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Vallés‐Martí A, de Goeij‐de Haas RR, Henneman AA, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Knol JC, Verheij J, Dijk F, Halfwerk H, Giovannetti E, Jiménez CR, Bijlsma MF. Kinase activities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with prognostic and therapeutic avenues. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:2020-2041. [PMID: 38650175 PMCID: PMC11306541 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a limited number of known driver mutations but considerable cancer cell heterogeneity. Phosphoproteomics provides a direct read-out of aberrant signaling and the resultant clinically relevant phenotype. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics were applied to 42 PDAC tumors. Data encompassed over 19 936 phosphoserine or phosphothreonine (pS/T; in 5412 phosphoproteins) and 1208 phosphotyrosine (pY; in 501 phosphoproteins) sites and a total of 3756 proteins. Proteome data identified three distinct subtypes with tumor intrinsic and stromal features. Subsequently, three phospho-subtypes were apparent: two tumor intrinsic (Phos1/2) and one stromal (Phos3), resembling known PDAC molecular subtypes. Kinase activity was analyzed by the Integrative iNferred Kinase Activity (INKA) scoring. Phospho-subtypes displayed differential phosphorylation signals and kinase activity, such as FGR and GSK3 activation in Phos1, SRC kinase family and EPHA2 in Phos2, and EGFR, INSR, MET, ABL1, HIPK1, JAK, and PRKCD in Phos3. Kinase activity analysis of an external PDAC cohort supported our findings and underscored the importance of PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways, among others. Interestingly, unfavorable patient prognosis correlated with higher RTK, PAK2, STK10, and CDK7 activity and high proliferation, whereas long survival was associated with MYLK and PTK6 activity, which was previously unknown. Subtype-associated activity profiles can guide therapeutic combination approaches in tumor and stroma-enriched tissues, and emphasize the critical role of parallel signaling pathways. In addition, kinase activity profiling identifies potential disease markers with prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vallés‐Martí
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer BiologyCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Pharmacology LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Richard R. de Goeij‐de Haas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alex A. Henneman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander R. Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thang V. Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jaco C. Knol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Halfwerk
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Pharmacology LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start‐Up UnitFondazione Pisana per la ScienzaSan Giuliano TermeItaly
| | - Connie R. Jiménez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics LaboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Cancer BiologyCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Savsani K, Dakshanamurthy S. Novel Methodology for the Design of Personalized Cancer Vaccine Targeting Neoantigens: Application to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Diseases 2024; 12:149. [PMID: 39057120 PMCID: PMC11276509 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12070149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising avenue for cancer treatment or prevention strategies. This approach targets the specific genetic alterations in individual patient's tumors, offering a more personalized and effective treatment option. Previous studies have shown that generalized peptide vaccines targeting a limited scope of gene mutations were ineffective, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches. While studies have explored personalized mRNA vaccines, personalized peptide vaccines have not yet been studied in this context. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains challenging in oncology, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed a personalized peptide vaccine design methodology, employing RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to identify prevalent gene mutations underlying PDAC development in a patient solid tumor tissue. We performed RNAseq analysis for trimming adapters, read alignment, and somatic variant calling. We also developed a Python program called SCGeneID, which validates the alignment of the RNAseq analysis. The Python program is freely available to download. Using chromosome number and locus data, SCGeneID identifies the target gene along the UCSC hg38 reference set. Based on the gene mutation data, we developed a personalized PDAC cancer vaccine that targeted 100 highly prevalent gene mutations in two patients. We predicted peptide-MHC binding affinity, immunogenicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity for each epitope. Then, we selected the top 50 and 100 epitopes based on our previously published vaccine design methodology. Finally, we generated pMHC-TCR 3D molecular model complex structures, which are freely available to download. The designed personalized cancer vaccine contains epitopes commonly found in PDAC solid tumor tissue. Our personalized vaccine was composed of neoantigens, allowing for a more precise and targeted immune response against cancer cells. Additionally, we identified mutated genes, which were also found in the reference study, where we obtained the sequencing data, thus validating our vaccine design methodology. This is the first study designing a personalized peptide cancer vaccine targeting neoantigens using human patient data to identify gene mutations associated with the specific tumor of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Savsani
