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Zielke C, Nielsen JE, Lin JS, Barron AE. Between good and evil: Complexation of the human cathelicidin LL-37 with nucleic acids. Biophys J 2024; 123:1316-1328. [PMID: 37919905 PMCID: PMC11163296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides a crucial first line of defense against invading pathogens attacking the body. As the only member of the human cathelicidin family, the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 has been shown to have antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. In complexation with nucleic acids, LL-37 is suggested to maintain its beneficial health effects while also acting as a condensation agent for the nucleic acid. Complexes formed by LL-37 and nucleic acids have been shown to be immunostimulatory with a positive impact on the human innate immune system. However, some studies also suggest that in some circumstances, LL-37/nucleic acid complexes may be a contributing factor to autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of research highlighting the beneficial health effects of LL-37/nucleic acid complexes, as well as discussing observed detrimental effects. We will emphasize why it is important to investigate and elucidate structural characteristics, such as condensation patterns of nucleic acids within complexation, and their mechanisms of action, to shed light on the intricate physiological effects of LL-37 and the seemingly contradictory role of LL-37/nucleic acid complexes in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zielke
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jennifer S Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California.
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Chernov AN, Kim AV, Skliar SS, Fedorov EV, Tsapieva AN, Filatenkova TA, Chutko AL, Matsko MV, Galimova ES, Shamova OV. Expression of molecular markers and synergistic anticancer effects of chemotherapy with antimicrobial peptides on glioblastoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:455-469. [PMID: 38280033 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and fatal malignant primary brain tumor. The enhancement of the survival rate for glioma patients remains limited, even with the utilization of a combined treatment approach involving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This study was designed to assess the expression of IDH1, TP53, EGFR, Ki-67, GFAP, H3K27M, MGMT, VEGF, NOS, CD99, and ATRX in glioblastoma tissue from 11 patients. We investigated the anticancer impact and combined effects of cathelicidin (LL-37), protegrin-1 (PG-1), with chemotherapy-temozolomide (TMZ), doxorubicin (DOX), carboplatin (CB), cisplatin (CPL), and etoposide (ETO) in primary GBM cells. In addition, we examined the effect of LL-37, PG-1 on normal human fibroblasts and in the C6/Wistar rat intracerebral glioma model. METHODS For this study, 11 cases of glioblastoma were evaluated immunohistochemically for IDH1, TP53, EGFR, Ki-67, GFAP, H3K27M, MGMT, VEGF, NOS, CD99, and ATRX. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to study cells viability and to determine cytotoxic effects of LL-37, PG-1 and their combination with chemotherapy in primary GBM cells. Synergism or antagonism was determined using combination index (CI) method. Finally, we established C6 glioblastoma model in Wistar rats to investigate the antitumor activity. RESULTS Peptides showed a strong cytotoxic effect on primary GBM cells in the MTT test (IC50 2-16 and 1-32 μM) compared to chemotherapy. The dual-drug combinations of LL-37 + DOX, LL-37 + CB (CI 0.46-0.75) and PG-1 + DOX, PG-1 + CB, PG-1 + TMZ (CI 0.11-0.77), demonstrated a synergism in primary GBM cells. In rat C6 intracerebral GBM model, survival of rats in experimental group (66.75 ± 12.6 days) was prolonged compared with that in control cohort (26.2 ± 2.66 days, p = 0.0008). After LL-37 treatment, experimental group rats showed significantly lower tumor volumes (31.00 ± 8.8 mm3) and weight (49.4 ± 13.3 mg) compared with control group rats (153.8 ± 43.53 mg, p = 0.038; 82.50 ± 7.60 mm3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The combination of antimicrobial peptides and chemical drugs enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy and exerts synergistic antitumor effects in primary GBM cells. Moreover, in vivo study provided the first evidence that LL-37 could effectively inhibit brain tumor growth in rat C6 intracerebral GBM model. These results suggested a significant strategy for proposing a promising therapy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandr V Kim
- Children's Neurosurgical Department No.7, Almazov Medical Research Centre, 197341, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofia S Skliar
- Polenov Neurosurgical Institute, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Fedorov
- Children's Neurosurgical Department No.7, Almazov Medical Research Centre, 197341, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna N Tsapieva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | | | - Aleksei L Chutko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Marina V Matsko
