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Spanagel R, Bach P, Banaschewski T, Beck A, Bermpohl F, Bernardi RE, Beste C, Deserno L, Durstewitz D, Ebner‐Priemer U, Endrass T, Ersche KD, Feld G, Gerchen MF, Gerlach B, Goschke T, Hansson AC, Heim C, Kiebel S, Kiefer F, Kirsch P, Kirschbaum C, Koppe G, Lenz B, Liu S, Marxen M, Meinhardt MW, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Montag C, Müller CP, Nagel WE, Oliveria AMM, Owald D, Pilhatsch M, Priller J, Rapp MA, Reichert M, Ripke S, Ritter K, Romanczuk‐Seiferth N, Schlagenhauf F, Schwarz E, Schwöbel S, Smolka MN, Soekadar SR, Sommer WH, Stock A, Ströhle A, Tost H, Vollstädt‐Klein S, Walter H, Waschke T, Witt SH, Heinz A. The ReCoDe addiction research consortium: Losing and regaining control over drug intake-Findings and future perspectives. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13419. [PMID: 38949209 PMCID: PMC11215792 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are seen as a continuum ranging from goal-directed and hedonic drug use to loss of control over drug intake with aversive consequences for mental and physical health and social functioning. The main goals of our interdisciplinary German collaborative research centre on Losing and Regaining Control over Drug Intake (ReCoDe) are (i) to study triggers (drug cues, stressors, drug priming) and modifying factors (age, gender, physical activity, cognitive functions, childhood adversity, social factors, such as loneliness and social contact/interaction) that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption under real-life conditions. (ii) To study underlying behavioural, cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of disease trajectories and drug-related behaviours and (iii) to provide non-invasive mechanism-based interventions. These goals are achieved by: (A) using innovative mHealth (mobile health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers and modifying factors on drug consumption patterns in real life in a cohort of 900 patients with alcohol use disorder. This approach will be complemented by animal models of addiction with 24/7 automated behavioural monitoring across an entire disease trajectory; i.e. from a naïve state to a drug-taking state to an addiction or resilience-like state. (B) The identification and, if applicable, computational modelling of key molecular, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms (e.g., reduced cognitive flexibility) mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on disease trajectories. (C) Developing and testing non-invasive interventions (e.g., Just-In-Time-Adaptive-Interventions (JITAIs), various non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), individualized physical activity) that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake. Here, we will report on the most important results of the first funding period and outline our future research strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction MedicineCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of HealthHealth and Medical University PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Campus St. Hedwig HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Rick E. Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive NeurophysiologyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the University Neuropsychology Center (UNC)DresdenGermany
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Hospital and University WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Durstewitz
- Department of Theoretical NeuroscienceCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Ulrich Ebner‐Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports ScienceKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Faculty of PsychologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction MedicineCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gordon Feld
- Department of Clinical PsychologyCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
| | | | - Björn Gerlach
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Faculty of PsychologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Anita Christiane Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Christine Heim
- Institute of Medical PsychologyCharité, Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Kiebel
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, Faculty of PsychologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction MedicineCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical PsychologyCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Georgia Koppe
- Department of Theoretical NeuroscienceCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction MedicineCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCampus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Michael Marxen
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Marcus W. Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Christiane Montag
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Campus St. Hedwig HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Clinic, Friedrich‐Alexander‐University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Wolfgang E. Nagel
- Center for Information Services and High Performance ComputingDresdenGermany
| | - Ana M. M. Oliveria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Cognition Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - David Owald
- Institute of NeurophysiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Maximilian Pilhatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Munich‐AugsburgGermany
| | - Michael A. Rapp
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Research Area Cognitive SciencesUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin‐PotsdamBerlinGermany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport ScienceRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCampus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Kerstin Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCampus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Nina Romanczuk‐Seiferth
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of PsychologyMSB Medical School BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Sarah Schwöbel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Surjo R. Soekadar
