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Schaubmayr W, Hackl M, Pultar M, Ghanim BD, Klein KU, Schmid JA, Mohr T, Tretter V. Candidate Signature miRNAs from Secreted miRNAome of Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Response to Different Oxygen Conditions: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8798. [PMID: 39201485 PMCID: PMC11354369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen conditions in the lung determine downstream organ functionality by setting the partial pressure of oxygen, regulating the redox homeostasis and by activating mediators in the lung that can be propagated in the blood stream. Examples for such mediators are secreted soluble or vesicle-bound molecules (proteins and nucleic acids) that can be taken up by remote target cells impacting their metabolism and signaling pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gained significant interest as intercellular communicators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this context. Due to their high stability in the blood stream, they have also been attributed a role as "memory molecules" that are able to modulate gene expression upon repeated (stress) exposures. In this study, we aimed to identify and quantify released miRNAs from lung microvascular endothelial cells in response to different oxygen conditions. We combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) of secreted miRNAs and cellular mRNA sequencing with bioinformatic analyses in order to delineate molecular events on the cellular and extracellular level and their putative interdependence. We show that the identified miRNA networks have the potential to co-mediate some of the molecular events, that have been observed in the context of hypoxia, hyperoxia, intermittent hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schaubmayr
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (W.S.)
| | | | | | - Bahil D. Ghanim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus U. Klein
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (W.S.)
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Verena Tretter
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (W.S.)
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2
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Liao TB, Luo KX, Tu JY, Zhang YL, Zhang GJ, Sun ZY. DSN signal amplification strategy based nanochannels biosensor for the detection of miRNAs. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108771. [PMID: 38972158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
MiRNA-21 is recognized as an important biological marker for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer. Here, we have created a nanochannel biosensor utilizing the duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) signal amplification strategy to achieve the detection of miRNAs. In this system, DNA as the capture probe was covalently immobilized on the surface of nanochannels, which hybridized with the target miRNA and forms RNA/DNA duplexes. DSN could cleave the probe DNA in RNA/DNA duplexes, recycling target miRNA, which may again hybridized with other DNA probes. After N cycles, most of the DNA probes had been cleaved, and the content of miRNA could be quantified by detecting changes in surface charge density. This biosensor can distinguish miR-21 from non-complementary miRNAs and one-base mismatched miRNAs, with reliable detection limits as low as 1 fM in PBS. In addition, we had successfully applied this method to analysis of total RNA samples in MCF-7 cells and HeLa cells, and the nanochannels had also shown excellent responsiveness and strong anti-interference ability. This new method is expected to contribute to miRNA detection in clinical diagnostics, providing a unique approach to detecting and distinguishing disease-associated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Bin Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ke-Xin Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zhong-Yue Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
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3
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Ferreira T, da Costa RMG, Dias F, Gama A, Gaspar VM, Mano JF, Oliveira PA, Medeiros R. Exploring the role of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in canine mammary tumors. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01260-7. [PMID: 38954129 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) represent a significant health concern in dogs, with a high incidence among intact female dogs. CMTs are a promising comparative model for human breast cancer, due to sharing several pathophysiological features. Additionally, CMTs have a strong genetic correlation with their human counterpart, including the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-translational regulation of gene expression, being implicated in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Moreover, miRNAs hold promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and metastatic biomarkers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CMTs is crucial for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatments. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on miRNAs in CMTs, highlighting their roles in carcinogenesis and their potential as biomarkers. Additionally, we highlight the current limitations and critically discuss the overarching challenges in this field, emphasizing the need for future research to translate miRNA findings into veterinary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer-Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177, Porto, Portugal.
- Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal.
