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Hudson JA, Ferrand RA, Gitau SN, Mureithi MW, Maffia P, Alam SR, Shah ASV. HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Disease Pathogenesis: An Emerging Understanding Through Imaging and Immunology. Circ Res 2024; 134:1546-1565. [PMID: 38781300 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac abnormalities were identified early in the epidemic of AIDS, predating the isolation and characterization of the etiologic agent, HIV. Several decades later, the causation and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) linked to HIV infection continue to be the focus of intense speculation. Before the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated CVD was primarily characterized by HIV-associated cardiomyopathy linked to profound immunodeficiency. With increasing antiretroviral therapy use, viral load suppression, and establishment of immune competency, the effects of HIV on the cardiovascular system are more subtle. Yet, people living with HIV still face an increased incidence of cardiovascular pathology. Advances in cardiac imaging modalities and immunology have deepened our understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-associated CVD. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of HIV-associated CVD integrating data from imaging and immunologic studies with particular relevance to the HIV population originating from high-endemic regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa. The review highlights key evidence gaps in the field and suggests future directions for research to better understand the complex HIV-CVD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Hudson
- Kings College London BHF Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, United Kingdom (J.A.H.)
| | - Rashida A Ferrand
- Department of Clinical Research (R.A.F.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe (R.A.F.)
| | - Samuel N Gitau
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Nairobi, Kenya (S.N.G.)
| | - Marianne Wanjiru Mureithi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.W.M.), University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Italy (P.M.)
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence in Non-Communicable Diseases and Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance and The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M.)
| | - Shirjel R Alam
- Department of Cardiology, North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom (S.R.A.)
| | - Anoop S V Shah
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology (A.S.V.S.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (A.S.V.S.)
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Johansson E, Nazziwa J, Freyhult E, Hong MG, Lindman J, Neptin M, Karlson S, Rezeli M, Biague AJ, Medstrand P, Månsson F, Norrgren H, Esbjörnsson J, Jansson M. HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling. iScience 2024; 27:109344. [PMID: 38500818 PMCID: PMC10945182 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to determine plasma signatures of tissue and cell type engagement. Proteins derived from target and bystander cells in multiple tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain, were detected at elevated levels in plasma of PLWH2, compared with HIV negative controls. Moreover, viremic HIV-2 infection appeared to induce enhanced release of proteins from a broader range of tissues compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. This study expands the knowledge on the link between plasma proteome remodeling and the pathological cell engagement in tissues during HIV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Johansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jamirah Nazziwa
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lindman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Neptin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Karlson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Medstrand
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Månsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Norrgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Esbjörnsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - for the SWEGUB CORE group
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wiche Salinas TR, Zhang Y, Gosselin A, Rosario NF, El-Far M, Filali-Mouhim A, Routy JP, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Landay AL, Durand M, Tremblay CL, Ancuta P. Alterations in Th17 Cells and Non-Classical Monocytes as a Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis during ART-Treated HIV-1 Infection. Cells 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38247848 PMCID: PMC10813976 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important comorbidity in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our previous studies performed in the Canadian HIV/Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) (>40 years-old; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) > 5%) revealed a 2-3-fold increase in non-calcified coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) plaque burden, measured by computed tomography angiography scan (CTAScan) as the total (TPV) and low attenuated plaque volume (LAPV), in ART-treated PLWH (HIV+) versus uninfected controls (HIV-). In an effort to identify novel correlates of subclinical CAA, markers of intestinal damage (sCD14, LBP, FABP2); cell trafficking/inflammation (CCL20, CX3CL1, MIF, CCL25); subsets of Th17-polarized and regulatory (Tregs) CD4+ T-cells, classical/intermediate/non-classical monocytes, and myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells were studied in relationship with HIV and TPV/LAPV status. The TPV detection/values coincided with higher plasma sCD14, FABP2, CCL20, MIF, CX3CL1, and triglyceride levels; lower Th17/Treg ratios; and classical monocyte expansion. Among HIV+, TPV+ versus TPV- exhibited lower Th17 frequencies, reduced Th17/Treg ratios, higher frequencies of non-classical CCR9lowHLADRhigh monocytes, and increased plasma fibrinogen levels. Finally, Th17/Treg ratios and non-classical CCR9lowHLADRhigh monocyte frequencies remained associated with TPV/LAPV after adjusting for FRS and HIV/ART duration in a logistic regression model. These findings point to Th17 paucity and non-classical monocyte abundance as novel immunological correlates of subclinical CAA that may fuel the CVD risk in ART-treated PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Annie Gosselin