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCampus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Wolfgang H. Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Bethanien Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Ann‐Kathrin Stock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCampus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim‐Heidelberg‐UlmGermany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt‐Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction MedicineCentral Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermany
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCampus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Tina Waschke
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, ZIPP BiobankCentral Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCampus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin‐PotsdamBerlinGermany
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Szafoni S, Gręblowski P, Grabowska K, Więckiewicz G. Unlocking the healing power of psilocybin: an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1406888. [PMID: 38919636 PMCID: PMC11196758 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to traditional treatment methods is still a major obstacle in modern psychiatry. As a result, several studies are currently being conducted to find effective alternatives to traditional therapies. One of these alternatives is psilocybin, a psychedelic substance that has been tested in clinical trials as an adjunct to psychotherapy. These studies focus on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorder (SUD), particularly alcohol and nicotine dependence. This article looks at the current understanding of psilocybin, including data from clinical trials conducted, psilocybin's mechanism of action, its safety and the level of risk associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Szafoni
- Students’ Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Gręblowski
- Students’ Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Grabowska
- Students’ Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gniewko Więckiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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3
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Hilal FF, Jeanblanc J, Deschamps C, Naassila M, Pierrefiche O, Ben Hamida S. Epigenetic drugs and psychedelics as emerging therapies for alcohol use disorder: insights from preclinical studies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:525-561. [PMID: 38554193 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a public health issue that affects millions of people worldwide leading to physical, mental and socio-economic consequences. While current treatments for AUD have provided relief to individuals, their effectiveness on the long term is often limited, leaving a number of affected individuals without sustainable solutions. In this review, we aim to explore two emerging approaches for AUD: psychedelics and epigenetic drugs (i.e., epidrugs). By examining preclinical studies, different animal species and procedures, we delve into the potential benefits of each of these treatments in terms of addictive behaviors (alcohol drinking and seeking, motivation to drink alcohol and prevention of relapse). Because psychedelics and epidrugs may share common and complementary mechanisms of action, there is an exciting opportunity for exploring synergies between these approaches and their parallel effectiveness in treating AUD and the diverse associated psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd François Hilal
- INSERM UMR 1247-Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil - Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Jerome Jeanblanc
- INSERM UMR 1247-Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil - Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Chloé Deschamps
- INSERM UMR 1247-Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil - Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Mickael Naassila
- INSERM UMR 1247-Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil - Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, 80025, Amiens, France.
| | - Olivier Pierrefiche
- INSERM UMR 1247-Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil - Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Sami Ben Hamida
- INSERM UMR 1247-Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil - Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, 80025, Amiens, France.
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4
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Staudt M, Liu N, Malhaire F, Doroudian Y, Prézeau L, Renard E, Hasanpour Z, Pin JP, Bunch L. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of conformationally restricted 2-amino-Adipic acid analogs and carboxycyclopropyl glycines as selective metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116157. [PMID: 38245976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors (mGluRs) are G-protein coupled receptors, which play a central role in modulating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, the development of tool compounds thereto, continues to interest the scientific community. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of new conformationally restricted 2-aminoadipic acid (2AA) 2-4, and glutamic acid 5, 6 analogs, which share the cyclopropane ring as the restrictor. The analogs were characterized at rat mGlu1-8 in an IP-One functional assay. While the 2AA analogs 3a, 4a and CCG-I analog 5a were shown to be selective mGlu2 agonists with low micromolar potencies, CCG-II analog 5b was shown to be a potent full agonist at mGlu2 (EC50 = 82 nM) with ∼15-fold selectivity over mGlu3, >25-fold selectivity over group III, and >60-fold selectivity over group I subtypes. An in silico study was performed to address this significant change (>3500 fold) in potency upon introduction of this methyl group (L-CCG-II vs 5b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Yasaman Doroudian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Renard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zahra Hasanpour
