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Zhang M, Wei T, Guo D. The role of abnormal ubiquitination in hepatocellular carcinoma pathology. Cell Signal 2024; 114:110994. [PMID: 38036196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is known for its high incidence and fatality rate. Over the years, therapeutic strategies for primary liver cancer have advanced significantly. Nonetheless, a substantial number of patients have not benefited from these methods, underscoring the pressing need for new and effective treatments for primary liver cancer. Ubiquitination is a critical post-translational modification that enables proteins to fulfill their normal biological functions and maintain their expression stability within cells. Importantly, increasing evidence suggests that the progression of liver cancer cells is often accompanied by disruptions in protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes. In this comprehensive review, we have compiled pertinent research about dysregulated ubiquitination in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to broaden our understanding in this field. We elucidate the connections between the ubiquitination proteasome system, deubiquitination, and HCC. Furthermore, we shed light on the role of ubiquitination in cells situated within the tumor microenvironment of HCC including its involvement in mediating the activation of oncogenic pathways, reprogramming metabolic processes, and perturbing normal cellular functions. In conclusion, targeting the dysregulation of ubiquitination in HCC holds promise as a prospective and complementary therapeutic approach to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Tingju Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Danfeng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Structures of UBA6 explain its dual specificity for ubiquitin and FAT10. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4789. [PMID: 35970836 PMCID: PMC9378703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The covalent modification of target proteins with ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like modifiers is initiated by E1 activating enzymes, which typically transfer a single modifier onto cognate conjugating enzymes. UBA6 is an unusual E1 since it activates two highly distinct modifiers, ubiquitin and FAT10. Here, we report crystal structures of UBA6 in complex with either ATP or FAT10. In the UBA6-FAT10 complex, the C-terminal domain of FAT10 binds to where ubiquitin resides in the UBA1-ubiquitin complex, however, a switch element ensures the alternate recruitment of either modifier. Simultaneously, the N-terminal domain of FAT10 interacts with the 3-helix bundle of UBA6. Site-directed mutagenesis identifies residues permitting the selective activation of either ubiquitin or FAT10. These results pave the way for studies investigating the activation of either modifier by UBA6 in physiological and pathophysiological settings. UBA6 is an E1 enzyme that can activate both ubiquitin and FAT10. Here, the authors employ X-ray crystallography and biochemical techniques to explain this dual specificity, and identify UBA6 variants that are selectively impaired in the activation of either ubiquitin or FAT10.
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Odabasi E, Turan M. The importance of body core temperature evaluation in balneotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:25-33. [PMID: 34623501 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is not wrong to say that there are no application standards or best practices in balneotherapy considering traditional applications. There is not enough information about how changes in body temperature, duration, and frequency of exposure to heat affect therapeutic outcomes of balneotherapeutic applications. Body core temperature (BCT) is probably the best parameter for expressing the heat load of the body and can be used to describe the causal relationship between heat exposure and its effects. There are several reasons to take BCT changes into account; for example, it can be used for individualized treatment planning, defining the consequences of thermal effects, developing disease-specific approaches, avoiding adverse effects, and designing clinical trials. The reasons why BCT changes should be considered instead of conventional measures will be discussed while explaining the effects of balneotherapy in this article, along with a discussion of BCT measurement in balneotherapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Odabasi
- Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Science, Gulhane EAH, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Turan
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, TOBB Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Sitnikov DS, Ilina IV, Revkova VA, Rodionov SA, Gurova SA, Shatalova RO, Kovalev AV, Ovchinnikov AV, Chefonov OV, Konoplyannikov MA, Kalsin VA, Baklaushev VP. Effects of high intensity non-ionizing terahertz radiation on human skin fibroblasts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7122-7138. [PMID: 34858704 PMCID: PMC8606137 DOI: 10.1364/boe.440460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the data have been obtained on the effects of high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation (with the intensity of 30 GW/cm2, electric field strength of 3.5 MV/cm) on human skin fibroblasts. A quantitative estimation of the number of histone Н2АХ foci of phosphorylation was performed. The number of foci per cell was studied depending on the irradiation time, as well as on the THz pulse energy. The performed studies have shown that the appearance of the foci is not related to either the oxidative stress (the cells preserve their morphology, cytoskeleton structure, and the reactive oxygen species content does not exceed the control values), or the thermal effect of THz radiation. The prolonged irradiation of fibroblasts also did not result in a decrease of their proliferative index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A. Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Rodionov
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Gurova
- National Research nuclear University MEPhI Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Rimma O. Shatalova
- National Research nuclear University MEPhI Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kovalev