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Natalia Fonseca Rosario
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
- Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Madeleine Durand
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Cécile L. Tremblay
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
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Wiche Salinas TR, Zhang Y, Gosselin A, Do Rosario NF, El-Far M, Filali-Mouhim A, Routy JP, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Landay AL, Durand M, Tremblay CL, Ancuta P. A Blood Immunological Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in People Living with HIV-1 Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571922. [PMID: 38187644 PMCID: PMC10769180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important co-morbidity in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our previous studies performed on the Canadian HIV/Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) (>40 years-old; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) >5%), revealed a 2-3-fold increase in non-calcified coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) plaque burden, measured by Computed tomography angiography scan (CTAScan) as total (TPV) and low attenuated plaque volume (LAPV) in ART-treated PLWH (HIV+) versus uninfected controls (HIV-). In an effort to identify novel correlates of subclinical CAA, markers of intestinal damage (sCD14, LBP, FABP2); cell trafficking/inflammation (CCL20, CX3CL1, MIF, CCL25); subsets of Th17-polarized and regulatory (Tregs) CD4 + T-cells, classical/intermediate/non-classical monocytes, and myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells, were studied in relationship with HIV and TPV/LAPV status. The TPV detection/values coincided with higher plasma sCD14, FABP2, CCL20, MIF, CX3CL1 and triglyceride levels, lower Th17/Treg ratios, and classical monocyte expansion. Among HIV + , TPV + versus TPV - exhibited lower Th17 frequencies, reduced Th17/Treg ratios, higher frequencies of non-classical CCR9 low HLADR high monocyte, and increased plasma fibrinogen levels. Finally, Th17/Treg ratios and non-classical CCR9 low HLADR high monocyte frequencies remained associated with TPV/LAPV after adjusting for FRS and HIV/ART duration in a logistic regression model. These findings point to Th17 paucity and non-classical monocyte abundance as novel immunological correlates of subclinical CAA that may fuel the CVD risk in ART-treated PLWH.
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Gong K, Lai Y. Development trends of immune activation during HIV infection in recent three decades: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:283. [PMID: 37432538 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and pinpoint the status, hot areas, and frontiers of immune activation during HIV infection utilizing CiteSpace. From 1990 to 2022, we searched for studies on immune activation during HIV infection in the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace was used to visually analyze the publications to identify the research status and pertinent research hotspots and frontiers in terms of the countries, institutions, authors, references, journals, and keywords. The Web of Science Core Collection yielded 5321 articles on immune activation during HIV infection. With 2854 and 364 articles, the United States and the University of California, San Francisco were the leading nation and institution in this domain. Steven G. Deeks has published 95 papers and is the most published author. The top cited articles on microbial translocation as a significant factor during HIV infection were published by Brenchley et al. Research on molecular/biology/genetics is often referenced in publications in the journals of molecular/biology/immunology. Inflammation, risk, mortality, cardiovascular disease, persistence, and biomarkers will be high-frequency words that are hot topics of research. According to the results, there was a strong collaboration between countries and organizations but little collaboration among authors. Molecular biology, immunology, and medicine are the main study subjects. The current hot topics in research are inflammation, risk, mortality, cardiovascular disease, persistence, and biomarkers. Future studies should concentrate on reducing the pathological changes caused by inflammation and altering the mechanisms of immune activation to reduce the size of the viral reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Lai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Snopková S, Husa P. Implications of highly suppressive treatment HIV infection. VNITRNI LEKARSTVI 2023; 69:289-292. [PMID: 37827826 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of HIV infection has modified the initially fatal infection into a typically chronic disease requiring lifelong treatment. However, there is no complete normalization of immune activation, signs of inflammation and prothrombotic state in treated patients. This condition is the result of many factors, but the main cause is thought to be the residual production of HIV-1 RNA and viral proteins by infected cells in cellular reservoirs. Persistence of immune activation/inflammation/prothrombotic state leads to the pathophysiology of "sterile inflammation" and so-called non-AIDS diseases, which manifest one to two decades earlier in those infected. Despite all the pitfalls and unwanted secondary manifestations of antiretroviral drugs, the treatment of HIV infection has managed to reverse the trajectory of a fatal pandemic and has made it possible to approach therapeutic modalities that were absolutely unimaginable just a few years ago. Solid organ transplantation is now a completely legitimate therapeutic method for patients living with HIV, and highly suppressive treatment even allows transplantation from an HIV-infected donor. The text below presents a brief overview of the basic pitfalls, but also of the successes, of the current highly suppressive treatment of HIV infection.
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