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Olaoba OT, Adelusi TI, Yang M, Maidens T, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Li G. Driver Mutations in Pancreatic Cancer and Opportunities for Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1808. [PMID: 38791887 PMCID: PMC11119842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. As the most common form of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents up to 95% of all pancreatic cancer cases, accounting for more than 300,000 deaths annually. Due to the lack of early diagnoses and the high refractory response to the currently available treatments, PDAC has a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 10%. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are highly effective and have been used for the treatment of many types of cancer; however, they offer limited benefits in pancreatic cancer patients due to tumor-intrinsic and extrinsic factors that culminate in drug resistance. The identification of key factors responsible for PDAC growth and resistance to different treatments is highly valuable in developing new effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss some molecules which promote PDAC initiation and progression, and their potential as targets for PDAC treatment. We also evaluate the challenges associated with patient outcomes in clinical trials and implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide T. Olaoba
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (O.T.O.); (T.I.A.); (M.Y.); (E.T.K.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Temitope I. Adelusi
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (O.T.O.); (T.I.A.); (M.Y.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (O.T.O.); (T.I.A.); (M.Y.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Tessa Maidens
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Eric T. Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (O.T.O.); (T.I.A.); (M.Y.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Kevin F. Staveley-O’Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (O.T.O.); (T.I.A.); (M.Y.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (O.T.O.); (T.I.A.); (M.Y.); (E.T.K.)
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5
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Ajmal A, Danial M, Zulfat M, Numan M, Zakir S, Hayat C, Alabbosh KF, Zaki MEA, Ali A, Wei D. In Silico Prediction of New Inhibitors for Kirsten Rat Sarcoma G12D Cancer Drug Target Using Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:551. [PMID: 38794122 PMCID: PMC11124053 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-point mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) viral proto-oncogene are the most common cause of human cancer. In humans, oncogenic KRAS mutations are responsible for about 30% of lung, pancreatic, and colon cancers. One of the predominant mutant KRAS G12D variants is responsible for pancreatic cancer and is an attractive drug target. At the time of writing, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs are available for the KRAS G12D mutant. So, there is a need to develop an effective drug for KRAS G12D. The process of finding new drugs is expensive and time-consuming. On the other hand, in silico drug designing methodologies are cost-effective and less time-consuming. Herein, we employed machine learning algorithms such as K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) for the identification of new inhibitors against the KRAS G12D mutant. A total of 82 hits were predicted as active against the KRAS G12D mutant. The active hits were docked into the active site of the KRAS G12D mutant. Furthermore, to evaluate the stability of the compounds with a good docking score, the top two complexes and the standard complex (MRTX-1133) were subjected to 200 ns MD simulation. The top two hits revealed high stability as compared to the standard compound. The binding energy of the top two hits was good as compared to the standard compound. Our identified hits have the potential to inhibit the KRAS G12D mutation and can help combat cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which machine-learning-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out for the identification of new promising inhibitors for the KRAS G12D mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Ajmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Danial
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zulfat
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Numan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Zakir
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Chandni Hayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Ali
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nanyang 473006, China
- Henan Biological Industry Group, 41 Nongye East Rd., Jinshui, Zhengzhou 450008, China
- Peng Cheng National Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Nusrat F, Khanna A, Jain A, Jiang W, Lavu H, Yeo CJ, Bowne W, Nevler A. The Clinical Implications of KRAS Mutations and Variant Allele Frequencies in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2103. [PMID: 38610868 PMCID: PMC11012482 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The KRAS proto-oncogene is a major driver of pancreatic tumorigenesis and is nearly ubiquitously mutated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). KRAS point mutations are detected in over 90% of PDAC cases, and these mutations have been shown to be associated with worse therapy response and overall survival. Pathogenic KRAS mutations are mostly limited to codons 12, 13 and 61, with G12D, G12V, G12R, Q61H, and G13D accounting for approximately 95% of the mutant cases. Emerging data have shown the importance of specific mutant subtypes, as well as KRAS variant allele frequency on clinical prognosis. Furthermore, novel technologies and therapies are being developed to target specific mutant subtypes, with encouraging early results. In this paper, we aim to review the recent studies regarding the relative impact of specific mutant KRAS subtypes on oncologic outcomes, the application of variant allele frequency in next generation sequencing analyses, and the ongoing research into therapies targeting specific mutant KRAS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faria Nusrat
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Akshay Khanna
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Aditi Jain
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Harish Lavu
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Charles J Yeo
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wilbur Bowne
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Avinoam Nevler
