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Luo X, Gong Y, Gong Z, Fan K, Suo T, Liu H, Ni X, Ni X, Abudureyimu M, Liu H. Liver and bile duct organoids and tumoroids. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117104. [PMID: 39024834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids refer to 3D cultures established to recapitulate histology, pathology, architecture, and genetic traits of various organs and tissues in the body, thereby replacing 2D cell cultures, xenograft, and animal models. Organoids form a 3D in vitro mimic of original tissues like the liver and are derived from embryonic or adult tissue stem cells. Liver and bile duct tumor organoids, also called, tumoroids capture genetic diversity, cellular, and pathophysiological properties of original tumors. Moreover, co-culture techniques along with genetic modulation of organoids allow for using tumoroids in liver and bile duct cancer research and drug screening/testing. Therefore, tumoroids are promising platforms for studying liver and bile duct cancer, which paves the way for the new era of personalized therapies. In the current review, we aimed to discuss liver and bile duct organoids with special emphasis on tumoroids and their applications, advantages, and shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Luo
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuda Gong
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China
| | - Zijun Gong
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China
| | - Xiaojian Ni
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China
| | - Miyesaier Abudureyimu
- Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Xiang D, He A, Zhou R, Wang Y, Xiao X, Gong T, Kang W, Lin X, Wang X, Liu L, Chen YG, Gao S, Liu Y. Building consensus on the application of organoid-based drug sensitivity testing in cancer precision medicine and drug development. Theranostics 2024; 14:3300-3316. [PMID: 38855182 PMCID: PMC11155402 DOI: 10.7150/thno.96027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have emerged as a promising platform for clinical and translational studies. A strong correlation exists between clinical outcomes and the use of PDOs to predict the efficacy of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. To standardize interpretation and enhance scientific communication in the field of cancer precision medicine, we revisit the concept of PDO-based drug sensitivity testing (DST). We present an expert consensus-driven approach for medication selection aimed at predicting patient responses. To further standardize PDO-based DST, we propose guidelines for clarification and characterization. Additionally, we identify several major challenges in clinical prediction when utilizing PDOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200232, PRC
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PRC
| | - Aina He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 PRC
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, PRC
- National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, PRC
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 PRC
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PRC
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PRC
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PRC
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Boao Research Hospital), Hainan 571434, PRC
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PRC
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PRC
| | | | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230001, PRC
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PRC
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, PRC
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PRC
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PRC
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PRC
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200232, PRC
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PRC
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Van Hemelryk A, Erkens-Schulze S, Lim L, de Ridder CMA, Stuurman DC, Jenster GW, van Royen ME, van Weerden WM. Viability Analysis and High-Content Live-Cell Imaging for Drug Testing in Prostate Cancer Xenograft-Derived Organoids. Cells 2023; 12:1377. [PMID: 37408211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor organoids have been pushed forward as advanced model systems for in vitro oncology drug testing, with the eventual goal to direct personalized cancer treatments. However, drug testing efforts suffer from a large variation in experimental conditions for organoid culturing and organoid treatment. Moreover, most drug tests are restricted to whole-well viability as the sole read-out, thereby losing important information about key biological aspects that might be impacted due to the use of administered drugs. These bulk read-outs also discard potential inter-organoid heterogeneity in drug responses. To tackle these issues, we developed a systematic approach for processing organoids from prostate cancer (PCa) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) for viability-based drug testing and identified essential conditions and quality checks for consistent results. In addition, we generated an imaging-based drug testing procedure using high-content fluorescence microscopy in living PCa organoids to detect various modalities of cell death. Individual organoids and cell nuclei in organoids were segmented and quantified using a dye combination of Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide and Caspase 3/7 Green, allowing the identification of cytostatic and cytotoxic treatment effects. Our procedures provide important insights into the mechanistic actions of tested drugs. Moreover, these methods can be adapted for tumor organoids originating from other cancer types to increase organoid-based drug test validity, and ultimately, accelerate clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Van Hemelryk
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrun Erkens-Schulze
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lifani Lim
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina M A de Ridder
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra C Stuurman
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido W Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang L, Wang L, Yang S, He K, Bao D, Xu M. Quantifying the drug response of patient-derived organoid clusters by aggregated morphological indicators with multi-parameters based on optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1703-1717. [PMID: 37078050 PMCID: PMC10110317 DOI: 10.1364/boe.486666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) serve as excellent tools for personalized drug screening to predict clinical outcomes of cancer treatment. However, current methods for efficient quantification of drug response are limited. Herein, we develop a method for label-free, continuous tracking imaging and quantitative analysis of drug efficacy using PDOs. A self-developed optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was used to monitor the morphological changes of PDOs within 6 days of drug administration. OCT image acquisition was performed every 24 h. An analytical method for organoid segmentation and morphological quantification was developed based on a deep learning network (EGO-Net) to simultaneously analyze multiple morphological organoid parameters under the drug's effect. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing was conducted on the last day of drug treatment. Finally, a corresponding aggregated morphological indicator (AMI) was established using principal component analysis (PCA) based on the correlation analysis between OCT morphological quantification and ATP testing. Determining the AMI of organoids allowed quantitative evaluation of the PDOs responses to gradient concentrations and combinations of drugs. Results showed that there was a strong correlation (correlation coefficient >90%) between the results using the AMI of organoids and those from ATP testing, which is the standard test used for bioactivity measurement. Compared with single-time-point morphological parameters, the introduction of time-dependent morphological parameters can reflect drug efficacy with improved accuracy. Additionally, the AMI of organoids was found to improve the efficiency of 5-fluorouracil(5FU) against tumor cells by allowing the determination of the optimum concentration, and the discrepancies in response among different PDOs using the same drug combinations could also be measured. Collectively, the AMI established by OCT system combined with PCA could quantify the multidimensional morphological changes of organoids under the drug's effect, providing a simple and efficient tool for drug screening in PDOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhang
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, Automation College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, Automation College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Information and Biological 3D Printing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, Automation College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Information and Biological 3D Printing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangxin He
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Bao
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, Automation College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingen Xu
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, Automation College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Information and Biological 3D Printing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chen L, Wei X, Gu D, Xu Y, Zhou H. Human liver cancer organoids: Biological applications, current challenges, and prospects in hepatoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216048. [PMID: 36603689 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer and disease are among the most socially challenging global health concerns. Although organ transplantation, surgical resection and anticancer drugs are the main methods for the treatment of liver cancer, there are still no proven cures owing to the lack of donor livers and tumor heterogeneity. Recently, advances in tumor organoid technology have attracted considerable attention as they can simulate the spatial constructs and pathophysiological characteristics of tumorigenesis and metastasis in a more realistic manner. Organoids may further contribute to the development of tailored therapies. Combining organoids with other emerging techniques, such as CRISPR-HOT, organ-on-a-chip, and 3D bioprinting, may further develop organoids and address their bottlenecks to create more practical models that generalize different tissue or organ interactions in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the various methods in which liver organoids may be generated and describe their biological and clinical applications, present challenges, and prospects for their integration with emerging technologies. These rapidly developing liver organoids may become the focus of in vitro clinical model development and therapeutic research for liver diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiafei Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongzhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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