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Liu N, Eshak F, Malhaire F, Brabet I, Prézeau L, Renard E, Pin JP, Acher FC, Staudt M, Bunch L. Design, Synthesis, Pharmacology, and In Silico Studies of (1 S,2 S,3 S)-2-(( S)-Amino(carboxy)methyl)-3-(carboxymethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid (LBG30300): A Picomolar Potency Subtype-Selective mGlu 2 Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1314-1326. [PMID: 38170918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors (mGlu receptors) play a key role in modulating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we report the structure-based design and pharmacological evaluation of densely functionalized, conformationally restricted glutamate analogue (1S,2S,3S)-2-((S)-amino(carboxy)methyl)-3-(carboxymethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (LBG30300). LBG30300 was synthesized in a stereocontrolled fashion in nine steps from a commercially available optically active epoxide. Functional characterization of all eight mGlu receptor subtypes showed that LBG30300 is a picomolar agonist at mGlu2 with excellent selectivity over mGlu3 and the other six mGlu receptor subtypes. Bioavailability studies on mice (IV administration) confirm CNS exposure, and an in silico study predicts a binding mode of LBG30300 which induces a flipping of Tyr144 to allow for a salt bridge interaction of the acetate group with Arg271. The Tyr144 residue now prevents Arg271 from interacting with Asp146, which is a residue of differentiation between mGlu2 and mGlu3 and thus could explain the observed subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Floriane Eshak
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, SPPIN CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Brabet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Renard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Francine C Acher
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, SPPIN CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
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Reinwald JR, Schmitz CN, Skorodumov I, Kuchar M, Weber-Fahr W, Spanagel R, Meinhardt MW. Psilocybin-induced default mode network hypoconnectivity is blunted in alcohol-dependent rats. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:392. [PMID: 38097569 PMCID: PMC10721862 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) adversely affects the lives of millions of people, but still lacks effective treatment options. Recent advancements in psychedelic research suggest psilocybin to be potentially efficacious for AUD. However, major knowledge gaps remain regarding (1) psilocybin's general mode of action and (2) AUD-specific alterations of responsivity to psilocybin treatment in the brain that are crucial for treatment development. Here, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover pharmaco-fMRI study on psilocybin effects using a translational approach with healthy rats and a rat model of alcohol relapse. Psilocybin effects were quantified with resting-state functional connectivity using data-driven whole-brain global brain connectivity, network-based statistics, graph theory, hypothesis-driven Default Mode Network (DMN)-specific connectivity, and entropy analyses. Results demonstrate that psilocybin induced an acute wide-spread decrease in different functional connectivity domains together with a distinct increase of connectivity between serotonergic core regions and cortical areas. We could further provide translational evidence for psilocybin-induced DMN hypoconnectivity reported in humans. Psilocybin showed an AUD-specific blunting of DMN hypoconnectivity, which strongly correlated to the alcohol relapse intensity and was mainly driven by medial prefrontal regions. In conclusion, our results provide translational validity for acute psilocybin-induced neural effects in the rodent brain. Furthermore, alcohol relapse severity was negatively correlated with neural responsivity to psilocybin treatment. Our data suggest that a clinical standard dose of psilocybin may not be sufficient to treat severe AUD cases; a finding that should be considered for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Reinwald
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group Systems Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian N Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Skorodumov
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Weber-Fahr
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus W Meinhardt
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Hornick MG, Stefanski A. Hallucinogenic potential: a review of psychoplastogens for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1221719. [PMID: 37675046 PMCID: PMC10477608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1221719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is entering its fourth decade of the opioid epidemic with no clear end in sight. At the center of the epidemic is an increase in opioid use disorder (OUD), a complex condition encompassing physical addiction, psychological comorbidities, and socioeconomic and legal travails associated with the misuse and abuse of opioids. Existing behavioral and medication-assisted therapies show limited efficacy as they are hampered by lack of access, strict regimens, and failure to fully address the non-pharmacological aspects of the disease. A growing body of research has indicated the potential of hallucinogens to efficaciously and expeditiously treat addictions, including OUD, by a novel combination of pharmacology, neuroplasticity, and psychological mechanisms. Nonetheless, research into these compounds has been hindered due to legal, social, and safety concerns. This review will examine the preclinical and clinical evidence that psychoplastogens, such as ibogaine, ketamine, and classic psychedelics, may offer a unique, holistic alternative for the treatment of OUD while acknowledging that further research is needed to establish long-term efficacy along with proper safety and ethical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. Hornick
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL, United States
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