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Salu P, Reindl KM. Advancements in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2024; 53:e205-e220. [PMID: 38206758 PMCID: PMC10842038 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest of all cancer types with a 5-year overall survival rate of just 12%. Preclinical models available for understanding the disease pathophysiology have evolved significantly in recent years. Traditionally, commercially available 2-dimensional cell lines were developed to investigate mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, these cells grow as monolayer cultures that lack heterogeneity and do not effectively represent tumor biology. Developing patient-derived xenografts and genetically engineered mouse models led to increased cellular heterogeneity, molecular diversity, and tissues that histologically represent the original patient tumors. However, these models are relatively expensive and very timing consuming. More recently, the advancement of fast and inexpensive in vitro models that better mimic disease conditions in vivo are on the rise. Three-dimensional cultures like organoids and spheroids have gained popularity and are considered to recapitulate complex disease characteristics. In addition, computational genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomic models are being developed to simulate pancreatic cancer progression and predict better treatment strategies. Herein, we review the challenges associated with pancreatic cancer research and available analytical models. We suggest that an integrated approach toward using these models may allow for developing new strategies for pancreatic cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Salu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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8
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Setdikova GR, Stepanova EA, Verbovsky AN, Semenkov AV. [Synchronous primary multiple cancer: distal cholangiocarcinoma of the intrapancreatic common bile duct and intraductal papillary mucinous tumor associated with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic tail]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2024:57-63. [PMID: 39140944 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202408157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
We present a combination of distal cholangiocarcinoma of the intrapancreatic common bile duct and intraductal papillary mucinous tumor associated with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic tail. This clinical case is unique. When analyzing the literature, we found no any case of similar primary multiple malignant tumor. Importantly, final diagnosis of simultaneous malignant pancreatobiliary neoplasia is possible only via intraoperative biopsy after adequate morphological dissection and research of resected organ complex including molecular genetic analysis due to identical histological and immunohistochemical picture of ductal neoplasia.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Cholangiocarcinoma/surgery
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/surgery
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Male
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/surgery
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Common Bile Duct Neoplasms/surgery
- Common Bile Duct Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Common Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology
- Common Bile Duct/surgery
- Common Bile Duct/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Pancreatectomy/methods
- Treatment Outcome
- Aged
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Setdikova
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Stepanova
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Verbovsky
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Semenkov
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Ingle K, LaComb JF, Graves LM, Baines AT, Bialkowska AB. AUM302, a novel triple kinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, is a potent in vitro pancreatic cancer growth inhibitor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294065. [PMID: 37943821 PMCID: PMC10635512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) being the most common subtype. Advanced stage diagnosis of PDAC is common, causing limited treatment opportunities. Gemcitabine is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent which can be used as a monotherapy or in combination. However, tumors often develop resistance to gemcitabine. Previous studies show that the proto-oncogene PIM kinases (PIM1 and PIM3) are upregulated in PDAC compared to matched normal tissue and are related to chemoresistance and PDAC cell growth. The PIM kinases are also involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote cell survival. In this study, we evaluate the effect of the novel multikinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, AUM302, and commercially available PIM inhibitor, TP-3654. Using five human PDAC cell lines, we found AUM302 to be a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle progression, and phosphoprotein expression, while TP-3654 was less effective. Significantly, AUM302 had a strong impact on the viability of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AUM302 exhibits antitumor activity in human PDAC cells and thus has the potential to be an effective drug for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komala Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Antonio T. Baines
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, College of Health & Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Kargbo RB. Targeting KRAS G12D Mutations: Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Intractable Cancers. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1041-1042. [PMID: 37583832 PMCID: PMC10424306 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The KRASG12D mutation, frequently found in pancreatic cancer, is representative of various challenging cancers and is a crucial target for chemotherapy drug development. Researchers are exploring highly selective and potent small molecule inhibitors of KRASG12D to meet the needs of patients with this mutation. The Patent Highlight reveals novel compounds capable of inhibiting KRASG12D proteins, potentially useful in treating KRASG12D-associated diseases, including cancers.
