and critically evaluate the results of the studies based on the measurement of RDW in dogs. We also emphasize the need for further and more extensive studies on the use of this simple and inexpensive parameter in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Miglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Valente
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Carlo Guglielmini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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