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Wang Q, Chen S, Wu Z, Ni J. Clinicopathologic significance of heat shock protein 60 as a survival predictor in breast carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1415762. [PMID: 39224812 PMCID: PMC11366582 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1415762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60) has been linked to human tumor, its clinic significance specifically in breast carcinoma is unclear. This investigation aims to retrospectively evaluate how HSP60 protein levels relate to survival outcomes among patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma. Methods Evaluation of 206 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma and receiving treatment from January 2012 to April 2018, carried out retrospectively. The protein level of HSP60 in breast carcinoma determined by immunohistochemical. Results The study provided evidence of a distinct upregulation of HSP60 expression in breast carcinoma tumor samples in contrast to adjacent normal tissue samples. Additionally, heightened HSP60 expression was linked to advanced T stage (P = 0.046), N stage (P = 0.034), tumor metastasis (P = 0.016), pathological grading (P = 0.012), and adjuvant therapy utilization (P = 0.004). Moreover, elevated levels of HSP60 proteins exhibited a significant inverse correlation with overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.598, P = 0.018] and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 1.600, P = 0.017) among breast carcinoma patients in univariate analyses. The results of multivariate analyses highlighted HSP60 may serve as an independent predictor for both OS and PFS in breast carcinoma patients (HR 1.525, P = 0.034; HR 1.528, P = 0.033, respectively). Conclusion The involvement of HSP60 in breast carcinoma progression suggests its potential clinical relevance in treatment target validation and prognostic assessment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Oncology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
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Valdez-Salazar F, Jiménez-Del Rio LA, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Valle Y, Muñoz-Valle JF, Valdés-Alvarado E. Advances in Melanoma: From Genetic Insights to Therapeutic Innovations. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1851. [PMID: 39200315 PMCID: PMC11351162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in melanoma research have unveiled critical insights into its genetic and molecular landscape, leading to significant therapeutic innovations. This review explores the intricate interplay between genetic alterations, such as mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT, and melanoma pathogenesis. The MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways are highlighted for their roles in tumor growth and resistance mechanisms. Additionally, this review delves into the impact of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, on melanoma progression. The tumor microenvironment, characterized by immune cells, stromal cells, and soluble factors, plays a pivotal role in modulating tumor behavior and treatment responses. Emerging technologies like single-cell sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9, and AI-driven diagnostics are transforming melanoma research, offering precise and personalized approaches to treatment. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors and personalized mRNA vaccines, has revolutionized melanoma therapy by enhancing the body's immune response. Despite these advances, resistance mechanisms remain a challenge, underscoring the need for combined therapies and ongoing research to achieve durable therapeutic responses. This comprehensive overview aims to highlight the current state of melanoma research and the transformative impacts of these advancements on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Valdés-Alvarado
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.V.-S.)
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Rajendran P. Unveiling the power of flavonoids: A dynamic exploration of their impact on cancer through matrix metalloproteinases regulation. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2024; 14:12-28. [PMID: 38939095 PMCID: PMC11204124 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stands as a significant contributor to global mortality rates, primarily driven by its progression and widespread dissemination. Despite notable strides in cancer therapy, the efficacy of current treatment strategies is compromised due to their inherent toxicity and the emergence of chemoresistance. Consequently, there is a critical need to evaluate alternative therapeutic approaches, with natural compounds emerging as promising candidates, showcasing demonstrated anticancer capabilities in various research models. This review manuscript presents a comprehensive examination of the regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and delves into the potential therapeutic role of flavonoids as agents exhibiting specific anticancer activity against MMPs. The primary aim of this study is to elucidate the diverse functions associated with MMP production in cancer and to investigate the potential of flavonoids in modulating MMP expression to inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ferreira A, Castanheira P, Escrevente C, Barral DC, Barona T. Membrane trafficking alterations in breast cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1350097. [PMID: 38533085 PMCID: PMC10963426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1350097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women, and remains one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. It is now well established that alterations in membrane trafficking are implicated in BC progression. Indeed, membrane trafficking pathways regulate BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The 22 members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and the >60 members of the rat sarcoma (RAS)-related in brain (RAB) families of small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases), which belong to the RAS superfamily, are master regulators of membrane trafficking pathways. ARF-like (ARL) subfamily members are involved in various processes, including vesicle budding and cargo selection. Moreover, ARFs regulate cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction. RABs are key regulators of all steps of membrane trafficking. Interestingly, the activity and/or expression of some of these proteins is found dysregulated in BC. Here, we review how the processes regulated by ARFs and RABs are subverted in BC, including secretion/exocytosis, endocytosis/recycling, autophagy/lysosome trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, integrin-mediated signaling, among others. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by ARF and RAB family members, as well as their regulators in BC progression, aiming to lay the foundation for future research in this field. This research should focus on further dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulated by ARFs and RABs that are subverted in BC, and exploring their use as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers.
