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Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e367. [PMID: 37750089 PMCID: PMC10518040 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1-FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance to TKIs inevitably develops, such as the well-known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and DegradationBasic School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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2
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Cassinelli G, Pasquali S, Lanzi C. Beyond targeting amplified MDM2 and CDK4 in well differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas: From promise and clinical applications towards identification of progression drivers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965261. [PMID: 36119484 PMCID: PMC9479065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Well differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS and DDLPS) are tumors of the adipose tissue poorly responsive to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy which currently remains the standard-of-care. The dismal prognosis of the DDLPS subtype indicates an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets to improve the patient outcome. The amplification of the two driver genes MDM2 and CDK4, shared by WDLPD and DDLPS, has provided the rationale to explore targeting the encoded ubiquitin-protein ligase and cell cycle regulating kinase as a therapeutic approach. Investigation of the genomic landscape of WD/DDLPS and preclinical studies have revealed additional potential targets such as receptor tyrosine kinases, the cell cycle kinase Aurora A, and the nuclear exporter XPO1. While the therapeutic significance of these targets is being investigated in clinical trials, insights into the molecular characteristics associated with dedifferentiation and progression from WDLPS to DDLPS highlighted additional genetic alterations including fusion transcripts generated by chromosomal rearrangements potentially providing new druggable targets (e.g. NTRK, MAP2K6). Recent years have witnessed the increasing use of patient-derived cell and tumor xenograft models which offer valuable tools to accelerate drug repurposing and combination studies. Implementation of integrated "multi-omics" investigations applied to models recapitulating WD/DDLPS genetics, histologic differentiation and biology, will hopefully lead to a better understanding of molecular alterations driving liposarcomagenesis and DDLPS progression, as well as to the identification of new therapies tailored on tumor histology and molecular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Pasquali
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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3
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Mahfuz AMUB, Khan MA, Biswas S, Afrose S, Mahmud S, Mohammed Bahadur N, Ahmed F. In search of novel inhibitors of anti-cancer drug target fibroblast growth factor receptors: Insights from virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Darwis NDM, Horigome E, Li S, Adachi A, Oike T, Shibata A, Hirota Y, Ohno T. Radiosensitization by the Selective Pan-FGFR Inhibitor LY2874455. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111727. [PMID: 35681425 PMCID: PMC9179643 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation activates cytoprotective pathways in cancer cells. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is a key player in these pathways. Thus, FGFR signaling is a potential target to induce radiosensitization. LY2874455 is an orally administrable selective pan-FGFR inhibitor. However, the radiosensitizing effects of LY2874455 remain unclear. In this study, we addressed this issue by using radioresistant human cancer cell lines H1703 (FGFR1 mutant), A549 (FGFR1–4 wild-type), and H1299 (FGFR1–4 wild-type). At an X-ray dose corresponding to 50%-clonogenic survival as the endpoint, 100 nM LY2874455 increased the sensitivity of H1703, A549, and H1299 cells by 31%, 62%, and 53%, respectively. The combination of X-rays and LY2874455 led to a marked induction of mitotic catastrophe, a hallmark of radiation-induced cell death. Furthermore, combination treatment suppressed the growth of A549 xenografts to a significantly greater extent than either X-rays or the drug alone without noticeable toxicity. This is the first report to show the radiosensitizing effect of a selective pan-FGFR inhibitor. These data suggest the potential efficacy of LY2874455 as a radiosensitizer, warranting clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narisa Dewi Maulany Darwis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (N.D.M.D.); (E.H.); (S.L.); (A.A.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Eisuke Horigome
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (N.D.M.D.); (E.H.); (S.L.); (A.A.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (N.D.M.D.); (E.H.); (S.L.); (A.A.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Akiko Adachi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (N.D.M.D.); (E.H.); (S.L.); (A.A.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (N.D.M.D.); (E.H.); (S.L.); (A.A.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Yuka Hirota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (N.D.M.D.); (E.H.); (S.L.); (A.A.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (N.D.M.D.); (E.H.); (S.L.); (A.A.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