- Napalkov State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Saint Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialised Types of Medical Care (Oncological), Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Elvira S Galimova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - Olga V Shamova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Wang Y, Vizely K, Li CY, Shen K, Shakeri A, Khosravi R, Smith JR, Alteza EAII, Zhao Y, Radisic M. Biomaterials for immunomodulation in wound healing. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae032. [PMID: 38779347 PMCID: PMC11110865 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The substantial economic impact of non-healing wounds, scarring, and burns stemming from skin injuries is evident, resulting in a financial burden on both patients and the healthcare system. This review paper provides an overview of the skin's vital role in guarding against various environmental challenges as the body's largest protective organ and associated developments in biomaterials for wound healing. We first introduce the composition of skin tissue and the intricate processes of wound healing, with special attention to the crucial role of immunomodulation in both acute and chronic wounds. This highlights how the imbalance in the immune response, particularly in chronic wounds associated with underlying health conditions such as diabetes and immunosuppression, hinders normal healing stages. Then, this review distinguishes between traditional wound-healing strategies that create an optimal microenvironment and recent peptide-based biomaterials that modulate cellular processes and immune responses to facilitate wound closure. Additionally, we highlight the importance of considering the stages of wounds in the healing process. By integrating advanced materials engineering with an in-depth understanding of wound biology, this approach holds promise for reshaping the field of wound management and ultimately offering improved outcomes for patients with acute and chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Katrina Vizely
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Chen Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Karen Shen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Ramak Khosravi
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Ryan Smith
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
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Altieri A, Marshall CL, Ramotar P, Lloyd D, Hemshekhar M, Spicer V, van der Does AM, Mookherjee N. Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Suppresses TNFα-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP9 and MMP13 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:203-215. [PMID: 38471488 PMCID: PMC10997319 DOI: 10.1159/000537775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TNFα-inducible matrix metalloproteinases play a critical role in the process of airway remodeling in respiratory inflammatory disease including asthma. The cationic host defense peptide LL-37 is elevated in the lungs during airway inflammation. However, the impact of LL-37 on TNFα-driven processes is not well understood. Here, we examined the effect of LL-37 on TNFα-mediated responses in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). METHODS We used a slow off-rate modified aptamer-based proteomics approach to define the HBEC proteome altered in response to TNFα. Abundance of selected protein candidates and signaling intermediates was examined using immunoassays, ELISA and Western blots, and mRNA abundance was examined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Proteomics analysis revealed that 124 proteins were significantly altered, 12 proteins were enhanced by ≥2-fold compared to unstimulated cells, in response to TNFα. MMP9 was the topmost increased protein in response to TNFα, enhanced by ∼10-fold, and MMP13 was increased by ∼3-fold, compared to unstimulated cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LL-37 significantly suppressed TNFα-mediated MMP9 and MMP13 in HBEC. Mechanistic data revealed that TNFα-mediated MMP9 and MMP13 production is controlled by SRC kinase and that LL-37 enhances related upstream negative regulators, namely, phospho-AKT (T308) and TNFα-mediated TNFAIP3 or A20. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that LL-37 may play a role in intervening in the process of airway remodeling in chronic inflammatory respiratory disease such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Altieri
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Padmanie Ramotar
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dylan Lloyd
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Juszczak M, Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M. Complexation of fungal extracellular nucleic acids by host LL-37 peptide shapes neutrophil response to Candida albicans biofilm. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295168. [PMID: 38384468 PMCID: PMC10880380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans remains the predominant cause of fungal infections, where adhered microbial cells form biofilms - densely packed communities. The central feature of C. albicans biofilms is the production of an extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of polymers and extracellular nucleic acids (eDNA, eRNA), which significantly impedes the infiltration of host cells. Neutrophils, as crucial players in the innate host defense, employ several mechanisms to eradicate the fungal infection, including NETosis, endocytosis, or the release of granules containing, among others, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The main representative of these is the positively charged