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Aryanti C, Uwuratuw JA, Labeda I, Raharjo W, Lusikooy RE, Abdul Rauf M, Mappincara A, Sampetoding S, Kusuma MI, Syarifuddin E. The Mutation Portraits of Oncogenes and Tumor Supressor Genes in Predicting the Overall Survival in Pancreatic Cancer: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2895-2902. [PMID: 37642079 PMCID: PMC10685232 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In pancreatic cancer, the carcinogenesis can not be separated from genetics mutations. The portraits of genes alterations majorily including oncogenes (KRAS, HER2, PD-L1) and tumor supressor genes (P53, CDKN2A, SMAD4). Besides being notorious a screening marker, the genetic mutations were related to the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the genetic mutations portrait in predicting the overall survival in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The network meta analysis (NMA) was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023397976) and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) in addition of NMA extension guidance. Comprehensive searches were done including all studies which reported the overall survival of pancreatic cancer subjects with KRAS, HER2, PD-L1, P53, CDKN2A, SMAD4. Data were collected and analysis will be done based on Bayesian method, Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, using BUGSnet package in R studio. Transivity was controlled by methods and consistency of the NMA will be fitted by deviance information criterion. Data analysis in NMA were presented in Sucra plot, league table, and forest plot. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in this NMA with 4613 total subjects. The NMA was conducted in random-effects, consistent, and convergence model. Relative to control, the genetic mutation of SMAD4 (HR 1.84; 95%CI 1.39-2.46), HER2 (HR 1.76; 95%CI 1.14-2.71), and KRAS (HR 1.7; 95%CI 1.19-2.48) were significant to have worse survival. The mutations of PD-L1, P53, and CDKN2A also showed poor survival, but not statistically significant compared to control. CONCLUSION In pancreatic cancer, the mutation of SMAD4 predicted the worst overall survival, compared to control, also mutation of HER2, KRAS, PD-L1, P53, and CDKN2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Aryanti
- Digestive Surgery Training Program, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Julianus Aboyaman Uwuratuw
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Ibrahim Labeda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Warsinggih Raharjo
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Ronald Erasio Lusikooy
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Murny Abdul Rauf
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Andi Mappincara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Samuel Sampetoding
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - M. Ihwan Kusuma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Erwin Syarifuddin
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
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Kargbo RB. Unveiling New KRAS G12D Inhibitors: A Promising Approach for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:889-890. [PMID: 37465312 PMCID: PMC10350939 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma-1 (PANC-1) is a human pancreatic cancer cell line derived from a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor, often used in research to study pancreatic cancer biology, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic interventions. PANC-1 cells exhibit genetic alterations characteristic of pancreatic cancer, such as mutations in the KRAS oncogene and TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Cultured in vitro, these cells enable researchers to investigate the effects of treatments, genetic manipulations, or signaling pathway modulations on cancer cell growth, survival, and migration. This Patent Highlight discloses new compounds capable of inhibiting KRASG12D proteins, potentially useful in treating KRASG12D-associated diseases, such as pancreatic cancer.
