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Xie S, Luo H, Huang W, Jin W, Dong Z. Striking a growth-defense balance: Stress regulators that function in maize development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:424-442. [PMID: 37787439 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xie
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Ni J, You C, Chen Z, Tang D, Wu H, Deng W, Wang X, Yang J, Bao R, Liu Z, Meng P, Rong T, Liu J. Deploying QTL-seq rapid identification and separation of the major QTLs of tassel branch number for fine-mapping in advanced maize populations. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:88. [PMID: 38045561 PMCID: PMC10686902 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The tassel competes with the ear for nutrients and shields the upper leaves, thereby reducing the yield of grain. The tassel branch number (TBN) is a pivotal determinant of tassel size, wherein the reduced TBN has the potential to enhance the transmission of light and reduce the consumption of nutrients, which should ultimately result in increased yield. Consequently, the TBN has emerged as a vital target trait in contemporary breeding programs that focus on compact maize varieties. In this study, QTL-seq technology and advanced population mapping were used to rapidly identify and dissect the major effects of the TBN on QTL. Advanced mapping populations (BC4F2 and BC4F3) were derived from the inbred lines 18-599 (8-11 TBN) and 3237 (0-1 TBN) through phenotypic recurrent selection. First, 13 genomic regions associated with the TBN were detected using quantitative trait locus (QTL)-seq and were located on chromosomes 2 and 5. Subsequently, validated loci within these regions were identified by QTL-seq. Three QTLs for TBN were identified in the BC4F2 populations by traditional QTL mapping, with each QTL explaining the phenotypic variation of 6.13-18.17%. In addition, for the major QTL (qTBN2-2 and qTBN5-1), residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) were developed from the BC4F2 population. These two major QTLs were verified in the RHLs by QTL mapping, with the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 21.57% and 30.75%, respectively. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) of qTBN2-2 and qTBN5-1 were constructed. There were significant differences between the NILs in TBN. These results will enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of TBN and provide a solid foundation for the fine-mapping of TBN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01431-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Ni
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Chong You
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhengjie Chen
- Sichuan Advanced Agricultural & Industrial Institute, China Agriculture University, No.8 Xingyuan Road, Xinjin District, Chengdu, 611430 Sichuan China
| | - Dengguo Tang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Wujiao Deng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jinchang Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Ruifan Bao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Pengxu Meng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Xie P, Wu Y, Xie Q. Evolution of cereal floral architecture and threshability. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1438-1450. [PMID: 37673701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Hulled grains, while providing natural protection for seeds, pose a challenge to manual threshing due to the pair of glumes tightly encasing them. Based on natural evolution and artificial domestication, gramineous crops evolved various hull-like floral organs. Recently, progress has been made in uncovering novel domesticated genes associated with cereal threshability and deciphering common regulatory modules pertinent to the specification of hull-like floral organs. Here we review morphological similarities, principal regulators, and common mechanisms implicated in the easy-threshing traits of crops. Understanding the shared and unique features in the developmental process of cereal threshability may not only shed light on the convergent evolution of cereals but also facilitate the de novo domestication of wild cereal germplasm resources through genome-editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Center of Technology Innovation for Maize, Syngenta Group China, Beijing 102206, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Bao J, Li Y, Yin Z, Long Y, Wan X. The Genetic Structures and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ear Traits in Maize ( Zea mays L.). Cells 2023; 12:1900. [PMID: 37508564 PMCID: PMC10378120 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's staple food crops. In order to feed the growing world population, improving maize yield is a top priority for breeding programs. Ear traits are important determinants of maize yield, and are mostly quantitatively inherited. To date, many studies relating to the genetic and molecular dissection of ear traits have been performed; therefore, we explored the genetic loci of the ear traits that were previously discovered in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies, and refined 153 QTL and 85 quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) clusters. Next, we shortlisted 19 common intervals (CIs) that can be detected simultaneously by both QTL mapping and GWAS, and 40 CIs that have pleiotropic effects on ear traits. Further, we predicted the best possible candidate genes from 71 QTL and 25 QTN clusters that could be valuable for maize yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Jianxi Bao