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Hong Y, Chen T, He Q, Ma Q, Chen Z. Clinical implications of serum miR-34a in breast cancer and its predictive value for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2711-2718. [PMID: 39006295 PMCID: PMC11236626 DOI: 10.62347/phys4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the implications of serum miR-34a in breast cancer (BC) and its predictive value for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 102 female BC patients (research group) admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2016 to March 2018 and 102 concurrent female health controls who underwent physical examinations (control group). Serum samples from both groups were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to measure miR-34a expression. The correlation of miR-34a with BC patients' clinical parameters was analyzed, and the implications of miR-34a for diagnosing BC and predicting NACT efficacy were assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine whether miR-34a independently influenced treatment effectiveness and patient outcomes. RESULTS The data showed significantly lower miR-34a levels in the research group than in the control group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of miR-34a for differentiating BC was 0.888. In BC patients, miR-34a was strongly correlated with tumor staging and differentiation degree. Following NACT, BC patients showed an evident rise in miR-34a expression, with higher levels in patients with effective treatment compared to those with treatment failure (P<0.05). The AUC values of serum miR-34a in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy from FD to SD and from SD to TD were 0.880 and 0.861, respectively (P<0.001). Furthermore, patients with favorable prognosis exhibited markedly higher serum miR-34a expression than those with poor prognosis (P<0.05). The AUC of miR-34a expression for predicting adverse prognosis was 0.825. Decreased miR-34a was identified as an independent risk factor for treatment failure and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, serum miR-34a is downregulated in BC and can predict the clinical progression of BC patients and the therapeutic efficacy of NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
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Balasundaram A, Mitra TS, Tayubi IA, Zayed H, Doss GPC. Deciphering the miRNA-mRNA Interaction Landscape between Breast Cancer and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Integrated Bioinformatics Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24379-24395. [PMID: 38882157 PMCID: PMC11170726 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is globally recognized as the second most prevalent form of cancer. It predominantly affects women and can be categorized into distinct types based on the overexpression of specific cancer receptors.The key receptors implicated in this context are the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR), alongside a particularly intricate subclass known as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This subclassification is critical for the stratification of breast cancer and informs therapeutic decision-making processes. Due to a lack of therapeutic targets, such as growth factor receptors, TNBC is the most aggressive type. Hence, identifying targetable regulators such as miRNAs could pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions. To identify common differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) in BC, including TNBC, we leveraged two data sets from the GEO collection and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Significant DE-mRNAs were identified through PPI, MCODE, CytoNCA, and CytoHubba analyses. Following this, miRNAs were predicted using mirDIP. We utilized GSE42568, GSE185645, and TCGA and identified 159 common DE-mRNAs. Using Cytoscape plug-ins, we identified the 10 most significant DE-mRNAs in BC. Using mirDIP, target miRNAs for 10 DE-mRNAs were identified. We conducted an advanced analysis on the TNBC GEO data set (GSE45498) to corroborate the significance of shared DE-mRNAs and DE-miRNAs in TNBC. We identified four downregulated DE-miRNAs, including hsa-miR-802, hsa-miR-1258, hsa-miR-548a-3p, and hsa-miR-2053, significantly associated with TNBC. Our study revealed significant miRNA-mRNA interactions, specifically hsa-miR-802/MELK, hsa-miR-1258/NCAPG, miR-548a-3p/CCNA2, and hsa-miR-2053/NUSAP1, in both BC and TNBC. The observed downregulation of hsa-miR-548a-3p is associated with diminished survival rates in BC patients, emphasizing their potential utility as prognostic indicators. Furthermore, the differential expression of mRNAs, including CCNB2, UBE2C, MELK, and KIF2C, correlates with reduced survival outcomes, signifying their critical role as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in both BC and TNBC. These findings highlight specific regulatory mechanisms that are potentially crucial for understanding and treating these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambritha Balasundaram
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanisha Saurav Mitra
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Iftikhar Aslam Tayubi
