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Sun M, Liang C, Lin H, Chen Z, Wang M, Fang S, Tian T, Yang Y, Tang Q, Zhang E, Tang Q. Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:185. [PMID: 38867215 PMCID: PMC11167813 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a simple and reliable marker of insulin resistance and is closely associated with various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the relationships between AIP and left ventricular (LV) geometric indicators have not been adequately assessed. This study was carried out to investigate the association between AIP and LV geometric abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included a total of 618 OSA patients (57.3 ± 12.4 years, 73.1% males, BMI 28.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2) who underwent echocardiography. Patients with OSA were diagnosed with clinical symptoms and an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5.0. LV hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as left ventricular mass index (LVMIh2.7) ≥ 50.0 g/m2.7 for men and 47.0 g/m2.7 for women. AIP was calculated as log10 (TG/HDL-C). RESULTS Compared with the non-LVH group, AIP was significantly higher in the LVH group (0.19 ± 0.29 vs 0.24 ± 0.28, P = 0.024) and the concentric LVH group (0.18 ± 0.29, 0.19 ± 0.30, 0.20 ± 0.26 and 0.29 ± 0.29 in the control, concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy and concentric hypertrophy groups, respectively, P = 0.021). Meanwhile, in the group of patients with the highest AIP tertile, the levels of LVMIh2.7 (42.8 ± 10.5, 43.2 ± 9.3 and 46.1 ± 12.1 in the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively, P = 0.003), and the prevalence of LVH (25.2%, 24.0% and 34.6% in the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively, P = 0.032) and concentric LVH (10.7%, 9.8% and 20.2% in the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively, P = 0.053) were higher compared with those in the other groups. Positive correlations between AIP and LV geometric indicators including the LVMIh2.7, LVMIBSA, LV mass (LVM), diastolic left ventricular inner diameter (LVIDd), diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWTd) and diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSTd), were revealed according to correlation analysis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AIP was independently associated with LVMIh2.7 according to multivariate linear regression model (β = 0.125, P = 0.001). Notably, AIP remained independently associated with an elevated risk of LVH [odds ratio (OR) = 1.317 per 1 standard deviation (SD) increment, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.058 - 1.639, P = 0.014) and concentric LVH (OR = 1.545 per 1 SD increment, 95% CI: 1.173 - 2.035, P = 0.002) after fully adjusting for all confounding risk factors by multivariate logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS AIP was independently associated with an increased risk of LVH and concentric LVH in OSA patients. Therefore, AIP, as a practical and cost-effective test, might be useful in monitoring hypertrophic remodeling of the heart and improving CVDs risk stratification in clinical management of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qunzhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Erming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Wu H, Zhai Y, Yu J, Wei L, Qi X. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal that upregulation of GSTM2 by allisartan improves cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in hypertensive rats. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:220. [PMID: 38590561 PMCID: PMC11000455 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term hypertension can lead to hypertensive heart disease, which ultimately progresses to heart failure. As an angiotensin receptor blocker antihypertensive drug, allisartan can control blood pressure, and improve cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction caused by hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of allisartan on the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the underlying mechanisms. SHRs were used as an animal model of hypertensive heart disease and were treated with allisartan orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day. The blood pressure levels of the rats were continuously monitored, their body and heart weights were measured, and their cardiac structure and function were evaluated using echocardiography. Wheat germ agglutinin staining and Masson trichrome staining were employed to assess the morphology of the myocardial tissue. In addition, transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed using the Solexa/Illumina sequencing platform and tandem mass tag technology, respectively. Immunofluorescence co-localization was conducted to analyze Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and TUNEL was performed to detect the levels of cell apoptosis. The protein expression levels of pro-collagen I, collagen III, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, AKT, p-PI3K and PI3K, and the mRNA expression levels of Col1a1 and Col3a1 were determined by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. Allisartan lowered blood pressure, attenuated cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function in SHRs. In addition, allisartan alleviated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Allisartan also significantly affected the 'pentose phosphate pathway', 'fatty acid elongation', 'valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation', 'glutathione metabolism', and 'amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism' pathways in the hearts of SHRs, and upregulated the expression levels of GSTM2. Furthermore, allisartan activated the PI3K-AKT-Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that allisartan can effectively control blood pressure in SHRs, and improves cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Allisartan may also upregulate the expression levels of GSTM2 in the hearts of SHRs and significantly affect glutathione metabolism, as determined by transcriptome and proteome analyses. The cardioprotective effect of allisartan may be mediated through activation of the PI3K-AKT-Nrf2 signaling pathway, upregulation of GSTM2 expression and reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Zhai
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
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Glatz JFC, Heather LC, Luiken JJFP. CD36 as a gatekeeper of myocardial lipid metabolism and therapeutic target for metabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:727-764. [PMID: 37882731 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional membrane glycoprotein CD36 is expressed in different types of cells and plays a key regulatory role in cellular lipid metabolism, especially in cardiac muscle. CD36 facilitates the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids, mediates lipid signaling, and regulates storage and oxidation of lipids in various tissues with active lipid metabolism. CD36 deficiency leads to marked impairments in peripheral lipid metabolism, which consequently impact on the cellular utilization of multiple different fuels because of the integrated nature of metabolism. The functional presence of CD36 at the plasma membrane is regulated by its reversible subcellular recycling from and to endosomes and is under the control of mechanical, hormonal, and nutritional factors. Aberrations in this dynamic role of CD36 are causally associated with various metabolic diseases, in particular insulin resistance, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac hypertrophy. Recent research in cardiac muscle has disclosed the endosomal proton pump vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) as a key enzyme regulating subcellular CD36 recycling and being the site of interaction between various substrates to determine cellular substrate preference. In addition, evidence is accumulating that interventions targeting CD36 directly or