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Li X, Zhang C, Peng X, Li Y, Chen G, Gou X, Zhou X, Ma C. A novel risk score model based on five angiogenesis-related long non-coding RNAs for bladder urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:157. [PMID: 35440045 PMCID: PMC9019982 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour angiogenesis is an independent risk factor for bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) progression, but viable and promising antiangiogenic targets are understudied. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play prominent role in the tumour microenvironment and tumour angiogenesis. Methods The clinical data of BUC patients were obtained from TCGA database and clinical specimens of 138 BUC patients. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to identify survival-related ARLNRs (sARLNRs) from The Molecular Signatures Database v4.0. Fisher’s exact probability method was used to detect the correlations between sARLNRs levels and clinicopathological characteristics. A chain of experiments including FACS, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, tube formation, migration and invasion assays, combining with co-culture models, were utilized to validate the clinical significance and angiogenetic correlation of sARLNRs. Results Five sARLNRs were employed to establish an angiogenesis-related risk score model, by which patients in the low-risk group obtained better overall survival than those in the high-risk group. The expression of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 was significantly related to ECs percentage, tumour size and muscle invasion status. Besides, AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 expressed lower in BUC cell lines and tumour tissues than that in normal urothelial cells and adjacent normal tissues, with much lower levels in more advanced T stages. A prominently higher proportion of ECs was detected in tumour tissues with lower expression of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1. In the co-culture models, we found that knockdown of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 in BUC cells increased the tube formation, migration and invasion abilities of HUVEC. The expression levels of CD31, VEGF-A, VIMENTIN and N-CADHERIN were also enhanced in HUVEC cells co-cultured with siR-AC005625.1 and siR-AC008760.1-treated T24 cells. Conclusion In the study, we identify five sARLNRs and validate their clinical significance, angiogenesis correlation and prognosis-predictive values in BUC. These findings may provide a new perspective and some promising antiangiogenic targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies of BUC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02575-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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Expression of FRS2 in atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma: an immunohistochemical analysis of 182 cases with genetic data. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:96. [PMID: 34696768 PMCID: PMC8543942 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) gene is located close to MDM2 and CDK4 within the 12q13-15 chromosomal region. FRS2 gene was recently found to be consistently amplified in atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL), suggesting the detection of FRS2 amplification could be a diagnostic tool for ALT/WDL/DDLs. However, the expression of FRS2 protein and diagnostic value of FRS2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has not been evaluated in a large cohort of ALT/WDL/DDLs. Methods A SNOMED search of hospital surgical pathology files from January 2007 to July 2020 identified 182 ALT/WDL/DDLs with available materials. FRS2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and IHC were performed on 182 ALT/WDL/DDLs and 64 control samples. The expression of FRS2 was also compared with that of classic immunomarkers (MDM2 and CDK4) of this tumor entity. Results This study included 91 ALT/WDLs and 91 DDLs. The FISH results showed 172 of 182 (94.5%) cases were FRS2-amplified, and 10 cases were FRS2-nonamplified. Immunostaining results showed 171 (94.0%) ALT/WDL/DDLs were positive for FRS2 and 11 cases (6.0%) were FRS2-immunonegative. In 172 FRS2-amplified cases, 166 (96.5%) were FRS2-immunopositive, and 6 (3.5%) were negative. Among 10 FRS2-nonamplified ALT/WDL/DDL cases, 5 cases were FRS2-immunonegative, and 5 tumors displayed 1+ staining for this marker. In 64 control cases, none of them exhibited FRS2 amplification. Forty-seven (73.5%) control cases were negative for FRS2 immunostaining, while 17 cases (26.5%) were FRS2-immunopositive. Fifteen of these false positive samples (15/17, 88.2%) showed 1+ positivity and only 2 cases (2/17, 11.8%) displayed 2+ positivity. In ALT/WDL/DDLs, the sensitivity of FRS2 immunostaining was slightly lower than MDM2 (FRS2 vs. MDM2: 94.0% vs 100.0%) and CDK4 (FRS2 vs. CDK4: 94.0% vs 97.0%). However, the specificity of FRS2 (73.5%) was slightly higher than that of MDM2 (67.8%) and CDK4 (64.4%). Conclusion This study indicated that FRS2 IHC had relatively good consistency with FRS2 FISH, suggesting that FRS2 immunostaining could be utilized as an additional screening tool for the diagnosis of ALT/WDL/DDL. It must be emphasized that MDM2/CDK4/FRS2 especially MDM2 FISH remains the gold standard and the most recommended method to diagnose this entity.
