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Abideen SA, Khan M, Al-Harbi AI, Ahmad S. Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin C (CatC) as a potential approach for cancer therapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8682-8689. [PMID: 36264138 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies have established that proteolytic enzyme inhibition holds significant promise in cancer prevention and treatment. Cathepsin C (CatC) is conserved lysosomal cysteine dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, which is the key for pro-inflammatory neutrophil serine protease activation and biological functioning. This makes CatC as a promising therapeutic drug target for the management of different cancer types. Considering this, using a wide range of computer aided drug-designing applications, several inhibitors are shortlisted against CatC active pocket, which interact with the enzyme with high affinity and form strong intermolecular interaction network. Compared to control, three molecules ASN_06916232, ASN_06917112 and ASN_06916892 are filtered as best binders of the CatC active pocket with binding energy value of -10.9 kcal/mol, -10.9 kcal/mol and -10.7 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds interact with several important active side residues of CatC such as Ser233, Cys234, Gly277, Asn380 and His38. Furthermore, the complexes of these compounds with CatC reveal very stable dynamics with average RMSD value less than 3 Å. The binding energy analysis further indicates the compounds to have very stable van der Waals and electrostatic energies. In conclusion, these molecules are promising and require experimental validation to prove them as anti-CatC molecules.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ainul Abideen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Murad Khan
- Shanghai Center for System Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alhanouf I Al-Harbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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2
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Frolova AS, Tikhomirova NK, Kireev II, Zernii EY, Parodi A, Ivanov KI, Zamyatnin AA. Expression, Intracellular Localization, and Maturation of Cysteine Cathepsins in Renal Embryonic and Cancer Cell Lines. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1034-1044. [PMID: 37751872 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. The expression of these enzymes is often increased in many types of tumor cells. Cysteine cathepsins contribute to carcinogenesis through a number of mechanisms, including proteolysis of extracellular matrix and signaling molecules on the cell surface, as well as degradation of transcription factors and disruption of signaling cascades in the cell nucleus. Distinct oncogenic functions have been reported for several members of the cysteine cathepsin family in various types of cancer, but a comparative study of all eleven cysteine cathepsins in one experimental model is still missing. In this work, we assessed and compared the expression, localization, and maturation of all eleven cysteine cathepsins in embryonic kidney cells HEK293 and kidney cancer cell lines 769-P and A-498. We found that the expression of cathepsins V, B, Z, L, and S was 3- to 9-fold higher in kidney tumor cells than in embryonic cells. We also showed that all cysteine cathepsins were present in varying amounts in the nucleus of both embryonic and tumor cells. Notably, more than half of the cathepsin Z or K and over 88% of cathepsin F were localized in tumor cell nuclei. Moreover, mature forms of cysteine cathepsins were more prevalent in tumor cells than in embryonic cells. These results can be further used to develop novel diagnostic tools and may assist in the investigation of cysteine cathepsins as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Frolova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
| | - Natalia K Tikhomirova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Igor I Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
| | - Konstantin I Ivanov
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Egorova VS, Kolesova EP, Lopus M, Yan N, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Smart Delivery Systems Responsive to Cathepsin B Activity for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1848. [PMID: 37514035 PMCID: PMC10386206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease, contributing to vital cellular homeostatic processes including protein turnover, macroautophagy of damaged organelles, antigen presentation, and in the extracellular space, it takes part in tissue remodeling, prohormone processing, and activation. However, aberrant overexpression of cathepsin B and its enzymatic activity is associated with different pathological conditions, including cancer. Cathepsin B overexpression in tumor tissues makes this enzyme an important target for smart delivery systems, responsive to the activity of this enzyme. The generation of technologies which therapeutic effect is activated as a result of cathepsin B cleavage provides an opportunity for tumor-targeted therapy and controlled drug release. In this review, we summarized different technologies designed to improve current cancer treatments responsive to the activity of this enzyme that were shown to play a key role in disease progression and response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Kalina Campus, Vidyanagari, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Neng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Kolesova EP, Egorova VS, Syrocheva AO, Frolova AS, Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Trushina DB, Fatkhutdinova L, Zyuzin M, Demina PA, Khaydukov EV, Zamyatnin AA, Parodi A. Proteolytic Resistance Determines Albumin Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Properties and Increases Cathepsin B, D, and G Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10245. [PMID: 37373389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic activity is pivotal in maintaining cell homeostasis and function. In pathological conditions such as cancer, it covers a key role in tumor cell viability, spreading to distant organs, and response to the treatment. Endosomes represent one of the major sites of cellular proteolytic activity and very often represent the final destination of internalized nanoformulations. However, little information about nanoparticle impact on the biology of these organelles is available even though they represent the major location of drug release. In this work, we generated albumin nanoparticles with a different resistance to proteolysis by finely tuning the amount of cross-linker used to stabilize the carriers. After careful characterization of the particles and measurement of their degradation in proteolytic conditions, we determined a relationship between their sensitivity to proteases and their drug delivery properties. These phenomena were characterized by an overall increase in the expression of cathepsin proteases regardless of the different sensitivity of the particles to proteolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina P Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Vera S Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O Syrocheva