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13
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Lin HJ, Liu Y, Caroland K, Lin J. Polarization of Cancer-Associated Macrophages Maneuver Neoplastic Attributes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3507. [PMID: 37444617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence links the phenomenon of enhanced recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages towards cancer bulks to neoplastic growth, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, matrix remodeling, and therapeutic resistance. In the context of cancer progression, naïve macrophages are polarized into M1 or M2 subtypes according to their differentiation status, gene signatures, and functional roles. While the former render proinflammatory and anticancer effects, the latter subpopulation elicits an opposite impact on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. M2 macrophages have gained increasing attention as they are largely responsible for molding an immune-suppressive landscape. Through positive feedback circuits involving a paracrine manner, M2 macrophages can be amplified by and synergized with neighboring neoplastic cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and non-cell autonomous constituents in the microenvironmental niche to promote an advanced disease state. This review delineates the molecular cues expanding M2 populations that subsequently convey notorious clinical outcomes. Future therapeutic regimens shall comprise protocols attempting to abolish environmental niches favoring M2 polarization; weaken cancer growth typically assisted by M2; promote the recruitment of tumoricidal CD8+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells; and boost susceptibility towards gemcitabine as well as other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical & Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Willard Hall Education Building, 16 West Main Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yingguang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
| | - Kailey Caroland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Kargbo RB. Discovery of Selective and Potent KRAS G12D Inhibitors as Potential Therapy in Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:689-691. [PMID: 37312844 PMCID: PMC10258824 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reveal that nearly one in seven human cancers exhibit KRAS alterations, contributing to an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2020. To date, no marketed mutant-selective and potent KRASG12D inhibitors are available. The current Patent Highlight presents compounds that directly bind to KRASG12D, selectively inhibiting its activity. These compounds possess a favorable therapeutic index, stability, bioavailability, and toxicity profile, suggesting potential utility in cancer therapeutics.
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15
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Draguet F, Dubois N, Bouland C, Pieters K, Bron D, Meuleman N, Stamatopoulos B, Lagneaux L. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as an Efficient Nanocarrier to Deliver siRNA or Drug to Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112901. [PMID: 37296864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Treatment of PDAC remains a major challenge. This study aims to evaluate, in vitro, the use of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (UC-MSC)-derived EVs to specifically target pancreatic cancer cells. EVs were isolated from the FBS-free supernatants of the cultured UC-MSCs by ultracentrifugation and characterized by several methods. EVs were loaded with scramble or KRASG12D-targeting siRNA by electroporation. The effects of control and loaded EVs on different cell types were evaluated by assessing cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis and migration. Later, the ability of EVs to function as a drug delivery system for doxorubicin (DOXO), a chemotherapeutic drug, was also evaluated. Loaded EVs exhibited different kinetic rates of uptake by three cell lines, namely, BxPC-3 cells (pancreatic cancer cell line expressing KRASwt), LS180 cells (colorectal cell line expressing KRASG12D) and PANC-1 cells (pancreatic cell line expressing KRASG12D). A significant decrease in the relative expression of the KRASG12D gene after incubation with KRAS siRNA EVs was observed by real-time PCR. KRASG12D siRNA EVs significantly reduced the proliferation, viability and migration of the KRASG12D cell lines compared to scramble siRNA EVs. An endogenous EV production method was applied to obtain DOXO-loaded EVs. Briefly, UC-MSCs were treated with DOXO. After 24 h, UC-MSCs released DOXO-loaded EVs. DOXO-loaded EVs were rapidly taken up by PANC-1 cells and induced apoptotic cell death more efficiently than free DOXO. In conclusion, the use of UC-MSC-derived EVs as a drug delivery system for siRNAs or drugs could be a promising approach for the targeted treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Draguet
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Bouland
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karlien Pieters
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Department of Haematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Medicine Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Medicine Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Kargbo RB. Targeted Degradation of KRAS G12D as Potential Therapy in Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:537-538. [PMID: 37197464 PMCID: PMC10184148 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective proteolysis represents a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that is garnering global interest due to its capacity to eradicate pathogenic biomolecules within cellular environments. For instance, the PROTAC technology brings the ubiquitin proteasome system degradation machinery in close proximity of the KRASG12D mutant protein for initiating its degradation and the clearing of abnormal protein debris with unparallel precision, which provides an edge over traditional protein inhibition. This Patent Highlight provides exemplary PROTAC compounds having activity as inhibitors or degraders of the G12D mutant KRAS protein.
