1
|
Ding X, Yue P, Li X, Jia Y, Fang R, Li E, Wu X, Zhou H, Song X. Evaluation of nintedanib efficacy: Attenuating the lens fibrosis in vitro and vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112334. [PMID: 38815350 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Organ fibrosis is a huge challenge in clinic. There are no drugs for fibrotic cataracts treatments in clinic. Nintedanib is approved by the FDA for pulmonary fibrosis treatments. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of nintedanib on fibrotic cataracts. METHODS Drug efficacy was validated through TGFβ2-induced cell models and injury-induced anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) mice. A slit lamp and the eosin staining technique were applied to access the degree of capsular fibrosis. The CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the toxicity and anti-proliferation ability of the drug. The cell migration was determined by wound healing assay and transwell assay. The anti-epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anti-fibrosis efficacy were evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence. The inhibition of nintedanib to signaling pathways was certified by immunoblot. RESULTS Nintedanib inhibited the migration and proliferation of TGFβ2-induced cell models. Nintedanib can also repress the EMT and fibrosis of the lens epithelial cells. The intracameral injection of nintedanib can also allay the anterior subcapsular opacification in ASC mice. The TGFβ2/ Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways can be blocked by nintedanib in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Nintedanib alleviates fibrotic cataracts by suppressing the TGFβ2/ Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. Nintedanib is a potential drug for lens fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Ding
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Peilin Yue
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nan Kai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Jia
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Enjie Li
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nan Kai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nan Kai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xudong Song
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma M, Lv Y, Zhang K, Zhou L. RASFF1A inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells induced by TGFβ through regulating HDAC6. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102325. [PMID: 38394972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
To explore the role of Ras-association domain family 1 A (RASSF1A) in TGFβ2-induced changes of lens epithelial cells (LECs) behavior. The human LEC line SRA01/04 cells were treated with TGFβ2 in the presence or absence of RASSF1A and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to analysis mRNA and proteins expression. Cell proliferation was evaluated using MTT assay and colony formation assay. Transwell and scratch-wound healing assays were conducted to detected cell migration ability. RASSF1A was downregulated in TGFβ2-induced SRA01/04 cells. RASSF1A overexpression inhibited the cell viability, colony formation and migration abilities of SRA01/04 cells induced by TGFβ2. Overexpression of RASSF1A suppressed TGFβ2-induced EMT of SRA01/04 cells, which was manifested as inhibition of EMT-related proteins α-SMA, Vimentin, Snail and Fn expression. Moreover, RASSF1A down-regulated the expression of HDAC6. Importantly, HDAC6 reversed the effects of RASSF1A on SRA01/04 cells. These findings indicate that RASSF1A prevented TGFβ2-induced proliferation, migration, and EMT of LECs by regulating HDAC6 expression, suggesting that RASSF1A holds promise as a potential target for cataracts treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Yunkai Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuyao Maternity And Child Health Care Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Chen S, Bao S, Yao L, Wen Z, Xu L, Chen X, Guo S, Pang H, Zhou Y, Zhou P. Deciphering the fibrotic process: mechanism of chronic radiation skin injury fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338922. [PMID: 38426100 PMCID: PMC10902513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the mechanisms of chronic radiation-induced skin injury fibrosis, focusing on the transition from acute radiation damage to a chronic fibrotic state. It reviewed the cellular and molecular responses of the skin to radiation, highlighting the role of myofibroblasts and the significant impact of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) in promoting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation. The review delves into the epigenetic regulation of fibrotic gene expression, the contribution of extracellular matrix proteins to the fibrotic microenvironment, and the regulation of the immune system in the context of fibrosis. Additionally, it discusses the potential of biomaterials and artificial intelligence in medical research to advance the understanding and treatment of radiation-induced skin fibrosis, suggesting future directions involving bioinformatics and personalized therapeutic strategies to enhance patient quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Wang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shouying Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuilan Bao
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Yao
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Wen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengmin Guo