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Ovchinnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Chefonov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Scieglinska D, Krawczyk Z, Sojka DR, Gogler-Pigłowska A. Heat shock proteins in the physiology and pathophysiology of epidermal keratinocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1027-1044. [PMID: 31734893 PMCID: PMC6882751 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a large group of highly evolutionary conserved proteins, are considered to be main elements of the cellular proteoprotection system. HSPs are encoded by genes activated during the exposure of cells to proteotoxic factors, as well as by genes that are expressed constitutively under physiological conditions. HSPs, having properties of molecular chaperones, are involved in controlling/modulation of multiple cellular and physiological processes. In the presented review, we summarize the current knowledge on HSPs in the biology of epidermis, the outer skin layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium. This tissue has a vital barrier function preventing from dehydratation due to passive diffusion of water out of the skin, and protecting from infection and other environmental insults. We focused on HSPB1 (HSP27), HSPA1 (HSP70), HSPA2, and HSPC (HSP90), because only these HSPs have been studied in the context of physiology and pathophysiology of the epidermis. The analysis of literature data shows that HSPB1 plays a role in the regulation of final steps of keratinization; HSPA1 is involved in the cytoprotection, HSPA2 contributes to the early steps of keratinocyte differentiation, while HSPC is essential in the re-epithelialization process. Since HSPs have diverse functions in various types of somatic tissues, in spite of multiple investigations, open questions still remain about detailed roles of a particular HSP isoform in the biology of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Zdzisław Krawczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
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6
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Small heat shock proteins in the amphibian Pelophylax bergeri: Cloning and characterization of Hsp27 and Hsp30 cDNAs and their expression analysis in ex vivo skin exposed to abiotic stresses. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Wang F, Zhao B. UBA6 and Its Bispecific Pathways for Ubiquitin and FAT10. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092250. [PMID: 31067743 PMCID: PMC6539292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Questions have been raised since the discovery of UBA6 and its significant coexistence with UBE1 in the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The facts that UBA6 has the dedicated E2 enzyme USE1 and the E1–E2 cascade can activate and transfer both ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 have attracted a great deal of attention to the regulational mechanisms of the UBA6–USE1 cascade and to how FAT10 and ubiquitin differentiate with each other. This review recapitulates the latest advances in UBA6 and its bispecific UBA6–USE1 pathways for both ubiquitin and FAT10. The intricate networks of UBA6 and its interplays with ubiquitin and FAT10 are briefly reviewed, as are their individual and collective functions in diverse physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Calapre L, Gray ES, Kurdykowski S, David A, Hart P, Descargues P, Ziman M. Heat-mediated reduction of apoptosis in UVB-damaged keratinocytes in vitro and in human skin ex vivo. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2016; 16:6. [PMID: 27230291 PMCID: PMC4882820 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-016-0043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background UV radiation induces significant DNA damage in keratinocytes and is a known risk factor for skin carcinogenesis. However, it has been reported previously that repeated and simultaneous exposure to UV and heat stress increases the rate of cutaneous tumour formation in mice. Since constant exposure to high temperatures and UV are often experienced in the environment, the effects of exposure to UV and heat needs to be clearly addressed in human epidermal cells. Methods In this study, we determined the effects of repeated UVB exposure 1 kJ/m2 followed by heat (39 °C) to human keratinocytes. Normal human ex vivo skin models and primary keratinocytes (NHEK) were exposed once a day to UVB and/or heat stress for four consecutive days. Cells were then assessed for changes in proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression at 2 days post-exposure, to determine the cumulative and persistent effects of UV and/or heat in skin keratinocytes. Results Using ex vivo skin models and primary keratinocytes in vitro, we showed that UVB plus heat treated keratinocytes exhibit persistent DNA damage, as observed with UVB alone. However, we found that apoptosis was significantly reduced in UVB plus heat treated samples. Immunohistochemical and whole genome transcription analysis showed that multiple UVB plus heat exposures induced inactivation of the p53-mediated stress response. Furthermore, we demonstrated that repeated exposure to UV plus heat induced SIRT1 expression and a decrease in acetylated p53 in keratinocytes, which is consistent with the significant downregulation of p53-regulated pro-apoptotic and DNA damage repair genes in these cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that UVB-induced p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are reduced in the presence of heat stress, leading to increased survival of DNA damaged cells. Thus, exposure to UVB and heat stress may act synergistically to allow survival of damaged cells, which could have implications for initiation skin carcinogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12895-016-0043-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Calapre
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | | | - Anthony David
- GENOSKIN Centre Pierre Potier, Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Prue Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Perth, 6008, Australia
| | | | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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