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Break MKB, Syed RU, Hussein W, Alqarni S, Magam SM, Nawaz M, Shaikh S, Otaibi AA, Masood N, Younes KM. Noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in autophagy-related diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155225. [PMID: 38442448 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a multifaceted complication of diabetes mellitus, remains a major challenge in clinical management due to its intricate pathophysiology. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of autophagy dysregulation in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, providing a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), a diverse class of regulatory molecules, have recently emerged as promising candidates for targeted therapeutic strategies. The exploration of various classes of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) reveal their intricate regulatory networks in modulating autophagy and influencing the pathophysiological processes associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. The nuanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ncRNA-mediated autophagic regulation offers a rationale for the development of precise and effective therapeutic interventions. Harnessing the regulatory potential of ncRNAs presents a promising frontier for the development of targeted and personalized therapeutic strategies, aiming to ameliorate the burden of diabetic cardiomyopathy in affected individuals. As research in this field advances, the identification and validation of specific ncRNA targets hold immense potential for the translation of these findings into clinically viable interventions, ultimately improving outcomes for patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review encapsulates the current understanding of the intricate interplay between autophagy and diabetic cardiomyopathy, with a focus on the potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Weiam Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden 6075, Yemen
| | - Saad Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami M Magam
- Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year, University of Hail, Hail City 1560, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah City, Yemen
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Shaikh
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Otaibi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Masood
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kareem M Younes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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2
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Jalink EA, Schonk AW, Boon RA, Juni RP. Non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1300375. [PMID: 38259314 PMCID: PMC10800550 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the largest unmet clinical need in cardiovascular medicine. Despite decades of research, the treatment option for HFpEF is still limited, indicating our ongoing incomplete understanding on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Non-coding RNAs, comprising of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are non-protein coding RNA transcripts, which are implicated in various cardiovascular diseases. However, their role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF is unknown. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs that are involved in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, namely microvascular dysfunction, inflammation, diastolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis. We interrogated clinical evidence and dissected the molecular mechanisms of the ncRNAs by looking at the relevant in vivo and in vitro models that mimic the co-morbidities in patients with HFpEF. Finally, we discuss the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and potential novel therapeutic targets for future HFpEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A. Jalink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amber W. Schonk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rio P. Juni
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Siniscalchi C, Di Palo A, Petito G, Senese R, Manfrevola F, Leo ID, Mosca N, Chioccarelli T, Porreca V, Marchese G, Ravo M, Chianese R, Cobellis G, Lanni A, Russo A, Potenza N. A landscape of mouse mitochondrial small non-coding RNAs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293644. [PMID: 38165955 PMCID: PMC10760717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly miRNAs, play key roles in a plethora of biological processes both in health and disease. Although largely operative in the cytoplasm, emerging data indicate their shuttling in different subcellular compartments. Given the central role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis, here we systematically profiled their small ncRNAs content across mouse tissues that largely rely on mitochondria functioning. The ubiquitous presence of piRNAs in mitochondria (mitopiRNA) of somatic tissues is reported for the first time, supporting the idea of a strong and general connection between mitochondria biology and piRNA pathways. Then, we found groups of tissue-shared and tissue-specific mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs), potentially related to the "basic" or "cell context dependent" biology of mitochondria. Overall, this large data platform will be useful to deepen the knowledge about small ncRNAs processing and their governed regulatory networks contributing to mitochondria functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Siniscalchi
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Armando Di Palo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Manfrevola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia De Leo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- Genomix4Life S.r.l., Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Nicola Mosca
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Teresa Chioccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Porreca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4Life S.r.l., Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health, CRGS, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Genomix4Life S.r.l., Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health, CRGS, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Rosanna Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Aniello Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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4
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Feng X, Deng M, Zhang L, Pan Q. Impact of gut microbiota and associated mechanisms on postprandial glucose levels in patients with diabetes. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:363-371. [PMID: 38130636 PMCID: PMC10732577 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are serious medical and global burdens, often manifesting as postprandial hyperglycemia. In recent years, considerable research attention has focused on relationships between the gut microbiota and circulating postprandial glucose (PPG). Different population studies have suggested that PPG is closely related to the gut microbiota which may impact PPG via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Studies now show that gut microbiota models can predict PPG, with individualized nutrition intervention strategies used to regulate gut microbiota and improve glucose metabolism to facilitate the precision treatment of diabetes. However, few studies have been conducted in patients with diabetes. Therefore, little is known about the relationships between the gut microbiota and PPG in this cohort. Thus, more research is required to identify key gut microbiota and associated metabolites and pathways impacting PPG to provide potential therapeutic targets for PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
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5
