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Liu C, Zhang D, Long K, Qi W, Pang L, Li J, Cheng KKY, Cai Y. From exosomes to mitochondria and myocardial infarction: molecular insight and therapeutic challenge. Pharmacol Res 2024:107468. [PMID: 39426469 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite patients with MI benefit from timely reperfusion therapies, the rates of mortality and morbidity remain substantial, suggesting an enduring need for the development of new approaches. Molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial ischemic injury are associated with both cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles released by almost all eukaryotic cells. They facilitate the communication between various cells by transferring information via their cargo and altering different biological activities in recipient cells. Studies have created great prospects for therapeutic applications of exosomes in MI, as demonstrated through their beneficial effect on heart function and reducing ventricular remodeling in association with fibrosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and inflammation. Of note, myocardial ischemic injury is primarily due to restricted blood flow, reducing oxygen availability, and causing inefficient utilization of energy substrates. However, the impact of exosomes on cardiac energy metabolism has not been adequately investigated. Although exosomes have been engineered for targeted delivery to enhance clinical efficacy, challenges must be overcome to utilize them reliably in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the research progress of exosomes for MI with a focus on the known and unknown regarding the role of exosomes in energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes; as well as potential research avenues of exosome-mitochondrial energy regulation as well as therapeutic challenges. We aim to help identify more efficient molecular targets that may promote the clinical application of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dengwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kekao Long
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wensheng Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Liao P, Han L, Tao R, Li D, Zhang P, Xiao H. Specific peptides targeting the myocardiocyte are prognostic markers for heart attack: Function of α-SMA protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135793. [PMID: 39304042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease that often results in a significant decline in heart function and associated complications. α-SMA (α-smooth muscle cell actin) is an important biomarker in the process of cardiac remodeling and repair, and its expression level is closely related to myocardial remodeling and prognosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of nanoparticles containing cardiomyocyte targeting peptides in predicting prognosis and α-SMA protein expression after myocardial infarction, with a view to providing new therapeutic strategies and clinical guidelines. In this study, a novel targeting nanoparticle was constructed, using cardiomyocyte specific peptides as targeting ligands, and characterized by loading different drugs. Subsequently, a mouse model of myocardial infarction was used to systematically evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on α-SMA protein expression and prognosis prediction ability after MI. The expression level of α-SMA was analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and the prognosis was evaluated by cardiac function assessment. The study found that nanoparticles containing cardiomyocyte targeting peptides significantly increased α-SMA expression levels and improved heart function in animal models of myocardial infarction. Compared with the control group, the application of targeted nanoparticles was closely related to the level of myocardial cell repair and fibrosis, and could effectively predict the prognosis after myocardial infarction. Therefore, nanoparticles containing cardiomyocyte targeting peptides can not only effectively improve the expression of α-SMA, but also serve as an important prognostic tool after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No.179 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No.179 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No.179 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No.179 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No.179 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China.
| | - Hongbing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No.179 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China.
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Wu XY, Lee YK, Lau YM, Au KW, Tse YL, Ng KM, Wong CK, Tse HF. The Pathogenic Mechanisms of and Novel Therapies for Lamin A/C-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy Based on Patient-Specific Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms and Animal Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1030. [PMID: 39204134 PMCID: PMC11357512 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Variants (pathogenic) of the LMNA gene are a common cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is characterised by early-onset atrioventricular (AV) block, atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs), and progressive heart failure. The unstable internal nuclear lamina observed in LMNA-related DCM is a consequence of the disassembly of lamins A and C. This suggests that LMNA variants produce truncated or alternative forms of protein that alter the nuclear structure and the signalling pathway related to cardiac muscle diseases. To date, the pathogenic mechanisms and phenotypes of LMNA-related DCM have been studied using different platforms, such as patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and transgenic mice. In this review, point variants in the LMNA gene that cause autosomal dominantly inherited forms of LMNA-related DCM are summarised. In addition, potential therapeutic targets based on preclinical studies of LMNA variants using transgenic mice and human iPSC-CMs are discussed. They include mitochondria deficiency, variants in nuclear deformation, chromatin remodelling, altered platelet-derived growth factor and ERK1/2-related pathways, and abnormal calcium handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Yee-Ki Lee
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Yee-Man Lau
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Ka-Wing Au
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Yiu-Lam Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Kwong-Man Ng
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
- Centre for Stem Cell Translational Biology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Ka Wong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (X.-Y.W.); (Y.-K.L.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.-W.A.); (Y.-L.T.); (K.-M.N.); (C.-K.W.)