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Rabigh (FCITR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - George Priya C Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Baylie T, Kasaw M, Getinet M, Getie G, Jemal M, Nigatu A, Ahmed H, Bogale M. The role of miRNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374821. [PMID: 38812786 PMCID: PMC11133523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of deaths reported in women worldwide, and therefore there is a need to identify BC patients at an early stage as timely diagnosis would help in effective management and appropriate monitoring of patients. This will allow for proper patient monitoring and effective care. However, the absence of a particular biomarker for BC early diagnosis and surveillance makes it difficult to accomplish these objectives. miRNAs have been identified as master regulators of the molecular pathways that are emphasized in various tumors and that lead to the advancement of malignancies. Small, non-coding RNA molecules known as miRNAs target particular mRNAs to control the expression of genes. miRNAs dysregulation has been linked to the start and development of a number of human malignancies, including BC, since there is compelling evidence that miRNAs can function as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. The current level of knowledge on the role of miRNAs in BC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is presented in this review. miRNAs can regulate the tumorigenesis of BC through targeting PI3K pathway and can be used as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers for BC therapy. Some miRNAs, like miR-9, miR-10b, and miR-17-5p, are becoming known as biomarkers of BC for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome prediction. Other miRNAs, like miR-30c, miR-187, and miR-339-5p, play significant roles in the regulation of hallmark functions of BC, including invasion, metastasis, proliferation, resting death, apoptosis, and genomic instability. Other miRNAs, such as miR-155 and miR-210, are circulating in bodily fluids and are therefore of interest as novel, conveniently accessible, reasonably priced, non-invasive methods for the customized care of patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Baylie
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kasaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Getinet
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Gedefaw Getie
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Jemal
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Nigatu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Hassen Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Mihiret Bogale
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Wollo, Ethiopia
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de Miranda FS, Slaibi-Filho J, Calasans dos Santos G, Carmo NT, Kaneto CM, Borin TF, Luiz WB, Gastalho Campos LC. MicroRNA as a promising molecular biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1337706. [PMID: 38813102 PMCID: PMC11134088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1337706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer represents the most prevalent malignancy among women. Recent advancements in translational research have focused on the identification of novel biomarkers capable of providing valuable insights into patient outcomes. Furthermore, comprehensive investigations aimed at discovering novel miRNAs, unraveling their biological functions, and deciphering their target genes have significantly contributed to our understanding of the roles miRNAs play in tumorigenesis. Consequently, these investigations have facilitated the way for the development of miRNA-based approaches for breast cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. However, conducting a more extensive array of studies, particularly among diverse ethnic groups, is imperative to expand the scope of research and validate the significance of miRNAs. This study aimed to assess the expression patterns of circulating miRNAs in plasma as a prospective biomarker for breast cancer patients within a population primarily consisting of individuals from Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities. Methods: We evaluated 49 patients with breast cancer compared to 44 healthy women. Results and discussion: All miRNAs analyzed in the plasma of patients with breast cancer were downregulated. ROC curve analysis of miR-21 (AUC = 0.798, 95% CI: 0.682-0.914, p <0.0001), miR-1 (AUC = 0.742, 95% CI: 0.576-0.909, p = 0.004), miR-16 (AUC = 0.721, 95% CI: 0.581-0.861, p = 0.002) and miR-195 (AUC = 0.672, 95% CI: 0.553-0.792, p = 0.004) showed better diagnostic accuracy in discrimination of breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy women. miR-210, miR-21 showed the highest specificities values (97.3%, 94.1%, respectively). Following, miR-10b and miR-195 showed the highest sensitivity values (89.3%, and 77.8%, respectively). The panel with a combination of four miRNAs (miR-195 + miR-210 + miR-21 + miR-16) had an AUC of 0.898 (0.765-0.970), a sensitivity of 71.4%, and a specificity of 100.0%. Collectively, our results highlight the miRNA combination in panels drastically improves the results and showed high accuracy for the diagnosis of breast cancer displaying good sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Silva de Miranda
