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Mukherjee C, Kundu A, Dey R, Banerjee A, Sengupta K. Active microrheology using pulsed optical tweezers to probe viscoelasticity of lamin A. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6787-6796. [PMID: 34219136 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lamins are nucleoskeletal proteins of mammalian cells that stabilize the structure and maintain the rigidity of the nucleus. These type V intermediate filament proteins which are predominantly of A and B types provide necessary tensile strength to the nucleus. Single amino acid missense mutations occurring all over the lamin A protein form a cluster of human diseases termed as laminopathies, most of which principally affect the muscle and cardiac tissues responsible for load bearing functionalities of the body. One such mutation is A350P which causes dilated cardiomyopathy in patients. It is postulated that a change from alanine to proline in the α-helical coiled-coil forming 2B rod domain of the protein might severely disrupt the propensity of the filaments to polymerise into functional higher order structures required to form a fully functional lamina with its characteristic elasticity. In this study, we have elucidated for the very first time, the application of active microrheology employing oscillating optical tweezers to investigate any alterations in the viscoelastic parameters of the mutant protein meshwork in vitro, which might translate into possible changes in nuclear plasticity. We confirmed our findings from this robust yet fast method by imaging both the wild type and mutant lamin A networks using a super resolution microscope, and observed changes in the mesh size which corroborate our measured changes in the viscoelastic parameters of the lamins. This method could thus be extended to conduct microrheological measurements on any intermediate filament protein thus bearing significant implications in laminopathies and other diseases associated with intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukherjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, West Bengal, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Kundu
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India.
| | - R Dey
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India.
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India.
| | - K Sengupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, West Bengal, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
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Structural and Mechanical Aberrations of the Nuclear Lamina in Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081884. [PMID: 32796718 PMCID: PMC7464082 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamins are the major components of the nuclear lamina in the nuclear envelope. Lamins are involved in numerous functions, including a role in providing structural support to the cell and the mechanosensing of the cell. Mutations in the genes encoding for lamins lead to the rare diseases termed laminopathies. However, not only laminopathies show alterations in the nuclear lamina. Deregulation of lamin expression is reported in multiple cancers and several viral infections lead to a disrupted nuclear lamina. The structural and mechanical effects of alterations in the nuclear lamina can partly explain the phenotypes seen in disease, such as muscular weakness in certain laminopathies and transmigration of cancer cells. However, a lot of answers to questions about the relation between changes in the nuclear lamina and disease development remain elusive. Here, we review the current understandings of the contribution of the nuclear lamina in the structural support and mechanosensing of healthy and diseased cells.
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Sneider A, Hah J, Wirtz D, Kim DH. Recapitulation of molecular regulators of nuclear motion during cell migration. Cell Adh Migr 2019; 13:50-62. [PMID: 30261154 PMCID: PMC6527386 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1506654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a highly orchestrated cellular event that involves physical interactions of diverse subcellular components. The nucleus as the largest and stiffest organelle in the cell not only maintains genetic functionality, but also actively changes its morphology and translocates through dynamic formation of nucleus-bound contractile stress fibers. Nuclear motion is an active and essential process for successful cell migration and nucleus self-repairs in response to compression and extension forces in complex cell microenvironment. This review recapitulates molecular regulators that are crucial for nuclear motility during cell migration and highlights recent advances in nuclear deformation-mediated rupture and repair processes in a migrating cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jungwon Hah
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Saedi AA, Feehan J, Phu S, Duque G. Current and emerging biomarkers of frailty in the elderly. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:389-398. [PMID: 30863033 PMCID: PMC6388773 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “frailty” is used to describe a subset of older adults who appear weaker and more vulnerable than their age-matched counterparts, despite having similar comorbidities, demography, sex, and age. The diagnosis of frailty is usually clinical and based on specific criteria, which are sometimes inconsistent. Therefore, there is an increasing need to identify and validate robust biomarkers for this condition. In this review, we summarize current evidence on the validity and practicality of the most commonly used biomarkers for frailty, while also comparing them with new upcoming strategies to identify this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Jack Feehan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Steven Phu
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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Abstract
The nuclear lamina is involved in fundamental nuclear functions and provides mechanical stability to the nucleus. Lamin filaments form a meshwork closely apposed to the inner nuclear membrane and a small fraction of lamins exist in the nuclear interior. Mutations in lamin genes cause severe hereditary diseases, the laminopathies. During vertebrate evolution the lamin protein family has expanded. While most vertebrate genomes contain 4 lamin genes, encoding the lamins A, B1, B2, and LIII, the majority of non-vertebrate genomes harbor only a single lamin gene. We have collected lamin gene and cDNA sequence information for representatives of the major vertebrate lineages. With the help of RNA-seq data we have determined relative lamin expression levels for representative tissues for species of 9 different gnathostome lineages. Here we report that the level of lamin A expression is low in cartilaginous fishes and ancient fishes and increases toward the mammals. Lamin B1 expression shows an inverse tendency to that of lamin A. Possible implications for the change in the lamin A to B ratio is discussed in the light of its role in nuclear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimer Stick
- a FB2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
| | - Annette Peter
- a FB2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
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