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S Frolova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Kostyusheva
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria B Trushina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail Zyuzin
- School of Physics, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Demina
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khaydukov
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Frolova AS, Chepikova OE, Deviataikina AS, Solonkina AD, Zamyatnin AA. New Perspectives on the Role of Nuclear Proteases in Cell Death Pathways. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:797. [PMID: 37372081 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors can trigger cell death via various pathways, and nuclear proteases have emerged as essential regulators of these processes. While certain nuclear proteases have been extensively studied and their mechanisms of action are well understood, others remain poorly characterized. Regulation of nuclear protease activity is a promising therapeutic strategy that could selectively induce favorable cell death pathways in specific tissues or organs. Thus, by understanding the roles of newly discovered or predicted nuclear proteases in cell death processes, we can identify new pharmacological targets for improving therapeutic outcomes. In this article, we delved into the role of nuclear proteases in several types of cell death and explore potential avenues for future research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Frolova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anna S Deviataikina
- Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modeling, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena D Solonkina
- Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modeling, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Xie Z, Zhao M, Yan C, Kong W, Lan F, Zhao S, Yang Q, Bai Z, Qing H, Ni J. Cathepsin B in programmed cell death machinery: mechanisms of execution and regulatory pathways. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:255. [PMID: 37031185 PMCID: PMC10082344 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CatB), a cysteine protease, is primarily localized within subcellular endosomal and lysosomal compartments. It is involved in the turnover of intracellular and extracellular proteins. Interest is growing in CatB due to its diverse roles in physiological and pathological processes. In functional defective tissues, programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the regulable fundamental mechanisms mediated by CatB, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death. However, CatB-mediated PCD is responsible for disease progression under pathological conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the critical roles and regulatory pathways of CatB in different types of PCD, and discuss the possibility of CatB as an attractive target in multiple diseases. We also summarize current gaps in the understanding of the involvement of CatB in PCD to highlight future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxiang Yan
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Zhantao Bai
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China.
- Yan'an Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell and Engineering and Technological Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Yan'an, 716000, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
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Bialek J, Yankulov S, Kawan F, Fornara P, Theil G. Role of Nivolumab in the Modulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Papillary and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (RCC). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123244. [PMID: 36552000 PMCID: PMC9776360 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and cellular mechanisms of programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) in renal cancer cells are not well known. Here, we aimed to investigate the response of renal carcinoma subtypes to the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab and its impact on related signaling pathways. All cell lines analyzed (clear cell (cc)RCC (Caki-1, RCC31) and papillary (p)RCC (ACHN, RCC30)) expressed PD-1 and both ccRCC cell lines, and RCC30 expressed PD-L1. Nivolumab treatment at increasing doses led to increased PD-1 levels in analyzed cells and resulted in aggressive behavior of pRCC but diminished this behavior in ccRCC. The analysis of PD-1/PD-L1-associated signaling pathways demonstrated increased AKT activity in Caki-1 and RCC30 cells but decreased activity in ACHN and RCC31 cells, while ribosomal protein S6 remained largely unchanged. Androgen receptors are related to RCC and were predominantly increased in RCC30 cells, which were the only cells that formed nivolumab-dependent spheroids. Finally, all cell lines exhibited a complex response to nivolumab treatment. Since the pRCC cells responded with increased tumorigenicity and PD-1/PD-L1 levels while ccRCC tumorigenicity was diminished, further studies are needed to improve nivolumab-based therapy for renal carcinoma subtypes, especially the identification of response-involved molecular pathways.
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Zamyatnin AA, Gregory LC, Townsend PA, Soond SM. Beyond basic research: the contribution of cathepsin B to cancer development, diagnosis and therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:963-977. [PMID: 36562407 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2161888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In view of other candidate proteins from the cathepsin family of proteases holding great potential in being targeted during cancer therapy, the importance of Cathepsin B (CtsB) stands out as being truly exceptional. Based on its contribution to oncogenesis, its intimate connection with regulating apoptosis and modulating extracellular and intracellular functions through its secretion or compartmentalized subcellular localization, collectively highlight its complex molecular involvement with a myriad of normal and pathological regulatory processes. Despite its complex functional nature, CtsB is emerging as one of the few cathepsin proteases that has been extensively researched to yield tangible outcomes for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In this article, we review the scientific literature that has justified or shaped the importance of CtsB expression in cancer progression, from the perspective of highlighting a paradigm that is rapidly changing from basic research toward a broader clinical and translational context. EXPERT OPINION In doing so, we detail its maturation as a diagnostic marker through describing the development of CtsB-specific Activity-Based Probes, the rapid evolution of these toward a new generation of Prodrugs, and the evaluation of these in model systems for their therapeutic potential as anti-cancer agents in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Zamyatnin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Levy C Gregory
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Surinder M Soond
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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