peptide LL-37 formed from an inactive precursor (hCAP18). In addition to its antimicrobial functions, this peptide possesses a propensity to interact with negatively charged molecules, including nucleic acids. Our in vitro studies have demonstrated that LL-37 contacting with C. albicans nucleic acids, isolated from biofilm, are complexed by the peptide and its shorter derivatives, as confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We indicated that the generation of the complexes induces discernible alterations in the neutrophil response to fungal nucleic acids compared to the effects of unconjugated molecules. Our analyses involving fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blotting revealed that stimulation of neutrophils with DNA:LL-37 or RNA:LL-37 complexes hamper the activation of pro-apoptotic caspases 3 and 7 and fosters increased activation of anti-apoptotic pathways mediated by the Mcl-1 protein. Furthermore, the formation of complexes elicits a dual effect on neutrophil immune response. Firstly, they facilitate increased nucleic acid uptake, as evidenced by microscopic observations, and enhance the pro-inflammatory response, promoting IL-8 production. Secondly, the complexes detection suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species and attenuates NETosis activation. In conclusion, these findings may imply that the neutrophil immune response shifts toward mobilizing the immune system as a whole, rather than inactivating the pathogen locally. Our findings shed new light on the intricate interplay between the constituents of the C. albicans biofilm and the host's immune response and indicate possible reasons for the elimination of NETosis from the arsenal of the neutrophil response during contact with the fungal biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Juszczak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Tanabe G, Mori T, Araki M, Kataoka H, Into T. Role of LL-37 in Oral Bacterial DNA Accumulation in Dental Plaque. J Dent Res 2024; 103:177-186. [PMID: 38093556 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231210767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental plaque, a highly structured polymicrobial biofilm, persistently forms in the oral cavity and is a common problem affecting oral health. The role of oral defense factors in either collaborating or disrupting host-microbiome interactions remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aims to explore the role of LL-37, a critical antimicrobial peptide in the oral cavity, in dental plaque formation. Through immunostaining dental plaque specimens, we observed that LL-37 and DNA colocalized in the samples, appearing as condensed clusters. In vitro experiments revealed that LL-37 binds rapidly to oral bacterial DNA, forming high molecular weight, DNase-resistant complexes. This interaction results in LL-37 losing its inherent antibacterial activity. Further, upon the addition of LL-37, we observed a visible increase in the precipitation of bacterial DNA. We also discovered a significant correlation between the levels of the DNA-LL-37 complex and LL-37 within dental plaque specimens, demonstrating the ubiquity of the complex within the biofilm. By using immunostaining on dental plaque specimens, we could determine that the DNA-LL-37 complex was present as condensed clusters and small bacterial cell-like structures. This suggests that LL-37 immediately associates with the released bacterial DNA to form complexes that subsequently diffuse. We also demonstrated that the complexes exhibited similar Toll-like receptor 9-stimulating activities across different bacterial species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus salivarius. However, these complexes prompted dissimilar activities, such as the production of IL-1β in monocytic cells via both NLRP3 pathway-dependent and pathway-independent mechanisms. This study, therefore, reveals the adverse role of LL-37 in dental plaque, where it binds bacterial DNA to form complexes that may precipitate to behave like an extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the unveiled stimulating properties and species-dependent activities of the oral bacterial DNA-LL-37 complexes enrich our understanding of dental plaque pathogenicity and periodontal innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tanabe
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Sports Dentistry, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - M Araki
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
- Asahi University School of Dental Hygienists, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - H Kataoka
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - T Into
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
