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Vincent A, Krishnakumar S, Parameswaran S. Heterozygous RB1 mutation enhanced ATP production in human iPSC-derived retinal organoids. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:606. [PMID: 38704498 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent in vitro studies using RB1+/- fibroblasts and MSCs have shown molecular and functional disruptions without the need for biallelic loss of RB1. However, this was not reflected in the recent in vitro studies employing RB1+/- retinal organoids. To gain further insights into the molecular disruptions in the RB1+/- retinal organoids, we performed a high throughput RNA sequencing analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS iPSCs were generated from RB1+/+ and RB1+/- OAMSCs derived from retinoblastoma patients. RB1+/+ and RB1+/- iPSCs were subjected to a step-wise retinal differentiation protocol. Retinal differentiation was evaluated by Real-time PCR and flow cytometry analysis of the retinal markers. To gain further insights into the molecular differences in RB1+/- retinal organoids, a high throughput RNA sequencing followed by differential gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. The analysis revealed a shift from the regular metabolic process of glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in the RB1+/- retinal organoids. To investigate further, we performed assays to determine the levels of pyruvate, lactate and ATP in the retinal organoids. The results revealed significant increase in ATP and pyruvate levels in RB1+/- retinal organoids of day 120 compared to that of the RB1+/+. The results thus revealed enhanced ATP production in the RB1+/- retinal organoids. CONCLUSION The study provides novel insights into the metabolic phenotype of heterozygous RB1 mutant suggesting dysregulation of energy metabolism and glycolytic pathways to be first step even before the changes in cellular proliferation or other phenotypic consequences ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Vincent
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, 41, College Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-Be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, 41, College Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, 41, College Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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2
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Shanbagh S, Gadde SG, Shetty R, Heymans S, Abilash VG, Chaurasia SS, Ghosh A. Hyperglycemia-induced miR182-5p drives glycolytic and angiogenic response in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and RPE cells via depleting FoxO1. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109713. [PMID: 37952722 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is associated with metabolic dysfunction in cells such as retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Small molecular weight microRNAs can simultaneously regulate multiple gene products thus having pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis. Since miR182-5p is involved in regulating glycolysis and angiogenesis, two pathologic processes of DR, we investigated its status in DR eyes and in high glucose model in vitro. METHOD ology: Total RNA was extracted from vitreous humor of PDR (n = 48) and macular hole (n = 22) subjects followed by quantification of miR182-5p and its target genes. ARPE-19 cells, cultured in DMEM under differential glucose conditions (5 mM and 25 mM) were used for metabolic and biochemical assays. Cells were transfected with miRNA182 mimic or antagomir to evaluate the gain and loss of function effects. RESULTS PDR patient eyes had high levels of miR182-5p levels (p < 0.05). RPE cells under high glucose stress elevated miR182-5p expression with altered glycolytic pathway drivers such as HK2, PFKP and PKM2 over extended durations. Additionally, RPE cells under high glucose conditions exhibited reduced FoxO1 and enhanced Akt activation. RPE cells transfected with miR182-5p mimic phenocopied the enhanced basal and compensatory glycolytic rates observed under high glucose conditions with increased VEGF secretion. Conversely, inhibiting miR182-5p reduced Akt activation, glycolytic pathway proteins, and VEGF while stabilizing FoxO1. CONCLUSION Glycolysis-associated proteins downstream of the FoxO1-Akt axis were regulated by miR182-5p. Further, miR182-5p increased expression of VEGFR2 and VEGF levels, likely via inhibition of ZNF24. Thus, the FoxO1-Akt-glycolysis/VEGF pathway driving metabolic dysfunction with concurrent angiogenic signaling in PDR may be potentially targeted for treatment via miR182-5p modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaika Shanbagh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - V G Abilash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology & Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.