- Centre for Stem Cell Translational Biology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Cardiac and Vascular Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- Hong Kong-Guangdong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xie Q, Ma Y, Ren Z, Gu T, Jiang Z. Circular RNA: A new expectation for cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30512. [PMID: 38098251 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of RNA with the 5' and 3' ends connected covalently to form a closed loop structure and characterized by high stability, conserved sequences and tissue specificity, which is caused by special reverse splicing methods. Currently, it has become a hot spot for research. With the discovery of its powerful regulatory functions and roles, the molecular mechanisms and future value of circRNA in participating in and regulating biological and pathological processes are becoming increasingly apparent. Among them is the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Many studies have elucidated that circRNA plays a crucial role in the development and progression of CVDs. Therefore, circRNA shows its advantages and brilliant expectations in the field of CVDs. In this review, we describe the biogenesis, bioinformatics detection and function of circRNA and discuss the role of circRNA and its effects on CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac senescence, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetic cardiomyopathy by different mechanisms. That shows circRNA advantages and brilliant expectations in the field of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Tianhe Gu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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5
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Khalaji A, Mehrtabar S, Jabraeilipour A, Doustar N, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Tahavvori A, Fattahi P, Alavi SMA, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Shariat Zadeh M. Inhibitory effect of microRNA-21 on pathways and mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis development. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 18:17539447241253134. [PMID: 38819836 PMCID: PMC11143841 DOI: 10.1177/17539447241253134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pivotal cardiovascular disease (CVD) process and represents a notable health concern worldwide. While the complex mechanisms underlying CVD have been widely investigated, recent research has highlighted microRNA-21's (miR-21) role in cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we explore the molecular interactions, focusing on the role of miR-21 in contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Various signaling pathways, such as the RAAS, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1, ERK, PI3K-Akt, and PTEN pathways, besides dysregulation in fibroblast activity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of MMPs cause cardiac fibrosis. Besides, miR-21 in growth factor secretion, apoptosis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition play crucial roles. miR-21 capacity regulatory function presents promising insights for cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, this review discusses numerous approaches to control miR-21 expression, including antisense oligonucleotides, anti-miR-21 compounds, and Notch signaling modulation, all novel methods of cardiac fibrosis inhibition. In summary, this narrative review aims to assess the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and its essential miR-21 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Khalaji
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nadia Doustar
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tahavvori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Payam Fattahi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour-Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Kordowitzki P. DNA Methylation and Telomeres-Their Impact on the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation during Cardiac Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15699. [PMID: 37958686 PMCID: PMC10650750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in humans. AF is characterized by irregular and increased atrial muscle activation. This high-frequency activation obliterates the synchronous work of the atria and ventricles, reducing myocardial performance, which can lead to severe heart failure or stroke. The risk of developing atrial fibrillation depends largely on the patient's history. Cardiovascular diseases are considered aging-related pathologies; therefore, deciphering the role of telomeres and DNA methylation (mDNA), two hallmarks of aging, is likely to contribute to a better understanding and prophylaxis of AF. In honor of Prof. Elizabeth Blackburn's 75th birthday, we dedicate this review to the discovery of telomeres and her contribution to research on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pawel Kordowitzki