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Wongsawatkul O, Buachan P, Jaisin Y, Busarakumtragul P, Chainakul S, Watanapokasin R, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. Effects of barakol from Cassia siamea on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line: A potential combined therapy with doxorubicin. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24694. [PMID: 38318050 PMCID: PMC10839565 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Management of neuroblastoma is challenging because of poor response to drugs, chemotherapy resistance, high relapse, and treatment failures. Doxorubicin is a potent anticancer drug commonly used for neuroblastoma treatment. However, doxorubicin induces considerable toxicities, particularly those caused by oxidative-related damage. To minimize drug-induced adverse effects, the combined use of anticancer drugs with natural-derived compounds possessing antioxidant properties has become an interesting treatment strategy. Barakol is a major compound found in Cassia siamea, an edible plant with antioxidant and anticancer properties. Therefore, barakol could potentially be used in combination with doxorubicin to synergize the anticancer effect, while minimizing the oxidative-related toxicities. Herein, the potential of barakol (0.0043-43.0 μM) to synergize the anticancer effect of low-dose doxorubicin (0.5 and 1.0 μM) was investigated. Results indicated that barakol could enhance the cytotoxic effect of low-dose doxorubicin by affecting the cell viability of the treated cells. Furthermore, the co-treatment with barakol and low-dose doxorubicin decreased the levels of intracellular ROS when compared with the control. Moreover, the antimetastatic effect of the barakol itself was studied through its ability to inhibit metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) activity and prevent cell migration. Results revealed that the barakol inhibited MMP-3 activity and prevented cell migration in time- and dose-dependent manners. Additionally, barakol was a non-cytotoxic agent against the normal tested cell line (MRC-5), which suggested its selectivity and safety. Taken together, barakol could be a promising compound to be further developed for combination treatment with low-dose doxorubicin to improve therapeutic effectiveness but decrease drug-induced toxicities. The inhibitory effects of barakol on MMP-3 activity and cancer cell migration also supported its potential to be developed as an antimetastatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapin Wongsawatkul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Paiwan Buachan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Yamaratee Jaisin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Panaree Busarakumtragul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Sunan Chainakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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Zhou J, Lan F, Liu M, Wang F, Ning X, Yang H, Sun H. Hypoxia inducible factor-1ɑ as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1350187. [PMID: 38327979 PMCID: PMC10847273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1350187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue. Pulmonary metastasis is usually present upon initial diagnosis, and metastasis is the primary factor affecting the poor prognosis of patients with OS. Current research shows that the ability to regulate the cellular microenvironment is essential for preventing the distant metastasis of OS, and anoxic microenvironments are important features of solid tumors. During hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression levels and stability increase. Increased HIF-1α promotes tumor vascular remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and OS cells invasiveness; this leads to distant metastasis of OS cells. HIF-1α plays an essential role in the mechanisms of OS metastasis. In order to develop precise prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets for OS treatment, this review examines the molecular mechanisms of HIF-1α in the distant metastasis of OS cells; the signal transduction pathways mediated by HIF-1α are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fengjun Lan
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Maoga JB, Riaz MA, Mwaura AN, Mecha E, Omwandho COA, Scheiner-Bobis G, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. Analysis of Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP14) in Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium and in Serum and Endocervical Mucus of Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2730. [PMID: 37893104 PMCID: PMC10604514 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane type-matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are a subgroup of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family and are key molecules in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP14) is often deregulated in different cancer tissues and body fluids of human cancer patients; however, MT1-MMP levels in endometriosis and adenomyosis patients are currently unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples from patients with and without endometriosis or adenomyosis were analyzed with immunohistochemistry for the localization of MT1-MMP. Serum and endocervical mucus samples from patients with and without endometriosis or adenomyosis were investigated with MT1-MMP ELISAs. RESULTS MT1-MMP was localized preferentially in the glands of eutopic and ectopic endometrium. MT1-MMP protein levels are significantly reduced in ovarian endometriosis (HSCORE = 31) versus eutopic endometrium (HSCORE = 91) and adenomyosis (HSCORE = 149), but significantly increased in adenomyosis (HSCORE = 149) compared to eutopic endometrium (HSCORE = 91). Similarly, analysis of the levels of MT1-MMP using enzyme-linked immune assays (ELISAs) demonstrated a significant increase in the concentrations of MT1-MMP in the serum of endometriosis patients (1.3 ± 0.8) versus controls (0.7 ± 0.2), but not in the endocervical mucus. Furthermore, MT1-MMP levels in the endocervical mucus of patients with endometriosis were notably reduced in patients using contraception (3.2 ± 0.4) versus those without contraception (3.8 ± 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings showed an opposite regulation of MT1-MMP in the tissue of ovarian endometriosis and adenomyosis compared to eutopic endometrium without endometriosis but increased serum levels in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane B. Maoga
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.N.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Muhammad A. Riaz
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.N.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Agnes N. Mwaura
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.N.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Ezekiel Mecha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya;
| | - Charles O. A. Omwandho
- Department of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya P.O. Box 143-10300, Kenya;
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.N.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.N.M.); (I.M.-H.)
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