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Zeng H, Yang Y, Gao J, Zhou Y, Zheng J. Study of the impurity profile of photodegradation in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops using liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9732. [PMID: 38525499 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops are highly unstable to light and prone to produce photodegradation impurities. These impurities might be related to the phototoxicity of lomefloxacin, which could seriously threaten the health of patients. In this article, the photodegradation impurity profile in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops was studied for further improvement of quality control of the drug. METHODS By studying the chromatographic behavior of photodegradation impurities, the photodegradation impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops were separated and detected effectively. Liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the structures of the photodegradation impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops. RESULTS The structures of 17 impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops were elucidated based on high-resolution MSn data in positive ion mode, 12 of them being unknown impurities. CONCLUSIONS The structural characteristics and fragmentation patterns of the photodegradation impurities were also studied. The study of the photodegradation impurity profile in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops provides a scientific basis for quality control of these ear drops and ensures the safety of drug use by the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Gao
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
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Wang A, Wen Y, Zhu X, Zhou J, Chen Y, Liu H, Liang C, Liu E, Zhang Y, Ai G, Gaiping Z. Quantum dot-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay for the rapid detection of lomefloxacin in animal-derived foods. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:513-524. [PMID: 38502862 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2267144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Lomefloxacin (LMF), a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, is often used to treat bacterial and mycoplasma infections. However, due to its prolonged half-life and slow metabolism, it is prone to residues in animal-derived foods, posing a potential food safety risk. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and important to establish a method for detecting lomefloxacin. In this study, direct and indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (dc-FLISA and ic-FLISA) based on quantum dots (QDs) was established for the detection of LMF. As for dc-FLISA, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and limit of detection (LOD) were 0.84 ng/mL, 0.04 ng/mL, respectively, the detection ranges from 0.08 to 9.11 ng/mL. The IC50 and LOD of ic-FLISA were 0.43 ng/mL and 0.03 ng/mL, respectively, meanwhile the detection ranges from 0.05 to 3.49 ng/mL. The recoveries of dc-FLISA and ic-FLISA in animal-derived foods (milk, fish, chicken, and honey), ranged from 95.8% to 105.2% and from 96.3% to 103.4%, respectively, with the coefficients of variation less than 8%. These results suggest that the dc-FLISA and ic-FLISA methods, which are based on QD labelling, are highly sensitive and cost-effective, and can be effectively used to detect LMF in animal-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Enping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Ai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Gaiping
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Karkoszka M, Rok J, Kowalska J, Rzepka Z, Banach K, Wrześniok D. Phototoxic action of meloxicam contributes to dysregulation of redox homeostasis in normal human skin cells - Molecular and biochemical analysis of antioxidant enzymes in melanocytes and fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105745. [PMID: 38036073 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The phototoxic effect of meloxicam (MLX) raises the question of the effect of the drug on the redox homeostasis of normal human skin cells. The main objective of the study was to analyze the effect of MLX and/or UVA radiation (UVAR) on the redox homeostasis of human normal skin cells - melanocytes and fibroblasts. MLX was found to affect the activity and expression of enzymes of the antioxidant system differently depending on the cell line used. The drug decreased the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase type 1 and 2 (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in fibroblasts, while increasing the activity of these enzymes in melanocytes. UVA radiation enhanced the effects of the drug. In conclusion, MLX in combination with UVAR induces oxidative stress in melanocytes and fibroblasts, however, the analyses showed that the drug's effect the activity and expression of SOD, CAT and GPx differently, depending on the cell line. The observed dissimilarity between tested cell lines may result from the presence of melanin pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Karkoszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Banach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Karkoszka M, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Banach K, Kowalska J, Wrześniok D. Phototoxic Reactions Inducted by Hydrochlorothiazide and Furosemide in Normal Skin Cells-In Vitro Studies on Melanocytes and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1432. [PMID: 38338717 PMCID: PMC10855103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is known to be a multifactorial disease associated with abnormalities in neuroendocrine, metabolic, and hemodynamic systems. Poorly controlled hypertension causes more than one in eight premature deaths worldwide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and furosemide (FUR), being first-line drugs in the treatment of hypertension, are among others the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world. Currently, many pharmacoepidemiological data associate the use of these diuretics with an increased risk of adverse phototoxic reactions that may induce the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. In this study, the cytotoxic and phototoxic potential of HCT and FUR against skin cells varied by melanin pigment content was assessed for the first time. The results showed that both drugs reduced the number of metabolically active normal skin cells in a dose-dependent manner. UVA irradiation significantly increased the cytotoxicity of HCT towards fibroblasts by approximately 40% and melanocytes by almost 20% compared to unirradiated cells. In the case of skin cells exposed to FUR and UVA radiation, an increase in cytotoxicity by approximately 30% for fibroblasts and 10% for melanocytes was observed. Simultaneous exposure of melanocytes and fibroblasts to HCT or FUR and UVAR caused a decrease in cell viability, and number, which was confirmed by microscopic assessment of morphology. The phototoxic effect of HCT and FUR was associated with the disturbance of redox homeostasis confirming the oxidative stress as a mechanism of phototoxic reaction. UVA-irradiated drugs increased the generation of ROS by 10-150%, and oxidized intracellular thiols. A reduction in mitochondrial potential of almost 80% in melanocytes exposed to HCT and UVAR and 60% in fibroblasts was found due to oxidative stress occurrence. In addition, HCT and FUR have been shown to disrupt the cell cycle of normal skin cells. Finally, it can be concluded that HCT is the drug with a stronger phototoxic effect, and fibroblasts turn out to be more sensitive cells to the phototoxic effect of tested drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.K.); (J.R.); (Z.R.); (K.B.); (J.K.)
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Gao J, Xu B, Li P, Zhang F, Zhou P, Su W, Wang J. Universal response method for the quantitative analysis of photodegradation impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops by liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115552. [PMID: 37393690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In terms of risk assessment especially for the impurities with different ultraviolet responses, quantitative analysis without the availability of corresponding reference substances currently poses a challenge. In this study, a universal response method was established for the quantitative analysis of photodegradable impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops by high performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) for the first time. The chromatographic conditions and CAD parameters were optimized for a good separation and sensitivity. The uniform response of developed method was validated by impurity reference substances with different ultraviolet responses. In the gradient compensation HPLC-CAD method validation, good linearities were obtained with coefficient of determination (R2) all greater than 0.999 for lomefloxacin and impurity reference substances. The average recoveries of the impurities were 98.63%- 102.18% by UV and 97.92%- 102.57% by CAD, respectively. RSDs all were less than 2.5% for intra-day and inter-day precision by UV and CAD, with good precision and accuracy. The correction factor experimental results showed that the developed method provided a uniform response to the impurities with differences chromophores in lomefloxacin. The effects of packaging materials and excipients on the photodegradation were also investigated using the developed method. The results of correlation analysis showed that the packaging materials with low light transmittance and the organic excipients (glycerol and ethanol) could significantly improve the stability of lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops. The developed HPLC-CAD quantification method was a reliable and universal response method for quantitative analysis of impurities in the lomefloxacin. This study also revealed the key factors affecting the photodegradation of lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops, which guided enterprises to improve drug prescription and packaging materials and ensure the public medication safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Gao
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bingyong Xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weike Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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