- Department for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Szosa Bydgoska 13, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Xu Y, Huang Y, Cheng X, Hu B, Jiang D, Wu L, Peng S, Hu J. Mechanotransductive receptor Piezo1 as a promising target in the treatment of fibrosis diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1270979. [PMID: 37900917 PMCID: PMC10602816 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1270979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis could happen in every organ, leading to organic malfunction and even organ failure, which poses a serious threat to global health. Early treatment of fibrosis has been reported to be the turning point, therefore, exploring potential correlates in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and how to reverse fibrosis has become a pressing issue. As a mechanism-sensitive cationic calcium channel, Piezo1 turns on in response to changes in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Piezo1 exerts multiple biological roles, including inhibition of inflammation, cytoskeletal stabilization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stromal stiffness, and immune cell mechanotransduction, interestingly enough. These processes are closely associated with the development of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have shown that deletion or knockdown of Piezo1 attenuates the onset of fibrosis. Therefore, in this paper we comprehensively describe the biology of this gene, focusing on its potential relevance in pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis diseases, except for the role of drugs (agonists), increased intracellular calcium and mechanical stress using this gene in alleviating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiqian Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Gaytan SL, Beaven E, Gadad SS, Nurunnabi M. Progress and prospect of nanotechnology for cardiac fibrosis treatment. INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2023; 1:e20230018. [PMID: 38089921 PMCID: PMC10712437 DOI: 10.1002/inmd.20230018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the heart, leading to reduced cardiac functionality and heart failure. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic applications of nanotechnology for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. We first delve into the fundamental pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis, highlighting the key molecular players, including Matrix Metalloproteinases, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and several growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules. Each target presents a unique opportunity to develop targeted nano-therapies. We then focus on recent advancements in nanotechnology and how nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs or therapeutic genes. These advanced delivery approaches have shown significant potential to inhibit fibrosis-promoting factors, thereby mitigating the fibrotic response and potentially reversing disease progression. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with developing and translating nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including ensuring biocompatibility, safety, and regulatory compliance. This review highlights how nanotechnology can bridge the gap between lab research and clinical practice for treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Gaytan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in CancerDepartment of Molecular and Translational MedicinePaul L. Foster School of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Border Biomedical Research CenterThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
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Chu L, Xie D, Xu D. Epigenetic Regulation of Fibroblasts and Crosstalk between Cardiomyocytes and Non-Myocyte Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1382. [PMID: 37759781 PMCID: PMC10526373 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms and cell crosstalk have been shown to play important roles in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. This review article aims to provide a thorough overview of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in fibroblast regulation. During fibrosis, fibroblast epigenetic regulation encompasses a multitude of mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, and chromatin remodeling. These mechanisms regulate the phenotype of fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix composition by modulating gene expression, thereby orchestrating the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, cardiac fibrosis disrupts normal cardiac function by imposing myocardial mechanical stress and compromising cardiac electrical conduction. This review article also delves into the intricate crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing epigenetic regulation and cell crosstalk in cardiac fibrosis is critical for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to unravel the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dachun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 315 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 200072, China; (L.C.); (D.X.)