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Establishment and Characterization of NCC-DDLPS4-C1: A Novel Patient-Derived Cell Line of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111075. [PMID: 34834427 PMCID: PMC8618493 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a highly malignant sarcoma characterized by the co-amplification of MDM2 and CDK4. Although systemic chemotherapy is recommended for unresectable or metastatic cases, DDLPS is insensitive to conventional chemotherapy, leading to an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, novel treatment methods are urgently required. Patient-derived cell lines are essential in preclinical studies. Recently, large-scale screening studies using a number of cell lines have been actively conducted for the development of new therapeutic drugs. However, the DDLPS cell line cannot be obtained from public cell banks owing to its rarity, hindering screening studies. As such, novel DDLPS cell lines need to be established. Accordingly, this study aimed to establish a novel DDLPS cell line from surgical specimens. The cell line was named NCC-DDLPS4-C1. NCC-DDLPS4-C1 cells retained copy number alterations corresponding to the original tumors. Further, the cells demonstrated constant growth, spheroid formation, and equivalent invasiveness to MG63 osteosarcoma cells. We also conducted drug screening and integrated the results with those of the previously reported DDLPS cell lines. Consequently, we identified the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin as a novel candidate drug. In conclusion, the NCC-DDLPS4-C1 cell line is a useful tool for the basic study of DDLPS.
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Molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer drug, LY2874455, in overcoming the FGFR4 mutation-based resistance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16593. [PMID: 34400727 PMCID: PMC8368202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many strategies have been used to overcome the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance caused by different mutations. LY2874455 (or 6LF) is a pan-FGFR inhibitor which is identified as the most efficient TKI for all resistant mutations in FGFRs. Here, we perform a comparative dynamics study of wild type (WT) and the FGFR4 V550L mutant for better understanding of the 6LF inhibition mechanism. Our results confirm that the pan-FGFR inhibitor 6LF can bind efficiently to both WT and V550L FGFR4. Moreover, the communication network analysis indicates that in apo-WT FGFR4, αD–αE loop behaves like a switch between open and close states of the substrate-binding pocket in searching of its ligand. In contrast, V550L mutation induces the active conformation of the FGFR4 substrate-binding pocket through disruption of αD–αE loop and αG helix anti-correlation. Interestingly, 6LF binding causes the rigidity of hinge and αD helix regions, which results in overcoming V550L induced resistance. Collectively, the results of this study would be informative for designing more efficient TKIs for more effective targeting of the FGFR signaling pathway.
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Molè MA, Coorens THH, Shahbazi MN, Weberling A, Weatherbee BAT, Gantner CW, Sancho-Serra C, Richardson L, Drinkwater A, Syed N, Engley S, Snell P, Christie L, Elder K, Campbell A, Fishel S, Behjati S, Vento-Tormo R, Zernicka-Goetz M. A single cell characterisation of human embryogenesis identifies pluripotency transitions and putative anterior hypoblast centre. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3679. [PMID: 34140473 PMCID: PMC8211662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following implantation, the human embryo undergoes major morphogenetic transformations that establish the future body plan. While the molecular events underpinning this process are established in mice, they remain unknown in humans. Here we characterise key events of human embryo morphogenesis, in the period between implantation and gastrulation, using single-cell analyses and functional studies. First, the embryonic epiblast cells transition through different pluripotent states and act as a source of FGF signals that ensure proliferation of both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. In a subset of embryos, we identify a group of asymmetrically positioned extra-embryonic hypoblast cells expressing inhibitors of BMP, NODAL and WNT signalling pathways. We suggest that this group of cells can act as the anterior singalling centre to pattern the epiblast. These results provide insights into pluripotency state transitions, the role of FGF signalling and the specification of anterior-posterior axis during human embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo A Molè
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marta N Shahbazi
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonia Weberling
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bailey A T Weatherbee
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos W Gantner
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lucy Richardson
- Herts & Essex Fertility Centre, Bishops College, Cheshunt, Herts, UK
| | - Abbie Drinkwater
- Herts & Essex Fertility Centre, Bishops College, Cheshunt, Herts, UK
| | - Najma Syed
- Herts & Essex Fertility Centre, Bishops College, Cheshunt, Herts, UK
| | - Stephanie Engley
- Herts & Essex Fertility Centre, Bishops College, Cheshunt, Herts, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Fishel