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3
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Gulati K, Manukonda R, Kairamkonda M, Kaliki S, Poluri KM. Serum Metabolomics of Retinoblastoma: Assessing the Differential Serum Metabolic Signatures of Unilateral and Bilateral Patients. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48233-48250. [PMID: 38144138 PMCID: PMC10733957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common pediatric eye cancer. To identify the biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring the progression of Rb in patients, mapping of the alterations in their metabolic profiles is essential. The present study aims at exploring the metabolic disparity in serum from Rb patients and controls using NMR-based metabolomics. A total of 72 metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids, were quantified in serum samples from 24 Rb patients and 26 controls. Distinct clusters of Rb patients and controls were obtained using the partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. Further, univariate and multivariate analyses of unilateral and bilateral Rb patients with respect to their age-matched controls depicted their distinct metabolic fingerprints. Metabolites including 2-phosphoglycerate, 4-aminobutyrate, proline, O-phosphocholine, O-phosphoethanolamine, and Sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Sn-GPC) showed significant perturbation in both unilateral and bilateral Rb patients. However, metabolic differences among the bilateral Rb cases were more pronounced than those in unilateral Rb cases with respect to controls. In addition to major discriminatory metabolites for Rb, unilateral and bilateral Rb cases showed specific metabolic changes, which might be the result of their differential genetic/somatic mutational backgrounds. This further suggests that the aberrant metabolic perturbation in bilateral patients signifies the severity of the disease in Rb patients. The present study demonstrated that identified serum metabolites have potential to serve as a noninvasive method for detection of Rb, discriminate bilateral from unilateral Rb patients, and aid in better understanding of the RB tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gulati
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
- Brien
Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad
Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Radhika Manukonda
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
- Brien
Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad
Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Manikyaprabhu Kairamkonda
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Babu VS, Mallipatna A, Dudeja G, Shetty R, Nair AP, Tun SBB, Ho CEH, Chaurasia SS, Bhattacharya SS, Verma NK, Lakshminarayanan R, Guha N, Heymans S, Barathi VA, Ghosh A. Depleted hexokinase1 and lack of AMPKα activation favor OXPHOS-dependent energetics in retinoblastoma tumors. Transl Res 2023; 261:41-56. [PMID: 37419277 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Lack of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein causes aggressive intraocular retinal tumors in children. Recently, Rb tumors have been shown to have a distinctly altered metabolic phenotype, such as reduced expression of glycolytic pathway proteins alongside altered pyruvate and fatty acid levels. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of hexokinase 1(HK1) in tumor cells rewires their metabolism allowing enhanced oxidative phosphorylation-dependent energy production. We show that rescuing HK1 or retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1) in these Rb cells reduced cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, invasion, and spheroid formation and increased their sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Induction of HK1 was accompanied by a metabolic shift of the cells to glycolysis and a reduction in mitochondrial mass. Cytoplasmic HK1 bound Liver Kinase B1 and phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase-α (AMPKα Thr172), thereby reducing mitochondria-dependent energy production. We validated these findings in tumor samples from Rb patients compared to age-matched healthy retinae. HK1 or RB1 expression in Rb-/- cells led to a reduction in their respiratory capacity and glycolytic proton flux. HK1 overexpression reduced tumor burden in an intraocular tumor xenograft model. AMPKα activation by AICAR also enhanced the tumoricidal effects of the chemotherapeutic drug topotecan in vivo. Therefore, enhancing HK1 or AMPKα activity can reprogram cancer metabolism and sensitize Rb tumors to lower doses of existing treatments, a potential therapeutic modality for Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Suresh Babu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India; Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ashwin Mallipatna
- Retinoblastoma Service, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gagan Dudeja
- Retinoblastoma Service, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shomi S Bhattacharya
- University College London, London, UK; GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Nilanjan Guha
- Agilent Technologies India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; The Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.