modulating its subcellular recycling are effective for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In conclusion, subcellular CD36 localization is the major adaptive regulator of cellular uptake and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and appears a suitable target for metabolic modulation therapy to mend failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Jeremic J, Govoruskina N, Bradic J, Milosavljevic I, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Jeremic N, Nikolic Turnic T, Tanaskovic I, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V, Bolevich S, Zivanovic MN, Okwose N, Seklic D, Milivojevic N, Grujic J, Velicki L, MacGowan G, Jakovljevic DG, Filipovic N. Sacubitril/valsartan reverses cardiac structure and function in experimental model of hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2645-2656. [PMID: 36997815 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of sacubtril/valsartan on cardiac remodeling, molecular and cellular adaptations in experimental (rat) model of hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Thirty Wistar Kyoto rats, 10 healthy (control) and 20 rats with confirmed hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HpCM), were used for this study. The HpCM group was further subdivided into untreated and sacubitril/valsartan-treated groups. Myocardial structure and function were assessed using echocardiography, Langendorff's isolated heart experiment, blood sampling and qualitative polymerase chain reaction. Echocardiographic examinations revealed protective effects of sacubitril/valsartan by improving left ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole and fractional shortening. Additionally, sacubitril/valsartan treatment decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures in comparison with untreated hypertensive rats. Moreover, sacubitril/valsartan treatment reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis (reduced expression of Bax and Cas9 genes) compared to untreated rats. There was a regular histomorphology of cardiomyocytes, interstitium, and blood vessels in treated rats compared to untreated HpCM rats which expressed hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, with polymorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli and moderately dilated interstitium. In experimental model of hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sacubitril/valsartan treatment led to improved cardiac structure, haemodynamic performance, and reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Sacubitril/valsartan thus presents as a potential therapeutic strategy resulted in hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natalia Govoruskina
- Federal Clinical Center for High Medical, Technologies Federal Health Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irena Tanaskovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marko N Zivanovic
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- BioIRC - Bioengineering Research and Development Center, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nduka Okwose
- Translational and Clinical Research Instutute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dragana Seklic
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Milivojevic
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Grujic
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lazar Velicki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Guy MacGowan
- Translational and Clinical Research Instutute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Djordje G Jakovljevic
- Translational and Clinical Research Instutute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Faculty Research Centre (CSELS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing (CSELS), Coventry University, London, UK
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- BioIRC - Bioengineering Research and Development Center, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Balatskyi VV, Dobrzyn P. Role of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Cardiovascular Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065531. [PMID: 36982607 PMCID: PMC10059744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids limit the toxicity of exogenous saturated fats. Studies have shown that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 is involved in the remodeling of cardiac metabolism. The loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 reduces fatty acid oxidation and increases glucose oxidation in the heart. Such a change is protective under conditions of a high-fat diet, which reduces reactive oxygen species-generating β-oxidation. In contrast, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency predisposes individuals to atherosclerosis under conditions of hyperlipidemia but protects against apnea-induced atherosclerosis. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency also impairs angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Clinical data show a positive correlation between blood stearoyl-CoA Δ-9 desaturation rates and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Moreover, stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibition is considered an attractive intervention in some obesity-associated pathologies, and the importance of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the cardiovascular system might be a limitation for developing such therapy. This review discusses the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis and the development of heart disease and presents markers of systemic stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and their predictive potential in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders.
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Metabolomic Profiling in Patients with Different Hemodynamic Subtypes of Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010095. [PMID: 36671480 PMCID: PMC9855798 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is a common pathological condition in an ageing population imposing significant morbidity and mortality. Based on distinct hemodynamic features, i.e., ejection fraction (EF), transvalvular gradient and stroke volume, four different AS subtypes can be distinguished: (i) normal EF and high gradient, (ii) reduced EF and high gradient, (iii) reduced EF and low gradient, and (iv) normal EF and low gradient. These subtypes differ with respect to pathophysiological mechanisms, cardiac remodeling, and prognosis. However, little is known about metabolic changes in these different hemodynamic conditions of AS. Thus, we carried out metabolomic analyses in serum samples of 40 AS patients (n = 10 per subtype) and 10 healthy blood donors (controls) using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. A total of 1293 biochemicals could be identified. Principal component analysis revealed different metabolic profiles in all of the subgroups of AS (All-AS) vs. controls. Out of the determined biochemicals, 48% (n = 620) were altered in All-AS vs. controls (p < 0.05). In this regard, levels of various acylcarnitines (e.g., myristoylcarnitine, fold-change 1.85, p < 0.05), ketone bodies (e.g., 3-hydroxybutyrate, fold-change 11.14, p < 0.05) as well as sugar metabolites (e.g., glucose, fold-change 1.22, p < 0.05) were predominantly increased, whereas amino acids (e.g., leucine, fold-change 0.8, p < 0.05) were mainly reduced in All-AS. Interestingly, these changes appeared to be consistent amongst all AS subtypes. Distinct differences between AS subtypes were found for metabolites belonging to hemoglobin metabolism, diacylglycerols, and dihydrosphingomyelins. These findings indicate that relevant changes in substrate utilization appear to be consistent for different hemodynamic subtypes of AS and may therefore reflect common mechanisms during AS-induced heart failure. Additionally, distinct metabolites could be identified to significantly differ between certain AS subtypes. Future studies need to define their pathophysiological implications.
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