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Mao Y, Zhao K, Chen N, Fu Q, Zhou Y, Kong C, Li P, Yang C. A 2-decade bibliometric analysis of epigenetics of cardiovascular disease: from past to present. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:184. [PMID: 38007493 PMCID: PMC10676610 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major health killer worldwide, and the role of epigenetic regulation in CVD has been widely studied in recent decades. Herein, we perform a bibliometric study to decipher how research topics in this field have evolved during the past 2 decades. RESULTS Publications on epigenetics in CVD produced during the period 2000-2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We utilized Bibliometrix to build a science map of the publications and applied VOSviewer and CiteSpace to assess co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling. In total, 27,762 publications were included for bibliometric analysis. The yearly amount of publications experienced exponential growth. The top 3 most influential countries were China, the United States, and Germany, while the most cited institutions were Nanjing Medical University, Harbin Medical University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Four major research trends were identified: (a) epigenetic mechanisms of CVD; (b) epigenetics-based therapies for CVD; (c) epigenetic profiles of specific CVDs; and (d) epigenetic biomarkers for CVD diagnosis/prediction. The latest and most important research topics, including "nlrp3 inflammasome", "myocardial injury", and "reperfusion injury", were determined by detecting citation bursts of co-occurring keywords. The most cited reference was a review of the current knowledge about how miRNAs recognize target genes and modulate their expression and function. CONCLUSIONS The number and impact of global publications on epigenetics in CVD have expanded rapidly over time. Our findings may provide insights into the epigenetic basis of CVD pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Department of General Practice, Clinical Research Center for General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Chuiyu Kong
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Kaludercic N, Arusei RJ, Di Lisa F. Recent advances on the role of monoamine oxidases in cardiac pathophysiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:41. [PMID: 37792081 PMCID: PMC10550854 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous physiological and pathological roles have been attributed to the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the individual contribution of different mitochondrial processes independently of bioenergetics remains elusive and clinical treatments unavailable. A notable exception to this complexity is found in the case of monoamine oxidases (MAOs). Unlike other ROS-producing enzymes, especially within mitochondria, MAOs possess a distinct combination of defined molecular structure, substrate specificity, and clinically accessible inhibitors. Another significant aspect of MAO activity is the simultaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide alongside highly reactive aldehydes and ammonia. These three products synergistically impair mitochondrial function at various levels, ultimately jeopardizing cellular metabolic integrity and viability. This pathological condition arises from exacerbated MAO activity, observed in many cardiovascular diseases, thus justifying the exploration of MAO inhibitors as effective cardioprotective strategy. In this context, we not only summarize the deleterious roles of MAOs in cardiac pathologies and the positive effects resulting from genetic or pharmacological MAO inhibition, but also discuss recent findings that expand our understanding on the role of MAO in gene expression and cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ruth Jepchirchir Arusei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy.
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Di Sante M, Antonucci S, Pontarollo L, Cappellaro I, Segat F, Deshwal S, Greotti E, Grilo LF, Menabò R, Di Lisa F, Kaludercic N. Monoamine oxidase A-dependent ROS formation modulates human cardiomyocyte differentiation through AKT and WNT activation. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:4. [PMID: 36670288 PMCID: PMC9859871 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, cardiomyocytes undergo differentiation and maturation, processes that are tightly regulated by tissue-specific signaling cascades. Although redox signaling pathways involved in cardiomyogenesis are established, the exact sources responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation remain elusive. The present study investigates whether ROS produced by the mitochondrial flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) play a role in cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Wild type (WT) and MAO-A knock out (KO) hiPSCs were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and subjected to cardiomyocyte differentiation. Mitochondrial ROS levels were lower in MAO-A KO compared to the WT cells throughout the differentiation process. MAO-A KO hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) displayed sarcomere disarray, reduced α- to β-myosin heavy chain ratio, GATA4 upregulation and lower macroautophagy levels. Functionally, genetic ablation of MAO-A negatively affected intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in hiPSC-CMs. Mechanistically, MAO-A generated ROS contributed to the activation of AKT signaling that was considerably attenuated in KO cells. In addition, MAO-A ablation caused a reduction in WNT pathway gene expression consistent with its reported stimulation by ROS. As a result of WNT downregulation, expression of MESP1 and NKX2.5 was significantly decreased in MAO-A KO cells. Finally, MAO-A re-expression during differentiation rescued expression levels of cardiac transcription factors, contractile structure, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Taken together, these results suggest that MAO-A mediated ROS generation is necessary for the activation of AKT and WNT signaling pathways during cardiac lineage commitment and for the differentiation of fully functional human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Di Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Pontarollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cappellaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Segat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Soni Deshwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Luis F Grilo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roberta Menabò
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127, Padua, Italy.
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Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Is Expressed at the Level of Mitral Valve with Severe Regurgitation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121844. [PMID: 36557046 PMCID: PMC9782643 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is one of the most common hereditary heart diseases. The severely hypertrophied interventricular septum combined with the systolic anterior movement (SAM) of the mitral valve (MV) frequently cause a significant pressure gradient in the left ventricular outflow tract associated with varying degrees of mitral regurgitation (MR). We present the case of a 64-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with HOCM two years ago and was admitted to the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease with exertion dyspnea and fatigue. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed concentric, asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy, an elongated anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and a significant SAM causing severe regurgitation, with indication for valvular replacement Monoamine oxidase (MAO), a mitochondrial enzyme, with 2 isoforms, MAO-A and B, has emerged as an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiovascular system, but literature data on its expression in valvular tissue is scarce. Therefore, we assessed MAO-A and B gene (qPCR) and protein (immune fluorescence) expression as well as ROS production (spectrophotometry and confocal microscopy) and in the explanted MV harvested during replacement surgery. MAO expression and ROS production (assessed by both methods) were further augmented following ex vivo incubation with angiotensin II, an effect that was reversed in the presence of either MAO-A (clorgyline) or B (selegiline) inhibitor, respectively. In conclusion, MAO isoforms are expressed at the level of severely impaired mitral valve in the setting of HOCM and can be induced in conditions that mimic the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The observation that the enzyme can be modulated by MAO inhibitors warrants further investigation in a patient cohort.
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