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Rodriguez-Zabala M, Ramakrishnan R, Reinbach K, Ghosh S, Oburoglu L, Falqués-Costa A, Bellamkonda K, Ehinger M, Peña-Martínez P, Puente-Moncada N, Lilljebjörn H, Cammenga J, Pronk CJ, Lazarevic V, Fioretos T, Hagström-Andersson AK, Woods NB, Järås M. Combined GLUT1 and OXPHOS inhibition eliminates acute myeloid leukemia cells by restraining their metabolic plasticity. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5382-5395. [PMID: 37505194 PMCID: PMC10509671 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is initiated and propagated by leukemia stem cells (LSCs), a self-renewing population of leukemia cells responsible for therapy resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic opportunities targeting LSCs. Here, we performed an in vivo CRISPR knockout screen to identify potential therapeutic targets by interrogating cell surface dependencies of LSCs. The facilitated glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) emerged as a critical in vivo metabolic dependency for LSCs in a murine MLL::AF9-driven model of AML. GLUT1 disruption by genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition led to suppression of leukemia progression and improved survival of mice that received transplantation with LSCs. Metabolic profiling revealed that Glut1 inhibition suppressed glycolysis, decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and increased the levels of amino acids. This metabolic reprogramming was accompanied by an increase in autophagic activity and apoptosis. Moreover, Glut1 disruption caused transcriptional, morphological, and immunophenotypic changes, consistent with differentiation of AML cells. Notably, dual inhibition of GLUT1 and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibited synergistic antileukemic effects in the majority of tested primary AML patient samples through restraining of their metabolic plasticity. In particular, RUNX1-mutated primary leukemia cells displayed striking sensitivity to the combination treatment compared with normal CD34+ bone marrow and cord blood cells. Collectively, our study reveals a GLUT1 dependency of murine LSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment and demonstrates that dual inhibition of GLUT1 and OXPHOS is a promising therapeutic approach for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rodriguez-Zabala
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramprasad Ramakrishnan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Reinbach
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leal Oburoglu
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mats Ehinger
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Cammenga
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cornelis Jan Pronk
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Childhood Cancer Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Lazarevic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Niels-Bjarne Woods
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Järås
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zhao Y, Cheng Y, Qu Y. The role of EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target in retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109389. [PMID: 36669714 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been reported selectively expressed in postnatal human retinoblastoma (RB). While, the contribution of EZH2 in progression of RB and its clinical importance has not been clarified. Here, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tumor specimens from 53 RB patients. UNC1999 and GSK503, inhibitors targeting EZH2, were incubated with human RB cell line WERI-Rb-1 and Y79 to assess the role and mechanism of EZH2 in RB proliferation, metastasis and tumor glycolysis. Administration of UNC1999 in subcutaneous tumor model of RB was conducted. The results showed that highly expressed EZH2 in RB tissues was significantly associated with the poor overall survival. UNC1999 and GSK503 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor glycolysis of RB. Results in mouse xenograft model confirmed the inhibitory effect of UNC1999 on tumor growth of RB and the regulation effect of EZH2 to STAT3/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Therefore, EZH2 is rewarding to study as a potential target for anti-RB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, China.
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Selective Induction of Intrinsic Apoptosis in Retinoblastoma Cells by Novel Cationic Antimicrobial Dodecapeptides. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112507. [PMID: 36432697 PMCID: PMC9694048 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides represent an important component of innate immunity. In this work, we report the anticancer properties of a panel of hyper-charged wholly cationic antimicrobial dodecapeptides (CAPs) containing multiple canonical forms of lysine and arginine residues. These CAPs displayed excellent bactericidal activities against a broad range of pathogenic bacteria by dissipating the cytoplasmic membrane potential. Specifically, we identified two CAPs, named HC3 and HC5, that effectively killed a significant number of retinoblastoma (WERI-Rb1) cells (p ≤ 0.01). These two CAPs caused the shrinkage of WERI-Rb1 tumor spheroids (p ≤ 0.01), induced intrinsic apoptosis in WERI-Rb1 cells via activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, cleaved the PARP protein, and triggered off the phosphorylation of p53 and γH2A.X. Combining HC3 or HC5 with the standard chemotherapeutic drug topotecan showed synergistic anti-cancer activities. Overall, these results suggest that HC3 and HC5 can be exploited as potential therapeutic agents in retinoblastoma as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to enhance the effectiveness of currently used treatment modalities.
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