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Whittall-Garcia LP, Naderinabi F, Gladman DD, Urowitz M, Touma Z, Konvalinka A, Wither J. Circulating neutrophil extracellular trap remnants as a biomarker to predict outcomes in lupus nephritis. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001038. [PMID: 38177067 PMCID: PMC10773436 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the serum levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) remnants (Elastase-DNA and HMGB1-DNA complexes) at the time of a lupus nephritis (LN) flare predict renal outcomes in the following 24 months. METHODS This was a retrospective study performed in prospectively followed cohorts. The study included two cohorts: an exploratory cohort to assess the association between NET remnant levels and the presence of active LN, and a separate LN cohort to determine the utility of NET remnants to predict renal outcomes over the subsequent 24 months. RESULTS Ninety-two individuals were included in the exploratory cohort (49 active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 23 inactive SLE and 20 healthy controls (HC)). NET remnants were significantly higher in patients with SLE patients compared with HC (p<0.0001 for both complexes) and those with active LN (36%) had significantly higher levels of NET remnants compared with active SLE without LN (Elastase-DNA: p=0.03; HMGB1-DNA: p=0.02). The LN cohort included 109 active LN patients. Patients with proliferative LN had significantly higher levels of NET remnants than non-proliferative LN (Elastase-DNA: p<0.0001; HMGB1-DNA: p=0.0003). Patients with higher baseline levels of NET remnants had higher odds of not achieving complete remission (Elastase-DNA: OR 2.34, p=0.007; HMGB1-DNA: OR 2.61, p=0.009) and of progressing to severe renal impairment (Elastase-DNA: OR 2.84, p=0.006; HMGB1-DNA: OR 2.04, p=0.02) at 24 months after the flare. CONCLUSIONS Elastase-DNA and HMGB1-DNA complexes predict renal outcomes, suggesting they could be used to identify patients requiring more aggressive therapy at flare onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patricia Whittall-Garcia
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farnoosh Naderinabi
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Urowitz
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahi Touma
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Wither
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Muller S. The abscopal effect: Implications for drug discovery in autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103315. [PMID: 36924921 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of novel targeted therapies and the tools that increase the stability and delivery of drugs have greatly improved treatment outcomes in autoimmune diseases (ADs). Recently-developed strategies deplete specific deleterious T- and B-cell subsets, interrupt receptor-ligand interactions, and/or inhibit the secretion or activity of inflammatory mediators linked to tissue damage. Although generally efficient, these lines of intervention have limitations, with documented cases of drug-resistance and undesired side effects. They are also difficult to apply to non-organ-specific ADs, where the trigger and effector antigens are unknown and in which autoimmune activity is widely spread throughout the body. The potential of cellular modulators that act at a distance from the affected site, by abscopal effect, as described in the case of cancer radio- and immuno-therapy might be especially efficient in the context of ADs. Future research to discover small molecule- and peptide-based treatments will need to explore potential drugs with abscopal effects that could elicit potent immune tolerance and clinical quiescence to restore quality of life of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylviane Muller
- CNRS and Strasbourg University Unit Biotechnology and Cell signalling/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.
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9
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Azzouz D, Palaniyar N. ROS and DNA repair in spontaneous versus agonist-induced NETosis: Context matters. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033815. [PMID: 36426351 PMCID: PMC9679651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis). Nevertheless, how ROS induces NETosis at baseline and during neutrophil activation is unknown. Although neutrophils carry DNA transcription, replication and repair machineries, their relevance in the short-lived mature neutrophils that carry pre-synthesized proteins has remained a mystery for decades. Our recent studies show that (i) NETosis-inducing agonists promote NETosis-specific kinase activation, genome-wide transcription that helps to decondense chromatin, and (ii) excess ROS produced by NADPH oxidase activating agonists generate genome-wide 8-oxy-guanine (8-OG), and the initial steps of DNA repair are needed to decondense chromatin in these cells. These steps require DNA repair proteins necessary for the assembly and nicking at the damaged DNA sites (poly ADP ribose polymerase PARP, apurinic endonuclease APE1 and DNA ligase), but not the enzymes that mediate the repair DNA synthesis (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and DNA Polymerases). In this study, we show that (i) similar to agonist-induced NETosis, inhibition of early steps of oxidative DNA damage repair proteins suppresses spontaneous NETosis, but (ii) the inhibition of late stage repair proteins DNA polymerases and PCNA drastically promotes baseline NETosis. Hence, in the absence of excessive ROS generation and neutrophil activation, DNA repair mediated by PCNA and DNA polymerases is essential to prevent chromatin decondensation and spontaneous NETosis. These findings indicate that ROS, oxidative DNA damage, transcription and DNA repair differentially regulate spontaneous and agonist-induced NETosis. Therefore, context matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhia Azzouz
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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