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10
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Jiang Y, Song S, Liu J, Zhang L, Guo X, Lu J, Li L, Yang C, Fu Q, Zeng B. Epigenetic regulation of programmed cell death in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206452. [PMID: 37753070 PMCID: PMC10518698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe progressive disease that may cause early right ventricular failure and eventual cardiac failure. The pathogenesis of PAH involves endothelial dysfunction, aberrant proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and vascular fibrosis. Hypoxia has been shown to induce elevated secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to the development of hypoxic PAH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic PAH remain incompletely understood. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a natural cell death and regulated by certain genes. Emerging evidence suggests that apoptotic resistance contributes to the development of PAH. Moreover, several novel types of PCD, such as autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been reported to be involved in the development of PAH. Additionally, multiple diverse epigenetic mechanisms including RNA methylation, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the non-coding RNA molecule-mediated processes have been strongly linked to the development of PAH. These epigenetic modifications affect the expression of genes, which produce important changes in cellular biological processes, including PCD. Consequently, a better understanding of the PCD processes and epigenetic modification involved in PAH will provide novel, specific therapeutic strategies for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss recent advances in epigenetic mechanisms and elucidate the role of epigenetic modifications in regulating PCD in hypoxia-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Baoxing Biological Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiayao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lie Li
- Shenzhen Reyson Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Nanjing Evertop Electronics Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Majid A, Hassan FO, Hoque MM, Gbadegoye JO, Lebeche D. Bioactive Compounds and Cardiac Fibrosis: Current Insight and Future Prospect. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:313. [PMID: 37504569 PMCID: PMC10380727 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by excessive deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in the heart. It is recognized as a major contributor to the development and progression of heart failure. Despite significant research efforts in characterizing and identifying key molecular mechanisms associated with myocardial fibrosis, effective treatment for this condition is still out of sight. In this regard, bioactive compounds have emerged as potential therapeutic antifibrotic agents due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These compounds exhibit the ability to modulate fibrogenic processes by inhibiting the production of extracellular matrix proteins involved in fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, or by promoting their breakdown. Extensive investigation of these bioactive compounds offers new possibilities for preventing or reducing cardiac fibrosis and its detrimental consequences. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough overview of the mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis, address the limitations of current treatment strategies, and specifically explore the potential of bioactive compounds as therapeutic interventions for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Majid
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Translational Research Building, Room 318H, 71 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Translational Research Building, Room 318H, 71 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Md Monirul Hoque
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Translational Research Building, Room 318H, 71 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Joy Olaoluwa Gbadegoye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Translational Research Building, Room 318H, 71 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Translational Research Building, Room 318H, 71 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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González-Herrera F, Catalán M, Anfossi R, Maya JD, Pedrozo Z, Díaz-Araya G, Vivar R. SGK1 is necessary to FoxO3a negative regulation, oxidative stress and cardiac fibroblast activation induced by TGF-β1. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110778. [PMID: 37343898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) activation is a common response to most pathological conditions affecting the heart, characterized by increased cellular secretory capacity and increased expression of fibrotic markers, such as collagen I and smooth muscle actin type alpha (α-SMA). Fibrotic activation of CFs induces the increase in tissue protein content, with the consequent tissue stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure. Therefore, the search for new mechanisms of CFs activation is important to find novel treatments for cardiac diseases characterized by fibrosis. In this regard, TGF-β1, a cytokine with proinflammatory and fibrotic properties, is crucial in the CFs activation and the development of fibrotic diseases, whereas its molecular targets are not completely known. Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1) is a protein involved in various pathophysiological phenomena, especially cardiac and renal diseases that curse with fibrosis. Additionally, SGK1 phosphorylates and regulates the activity and expression of several targets, highlighting FoxO3a for its role in the regulation of oxidative stress and CFs activation induced by TGF-β1. However, the regulation of SGK1 by TGF-β1 and its role in CFs activation have not been studied. In this work, we evaluate the role of SGK1 in CFs isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. The participation of SGK1 in the fibrotic activation of CFs induced by TGF-β1 was analyzed, using an inhibitor or siRNA of SGK1. In addition, the role of SGK1 on the regulation of FoxO3a and oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1 was analyzed. Our results indicate that TGF-β1 increased both the activity and expression of SGK1 in CFs, requiring the activation of MAPKs, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK, while inhibition and silencing of SGK1 prevented TGF-β1-induced fibrotic activation of CFs. In addition, SGK1 inhibition prevented FoxO3a inactivation and expression reduction, catalase and SOD2 expression decrease, and the increase of oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1. Taken together, our results position SGK1 as an important regulator of CFs activation driven by TGF-β1, at least in part, through the regulation of FoxO3a and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola González-Herrera
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Catalán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Physiology and Biophysical Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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