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Slaibi-Filho
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Calasans dos Santos
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Teixeira Carmo
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carla Martins Kaneto
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Wilson Barros Luiz
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciene Cristina Gastalho Campos
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Abolhasanzadeh N, Sarabandi S, Dehghan B, Karamad V, Avci CB, Shademan B, Nourazarian A. Exploring the intricate relationship between miRNA dysregulation and breast cancer development: insights into the impact of environmental chemicals. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333563. [PMID: 38807590 PMCID: PMC11130376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer among women globally, influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have investigated changes in microRNAs (miRNAs) during breast cancer progression and the potential impact of environmental chemicals on miRNA expression. This review aims to provide an updated overview of miRNA alterations in breast cancer and to explore their potential association with environmental chemicals. We will discuss the current knowledge on dysregulated miRNAs in breast cancer, including both upregulated and downregulated miRNAs. Additionally, we will review the influence of environmental chemicals, such as endocrine-disrupting compounds, heavy metals, and air pollutants, on miRNA expression and their potential contribution to breast cancer development. This review aims to advance our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer by comprehensively examining miRNA alterations and their association with environmental chemicals. This knowledge is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and preventive measures. Furthermore, identifying specific miRNAs affected by environmental chemicals may allow the prediction of individual susceptibility to breast cancer and the design of personalized intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Abolhasanzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajed Sarabandi
- Department of Computer Science Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bahar Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Karamad
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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Abdul Manap AS, Wisham AA, Wong FW, Ahmad Najmi HR, Ng ZF, Diba RS. Mapping the function of MicroRNAs as a critical regulator of tumor-immune cell communication in breast cancer and potential treatment strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1390704. [PMID: 38726321 PMCID: PMC11079208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1390704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system's monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells' evasion of the immune system and promoting cancer progression. Additionally, miRNAs also influence metastasis formation, including the establishment of metastatic sites and the transformation of tumor cells into migratory phenotypes. Specifically, dysregulated expression of these genes has been associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby facilitating tumor development. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the significance and function of miRNAs in breast cancer, focusing on their involvement as tumor suppressors in the antitumor immune response and as oncogenes in metastasis formation. Furthermore, miRNAs hold tremendous potential as targets for gene therapy due to their ability to modulate specific pathways that can either promote or suppress carcinogenesis. This perspective highlights the latest strategies developed for miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fei Wen Wong
- Faculty of Biosciences, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Zhi Fei Ng
- Faculty of Biosciences, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
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He M, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Zhang F, Kang Y. Systematic Analysis to Identify the MIR99AHG-has-miR-21-5p- EHD1 CeRNA Regulatory Network as Potential Biomarkers in Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:2391-2402. [PMID: 38495494 PMCID: PMC10937275 DOI: 10.7150/jca.93343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) remains an extremely lethal disease worldwide, and effective prognostic biomarkers are at top priority. