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Liao Z, Tong B, Ke W, Yang C, Wu X, Lei M. Extracellular vesicles as carriers for mitochondria: Biological functions and clinical applications. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101935. [PMID: 39002687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the sorting mechanisms for their contents. Mitochondria can be selectively loaded into EVs, serving as a way to maintain cellular mitochondrial homeostasis. EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer has also been shown to greatly impact the function of target cells. Based on the mechanism of EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer, therapies can be developed to treat human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in the biogenesis and molecular composition of EVs. It also highlights the sorting and trafficking mechanisms of mitochondrial components into EVs. Furthermore, it explores the current role of EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer in the development of human diseases, as well as its diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bide Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Kumar R, Mishra N, Tran T, Kumar M, Vijayaraghavalu S, Gurusamy N. Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics. Cells 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38786076 PMCID: PMC11120430 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases continue to challenge global health, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. This review delves into the transformative role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in advancing cardiovascular therapeutics. Beginning with a historical perspective, we trace the development of stem cell research related to cardiovascular diseases, highlighting foundational therapeutic approaches and the evolution of cell-based treatments. Recognizing the inherent challenges of MSC-based cardiovascular therapeutics, which range from understanding the pro-reparative activity of MSCs to tailoring patient-specific treatments, we emphasize the need to refine the pro-regenerative capacity of these cells. Crucially, our focus then shifts to the strategies of the fourth generation of cell-based therapies: leveraging the secretomic prowess of MSCs, particularly the role of extracellular vesicles; integrating biocompatible scaffolds and artificial sheets to amplify MSCs' potential; adopting three-dimensional ex vivo propagation tailored to specific tissue niches; harnessing the promise of genetic modifications for targeted tissue repair; and institutionalizing good manufacturing practice protocols to ensure therapeutic safety and efficacy. We conclude with reflections on these advancements, envisaging a future landscape redefined by MSCs in cardiovascular regeneration. This review offers both a consolidation of our current understanding and a view toward imminent therapeutic horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Nitin Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Talan Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | | | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Liu Y, Wang L, Ai J, Li K. Mitochondria in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Key to Fate Determination and Therapeutic Potential. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:617-636. [PMID: 38265576 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become popular tool cells in the field of transformation and regenerative medicine due to their function of cell rescue and cell replacement. The dynamically changing mitochondria serve as an energy metabolism factory and signal transduction platform, adapting to different cell states and maintaining normal cell activities. Therefore, a clear understanding of the regulatory mechanism of mitochondria in MSCs is profit for more efficient clinical transformation of stem cells. This review highlights the cutting-edge knowledge regarding mitochondrial biology from the following aspects: mitochondrial morphological dynamics, energy metabolism and signal transduction. The manuscript mainly focuses on mitochondrial mechanistic insights in the whole life course of MSCs, as well as the potential roles played by mitochondria in MSCs treatment of transplantation, for seeking pivotal targets of stem cell fate regulation and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihui Ai
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kezhen Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Hovhannisyan Y, Li Z, Callon D, Suspène R, Batoumeni V, Canette A, Blanc J, Hocini H, Lefebvre C, El-Jahrani N, Kitsara M, L'honoré A, Kordeli E, Fornes P, Concordet JP, Tachdjian G, Rodriguez AM, Vartanian JP, Béhin A, Wahbi K, Joanne P, Agbulut O. Critical contribution of mitochondria in the development of cardiomyopathy linked to desmin mutation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:10. [PMID: 38167524 PMCID: PMC10763022 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond the observed alterations in cellular structure and mitochondria, the mechanisms linking rare genetic mutations to the development of heart failure in patients affected by desmin mutations remain unclear due in part, to the lack of relevant human cardiomyocyte models. METHODS To shed light on the role of mitochondria in these mechanisms, we investigated cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells carrying the heterozygous DESE439K mutation that were either isolated from a patient or generated by gene editing. To increase physiological relevance, cardiomyocytes were either cultured on an anisotropic micropatterned surface to obtain elongated and aligned cardiomyocytes, or as a cardiac spheroid to create a micro-tissue. Moreover, when applicable, results from cardiomyocytes were confirmed with heart biopsies of suddenly died patient of the same family harboring DESE439K mutation, and post-mortem heart samples from five control healthy donors. RESULTS The heterozygous DESE439K mutation leads to dramatic changes in the overall cytoarchitecture of cardiomyocytes, including cell size and morphology. Most importantly, mutant cardiomyocytes display altered mitochondrial architecture, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and metabolic activity reminiscent of defects observed in patient's heart tissue. Finally, to challenge the pathological mechanism, we transferred normal mitochondria inside the mutant cardiomyocytes and demonstrated that this treatment was able to restore mitochondrial and contractile functions of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights the deleterious effects of DESE439K mutation, demonstrates the crucial role of mitochondrial abnormalities in the pathophysiology of desmin-related cardiomyopathy, and opens up new potential therapeutic perspectives for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeranuhi Hovhannisyan
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Domitille Callon
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Rodolphe Suspène
- Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Batoumeni
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
- Ksilink, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexis Canette
- Service de Microscopie Électronique (IBPS-SME), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Blanc
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nora El-Jahrani
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Maria Kitsara
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aurore L'honoré
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ekaterini Kordeli
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul Fornes
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vartanian
- Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Béhin
- Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karim Wahbi
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joanne
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 7, Quai St Bernard (case 256), 75005, Paris, France.
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Mukkala AN, Jerkic M, Khan Z, Szaszi K, Kapus A, Rotstein O. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15788. [PMID: 37958771 PMCID: PMC10647450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus of intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs have multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors and exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis and the resolution of injury/inflammation. The main effects of MSCs include modulation of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of mitochondria (Mt) to injured cells. These actions can be enhanced by priming (i.e., licensing) MSCs prior to exposure to deleterious microenvironments. Preclinical evidence suggests that MSCs can exert therapeutic effects in a variety of pathological states, including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, and neurological diseases. One of the key emerging beneficial actions of MSCs is the improvement of mitochondrial functions in the injured tissues by enhancing mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent advances in the understanding of cellular MQC, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission, and fusion, helped uncover how MSCs enhance these processes. Specifically, MSCs have been suggested to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)-dependent biogenesis, Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Mitofusins (Mfn1/2) or Dynamin Related Protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated fission/fusion. In addition, previous studies also verified mitochondrial transfer from MSCs through tunneling nanotubes and via microvesicular transport. Combined, these effects improve mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the resolution of injury and inflammation. Thus, uncovering how MSCs affect MQC opens new therapeutic avenues for organ injury, and the transplantation of MSC-derived mitochondria to injured tissues might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Naraiah Mukkala
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mirjana Jerkic
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
| | - Zahra Khan
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ori Rotstein
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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