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haowen Pang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jing RH, Hu CH, Qi TT, Ma B. Role of reactive oxygen species in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1935-1941. [PMID: 38111943 PMCID: PMC10700083 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). METHODS Flow cytometry was used to assess ROS production after transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) induction. Apoptosis of HLECs after H2O2 and TGF-β2 interference with or without ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were assessed by flow cytometry. The corresponding protein expression levels of the EMT marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the extracellular matrix (ECM), marker fibronectin (Fn), and apoptosis-associated proteins were detected by using Western blotting in the presence of an ROS scavenger (NAC). Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the migration capability of HLECs. RESULTS TGF-β2 stimulates ROS production within 8h in HLECs. Additionally, TGF-β2 induced HLECs cell apoptosis, EMT/ECM synthesis protein markers expression, and pro-apoptotic proteins production; nonetheless, NAC treatment prevented these responses. Similarly, TGF-β2 promoted HLECs cell migration, whereas NAC inhibited cell migration. We further determined that although ROS initiated apoptosis, it only induced the accumulation of the EMT marker α-SMA protein, but not COL-1 or Fn. CONCLUSION ROS contribute to TGF-β2-induced EMT/ECM synthesis and cell apoptosis of HLECs; however, ROS alone are not sufficient for EMT/ECM synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cong-Hui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tian-Tian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Piano M, Cacciamani A, Balzamino BO, Scarinci F, Cosimi P, Cafiero C, Ripandelli G, Micera A. Biomarker Signature in Aqueous Humor Mirrors Lens Epithelial Cell Activation: New Biomolecular Aspects from Cataractogenic Myopia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1328. [PMID: 37759728 PMCID: PMC10526747 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory, vasculogenic, and profibrogenic factors have been previously reported in vitreous (VH) and aqueous (AH) humors in myopic patients who underwent cataract surgery. In light of this, we selected some mediators for AH and anterior-capsule-bearing lens epithelial cell (AC/LEC) analysis, and AH expression was correlated with LEC activation (epithelial-mesenchymal transition and EMT differentiation) and axial length (AL) elongation. In this study, AH (97; 41M/56F) and AC/LEC samples (78; 35M/43F) were collected from 102 patients who underwent surgery, and biosamples were grouped according to AL elongation. Biomolecular analyses were carried out for AH and LECs, while microscopical analyses were restricted to whole flattened AC/LECs. The results showed increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and angiopoietin-2 (ANG)-2 and decreased levels of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF)-A were detected in AH depending on AL elongation. LECs showed EMT differentiation as confirmed by the expression of smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-βR1/TGFβ isoforms. A differential expression of IL-6R/IL-6, IL-8R/IL-8, and VEGF-R1/VEGF was observed in the LECs, and this expression correlated with AL elongation. The higher VEGF-A and lower VEGF-D transcript expressions were detected in highly myopic LECs, while no significant changes were monitored for VEGF-R transcripts. In conclusion, these findings provide a strong link between the AH protein signature and the EMT phenotype. Furthermore, the low VEGF-A/ANG-2 and the high VEGF-A/VEGF-D ratios in myopic AH might suggest a specific inflammatory and profibrogenic pattern in high myopia. The highly myopic AH profile might be a potential candidate for rating anterior chamber inflammation and predicting retinal distress at the time of cataract surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Piano
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (B.O.B.)
| | - Andrea Cacciamani
- Surgical Retina Research Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (F.S.); (P.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (B.O.B.)
| | - Fabio Scarinci
- Surgical Retina Research Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (F.S.); (P.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Pamela Cosimi
- Surgical Retina Research Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (F.S.); (P.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Concetta Cafiero
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy;
| | - Guido Ripandelli
- Surgical Retina Research Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (F.S.); (P.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (B.O.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gerhart J, George-Weinstein M. Myo/Nog Cells: The Jekylls and Hydes of the Lens. Cells 2023; 12:1725. [PMID: 37443759 PMCID: PMC10340492 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review a unique and versatile lineage composed of Myo/Nog cells that may be beneficial or detrimental depending on their environment and nature of the pathological stimuli they are exposed to. While we will focus on the lens, related Myo/Nog cell behaviors and functions in other tissues are integrated into the narrative of our research that spans over three decades, examines multiple species and progresses from early stages of embryonic development to aging adults. Myo/Nog cells were discovered in the embryonic epiblast by their co-expression of the skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor MyoD, the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1. They were tracked from the epiblast into the developing lens, revealing heterogeneity of cell types within this structure. Depletion of Myo/Nog cells in the epiblast results in eye malformations arising from the absence of Noggin. In the adult lens, Myo/Nog cells are the source of myofibroblasts whose contractions produce wrinkles in the capsule. Eliminating this population within the rabbit lens during cataract surgery reduces posterior capsule opacification to below clinically significant levels. Parallels are drawn between the therapeutic potential of targeting Myo/Nog cells to prevent fibrotic disease in the lens and other ocular tissues.
Collapse
|