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Ya’nan Li
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Zechao Yin
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.D.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Wu S, Wang J, Fang C, Zhang S, Xie R, Zhao L, An X, Wan X. The ZmMYB84-ZmPKSB regulatory module controls male fertility through modulating anther cuticle-pollen exine trade-off in maize anthers. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2342-2356. [PMID: 36070225 PMCID: PMC9674315 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anther cuticle and pollen exine are two crucial lipid layers that ensure normal pollen development and pollen-stigma interaction for successful fertilization and seed production in plants. Their formation processes share certain common pathways of lipid biosynthesis and transport across four anther wall layers. However, molecular mechanism underlying a trade-off of lipid-metabolic products to promote the proper formation of the two lipid layers remains elusive. Here, we identified and characterized a maize male-sterility mutant pksb, which displayed denser anther cuticle but thinner pollen exine as well as delayed tapetal degeneration compared with its wild type. Based on map-based cloning and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, we found that the causal gene (ZmPKSB) of pksb mutant encoded an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized polyketide synthase (PKS) with catalytic activities to malonyl-CoA and midchain-fatty acyl-CoA to generate triketide and tetraketide α-pyrone. A conserved catalytic triad (C171, H320 and N353) was essential for its enzymatic activity. ZmPKSB was specifically expressed in maize anthers from stages S8b to S9-10 with its peak at S9 and was directly activated by a transcription factor ZmMYB84. Moreover, loss function of ZmMYB84 resulted in denser anther cuticle but thinner pollen exine similar to the pksb mutant. The ZmMYB84-ZmPKSB regulatory module controlled a trade-off between anther cuticle and pollen exine formation by altering expression of a series of genes related to biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin, cutin and wax. These findings provide new insights into the fine-tuning regulation of lipid-metabolic balance to precisely promote anther cuticle and pollen exine formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Liu
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yilin Jiang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Suowei Wu
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chaowei Fang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lina Zhao
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xueli An
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
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Zhou Y, Yao M, Wang Q, Zhang X, Di H, Zhang L, Dong L, Xu Q, Liu X, Zeng X, Wang Z. Analysis of QTLs and Candidate Genes for Tassel Symptoms in Maize Infected with Sporisorium reilianum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214416. [PMID: 36430897 PMCID: PMC9692487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat smut is a fungal soil-borne disease caused by Sporisorium reilianum, and affects the development of male and female tassels. Our previous research found that the tassel symptoms in maize infected with Sporisorium reilianum significantly differed in inbred lines with Sipingtou blood, and exhibited stable heredity over time at multiple locations. In this study, cytological analysis demonstrated that the cellular organization structures of three typical inbred lines (Huangzao4, Jing7, and Chang7-2) showed significant discrepancies at the VT stage. QTLs that control the different symptoms of maize tassels infected with Sporisorium reilianum were located in two F2 populations, which were constructed using three typical inbred lines. The BSA (bulked segregation analysis) method was used to construct mixed gene pools based on typical tassel symptoms. The QTLs of different symptoms of maize tassels infected with Sporisorium reilianum were detected with 869 SSR markers covering the whole maize genome. The mixed gene pools were screened with polymorphic markers between the parents. Additional SSR markers were added near the above marker to detect genotypes in partially single plants in F2 populations. The QTL controlling tassel symptoms in the Huangzao4 and Jing7 lines was located on the bin 1.06 region, between the markers of umc1590 and bnlg1598, and explained 21.12% of the phenotypic variation with an additive effect of 0.6524. The QTL controlling the tassel symptoms of the Jing7 and Chang7-2 lines was located on the bin 2.07 region, between the markers of umc1042 and bnlg1335, and explained 11.26% phenotypic variation with an additive effect of 0.4355. Two candidate genes (ZmABP2 and Zm00001D006403) were identified by a conjoint analysis of label-free quantification proteome sequencings.
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