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17
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Kargbo RB. Discovery of Potent Deuterated Compounds as Potential KRAS G12D Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:362-364. [PMID: 37077379 PMCID: PMC10107914 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The disclosure in this Patent Highlight describes a new class of deuterated compounds that bind directly to KRASG12D and block its activity. These exemplary deuterated compounds are potentially useful as pharmaceuticals that may possess desirable properties, including bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic index. This may have significant influence in drugs absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and half-life when administered to a human or animal. The replacement of C-H with C-D increases the kinetic isotope effect, which makes the C-D bond up to ∼10 times stronger than the C-H bond.
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Kargbo RB. Targeting the "Undruggable" Driver Protein, KRAS G12D, as Potential Therapy in Prostate Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:365-366. [PMID: 37077403 PMCID: PMC10107906 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the progress made in the development of KRASG12C inhibitors, there is still continued interest to develop inhibitors of other KRAS such as KRASG12D for the treatment of diseases, including prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small-cell lung cancer. This Patent Highlight provides exemplary compounds having activity as inhibitors of G12D mutant KRAS protein.
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19
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Dai M, Jahanzaib R, Liao Y, Yao F, Li J, Teng X, Chen K, Cheng W. Prognostic value of KRAS subtype in patients with PDAC undergoing radical resection. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1074538. [PMID: 36582783 PMCID: PMC9793713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1074538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the frequency distribution of KRAS mutant subtypes in patients with resectable PDAC in China and then evaluate the prognostic value of different KRAS subtypes in patients with PDAC undergoing radical resection. Methods The clinicopathological data and gene test reports of 227 patients undergoing PDAC radical surgery at Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 1 January 1 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. There were 118 men (52%) and 109 women (48%). The mean age was 58.8 ± 10.3 years. After univariate analysis of the clinicopathological factors (sex, age, presence or absence of underlying disease, location of the primary tumour, tumour TNM stage, T stage, N stage, presence or absence of vascular invasion, presence or absence of nerve invasion, surgical margin, KRAS mutation subtype), variables with P < 0.1 were included in the multivariate Cox regression model analysis, and the log-rank sum test and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the correlation of the KRAS mutation subtype with the overall survival time. Results KRAS mutations were detected in 184 of 227 patients (81.1%) (G12D: 66; G12V: 65; G12R: 27; Q61:26) and were not detected in 43 patients (18.9%). KRAS mutations were associated with tumour differentiation (P = 0.001), TNM stage (P = 0.013), and T stage (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that N stage, surgical margin, tumour differentiation, and KRAS-G12D mutation were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS. Patients with the KRAS-G12D subtype had shorter OS with a median OS of 12 months (HR: 0.55, CI: 0.39-0.77, P < 0.001), and patients with KRAS wild-type had longer OS with a median OS of 19 months (HR: 0.57, CI: 0.42-0.76, P < 0.001). Conclusion KRAS wild-type individuals are more prevalent in the Chinese population than in European or American populations. Patients undergoing surgery had a reduced percentage of tumors with KRAS-G12D. When determining the prognosis of individuals with radically resected PDAC, reference markers for KRAS mutation subtypes can be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiong Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Raja Jahanzaib
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengxuan Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Teng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Wei Cheng, ; Kang Chen,
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Xiangyue Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, National Clinical Center for Schistosomiasis Treatment, Yueyang, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Wei Cheng, ; Kang Chen,
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