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis methods, the quest to characterize cancer transcriptomes continues to move forward. However, the integrated systematic analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in LC is lacking. In this study, we collected samples of cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from patients with lung cancer and conducted transcriptome and small RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DEMs), and lncRNAs (DELs). The regulatory roles of miRNAs in LC were explained by functional analysis on DEM-targeted genes. The lncRNA-miRNA pairs, miRNA-mRNA pairs, and lncRNA-mRNA pairs were identified and combined to construct the interplay of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA. We evaluated the prognostic value of selected lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Finally, we analyzed the expression levels of selected DEM, DELs, and DEGs in lung cancer patients and healthy people to verify our findings. A total of 1492 DEGs, 12 DEMs, and 604 DELs were identified in LC patients. Based on the bioinformatic analysis and the regulatory mechanism of ceRNAs, 3 lncRNAs (GATA2-AS1, LINC00632, MIR99AHG), 1 miRNA (hsa-miR-21-5p) and 5 targeted genes (RECK, TIMP3, EHD1, RASGRP1 and ERG) were figured out first. Through further Kaplan-Meier analysis screening the prognostic value, we finally found the hub subnetwork (MIR99AHG-hsa-miR-21-5p-EHD1) by collating lncRNA-miRNA pairs, miRNA-mRNA pairs and lncRNA-mRNA pairs. As the key of ceRNA regulatory network, the expression of miRNA-21-5p in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy people (P < 0.01), and its high expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.0025). Our study successfully constructed a MIR99AHG-hsa-miR-21-5p-EHD1 mutually regulatory network, suggesting the potential efficient biomarkers in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengju He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,200030, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, 201108, China
| | - Yicen Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yani Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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11
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Ahram M, Abu Alragheb B, Abushukair H, Bawadi R, Al-Hussaini M. MicroRNAs Associated with Androgen Receptor and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:665. [PMID: 38339416 PMCID: PMC10854913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to identify novel molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The androgen receptor (AR) is a regulator of TNBC, acting partially via microRNA molecules (miRNAs). In this study, we used PCR arrays to profile the expression of 84 miRNAs in 24 TNBC tissue samples, which were equally classified according to AR expression and/or metastasis. Several bioinformatics tools were then utilized to determine the potentially affected protein targets and signaling pathways. Seven miRNAs were found to be significantly more highly expressed in association with AR expression, including miR-328-3p and miR-489-3p. Increased expression of miR-205-3p was found to be significantly associated with metastasis. Certain miRNAs were specifically found to be differentially expressed in either metastatic or non-metastatic AR-positive tumors. A gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated biological roles in the regulation of transcription, cellular response to DNA damage, and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway. The GO analysis also showed enrichment in kinase and transcription factor activities. The TGF-beta and a number of kinase-dependent pathways were also retrieved using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. This study offers an understanding of the role of AR in TNBC and further implicates miRNAs in mediating the effects of AR on TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | | | - Hassan Abushukair
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Randa Bawadi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan;
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12
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Pasławska M, Grodzka A, Peczyńska J, Sawicka B, Bossowski AT. Role of miRNA in Cardiovascular Diseases in Children-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:956. [PMID: 38256030 PMCID: PMC10816020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of children suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is rising globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to acquire a better understanding of the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of CVDs in order to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for the future. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNA fragments that range from 17 to 25 nucleotides in length and play an essential role in regulating gene expression, controlling an abundance of biological aspects of cell life, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, thus affecting immune response, stem cell growth, ageing and haematopoiesis. In recent years, the concept of miRNAs as diagnostic markers allowing discrimination between healthy individuals and those affected by CVDs entered the purview of academic debate. In this review, we aimed to systematise available information regarding miRNAs associated with arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and congenital heart diseases in children. We focused on the targeted genes and metabolic pathways influenced by those particular miRNAs, and finally, tried to determine the future of miRNAs as novel biomarkers of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Artur Tadeusz Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.P.); (B.S.)
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13
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Khanegheini B, Ghasemi A, Heidari MA, Aeinfar K, Firoozi S, Tamaddon M, Fereidouni Z. Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Brain: A New Therapeutic Perspective. Galen Med J 2023; 12:1-4. [PMID: 38774849 PMCID: PMC11108662 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v12i.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baback Khanegheini
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ghasemi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences,
Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Heidari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science,
Ilam, Iran
| | - Kamkar Aeinfar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Firoozi
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mona Tamaddon
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences
Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Fereidouni
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa,
Iran
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14
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Jotshi A, Sukla KK, Haque MM, Bose C, Varma B, Koppiker CB, Joshi S, Mishra R. Exploring the human microbiome - A step forward for precision medicine in breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1877. [PMID: 37539732 PMCID: PMC10644338 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The second most frequent cancer in the world and the most common malignancy in women is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a significant health concern in India with a high mortality-to-incidence ratio and presentation at a younger age. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified gut microbiota as a significant factor that can have an influence on the development, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer. This review article aims to describe the influence of microbial dysbiosis on breast cancer occurrence and the possible interactions between oncobiome and specific breast cancer molecular subtypes. The review further also discusses the role of epigenetics and diet/nutrition in the regulation of the gut and breast microbiome and its association with breast cancer prevention, therapy, and recurrence. Additionally, the recent technological advances in microbiome research, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, genome sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and microbial metabolomics along with recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have also been reviewed. This is an attempt to present a comprehensive status of the microbiome as a key cancer biomarker. CONCLUSION We believe that correlating microbiome and carcinogenesis is important as it can provide insights into the mechanisms by which microbial dysbiosis can influence cancer development and progression, leading to the potential use of the microbiome as a tool for prognostication and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Jotshi
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research: A Joint Initiative of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune and Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM)PuneIndia
| | | | | | - Chandrani Bose
- Life Sciences R&D, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services LimitedPuneIndia
| | - Binuja Varma
- TCS Genomics Lab, Tata Consultancy Services LimitedNew DelhiIndia
| | - C. B. Koppiker
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research: A Joint Initiative of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune and Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM)PuneIndia
- Prashanti Cancer Care Mission, Pune, India and Orchids Breast Health Centre, a PCCM initiativePuneIndia
| | - Sneha Joshi
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research: A Joint Initiative of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune and Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM)PuneIndia
| | - Rupa Mishra
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research: A Joint Initiative of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune and Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM)PuneIndia
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15
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Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Villarreal-Garza C, Benavides-Aguilar JA, Torres-Copado A, Isidoro-Sánchez J, Estrada-Meza C, Arvizu-Espinosa MG, Paul S, Cuevas-Diaz Duran R. Exploring the Potential Role of Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers for Predicting Clinical Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9984. [PMID: 37373139 PMCID: PMC10297903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is increasingly being used to reduce tumor burden prior to surgical resection. However, current techniques for assessing tumor response have significant limitations. Additionally, drug resistance is commonly observed, raising a need to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment sensitivity and survival outcomes. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have been shown to play a significant role in cancer progression as tumor inducers or suppressors. The expression of circulating miRNAs has been found to be significantly altered in breast cancer patients. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for predicting response to NAT. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview of recent studies that have demonstrated the potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for predicting the clinical response to NAT in BC patients. The findings of this review will strengthen future research on developing miRNA-based biomarkers and their translation into medical practice, which could significantly improve the clinical management of BC patients undergoing NAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico;
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico;
| | | | - Andrea Torres-Copado
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - José Isidoro-Sánchez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Carolina Estrada-Meza
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | | | - Sujay Paul
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
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16
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Hashemi M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ten Hagen TLM, Salimimoghadam S, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Falahati M. HMGA2 regulation by miRNAs in cancer: affecting cancer hallmarks and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106732. [PMID: 36931542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group A 2 (HMGA2) is a protein that modulates the structure of chromatin in the nucleus. Importantly, aberrant expression of HMGA2 occurs during carcinogenesis, and this protein is an upstream mediator of cancer hallmarks including evasion of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. HMGA2 targets critical signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR in cancer cells. Therefore, suppression of HMGA2 function notably decreases cancer progression and improves outcome in patients. As HMGA2 is mainly oncogenic, targeting expression by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is crucial to take into consideration since it affects HMGA2 function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to ncRNAs and are master regulators of vital cell processes, which affect all aspects of cancer hallmarks. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), other members of ncRNAs, are upstream mediators of miRNAs. The current review intends to discuss the importance of the miRNA/HMGA2 axis in modulation of various types of cancer, and mentions lncRNAs and circRNAs, which regulate this axis as upstream mediators. Finally, we discuss the effect of miRNAs and HMGA2 interactions on the response of cancer cells to therapy. Regarding the critical role of HMGA2 in regulation of critical signaling pathways in cancer cells, and considering the confirmed interaction between HMGA2 and one of the master regulators of cancer, miRNAs, targeting miRNA/HMGA2 axis in cancer therapy is promising and this could be the subject of future clinical trial experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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