- CARE Fertility Group, Nottingham, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Napolitano A, Ostler AE, Jones RL, Huang PH. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Signaling in GIST and Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061533. [PMID: 34204560 PMCID: PMC8235236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies originating from mesenchymal tissues with limited therapeutic options. Recently, alterations in components of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been identified in a range of different sarcoma subtypes, most notably gastrointestinal stromal tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, and liposarcomas. These alterations include genetic events such as translocations, mutations, and amplifications as well as transcriptional overexpression. Targeting FGFR has therefore been proposed as a novel potential therapeutic approach, also in light of the clinical activity shown by multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors in specific subtypes of sarcomas. Despite promising preclinical evidence, thus far, clinical trials have enrolled very few sarcoma patients and the efficacy of selective FGFR inhibitors appears relatively low. Here, we review the known alterations of the FGFR pathway in sarcoma patients as well as the preclinical and clinical evidence for the use of FGFR inhibitors in these diseases. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons behind the current clinical data and highlight the need for biomarker stratification to select patients more likely to benefit from FGFR targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Napolitano
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.N.); (A.E.O.); (R.L.J.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra E. Ostler
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.N.); (A.E.O.); (R.L.J.)
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.N.); (A.E.O.); (R.L.J.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paul H. Huang
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-153-5554
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Lu J, Wood D, Ingley E, Koks S, Wong D. Update on genomic and molecular landscapes of well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3637-3647. [PMID: 33893924 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) is the most frequent subtype of liposarcoma and may transform into dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) which is a more aggressive subtype. Retroperitoneal lesions of WDLPS/DDLPS tend to recur repeatedly due to incomplete resections, and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have little effect on patient survival. Consequently, identifying therapeutic targets and developing targeted drugs is critical for improving the outcome of WDLPS/DDLPS patients. In this review, we summarised the mutational landscape of WDLPS/DDLPS from recent studies focusing on potential oncogenic drivers and the development of molecular targeted drugs for DDLPS. Due to the limited number of studies on the molecular networks driving WDLPS to DDLPS development, we looked at other dedifferentiation-related tumours to identify potential parallel mechanisms that could be involved in the dedifferentiation process generating DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Wood
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Discipline of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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12
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FGF/FGFR Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Carcinogenesis to Recent Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061360. [PMID: 33802841 PMCID: PMC8002748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the most common primary liver cancer, HCC is a tricky cancer resistant to systemic therapies. The fibroblast growth factor family and its receptors are gaining more and more attention in various cancers. Noticing an explosion in the number of studies about aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling in HCC being studied, we were encouraged to summarize them. This review discusses how FGF/FGFR signaling influences HCC development and its implications in HCC prediction and target treatment, and combination treatment. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, ranking third in cancer deaths worldwide. Over the last decade, several studies have emphasized the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to target the aberrant pathways in HCC. However, the outcomes are far from satisfactory due to the increasing resistance and adverse effects. The family of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptors (FGFR) are involved in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, morphogenesis, wound repair, and cell growth. The aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling is also observed in multiple cancers, including HCC. Anti-FGF/FGFR provides delightful benefits for cancer patients, especially those with FGF signaling alteration. More and more multi-kinase inhibitors targeting FGF signaling, pan-FGFR inhibitors, and selective FGFR inhibitors are now under preclinical and clinical investigation. This review summarizes the aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling in HCC initiating, development and treatment status, and provide new insights into the treatment of HCC.
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13
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Novel Therapeutic Insights in Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Role for FGFR and MDM2 Dual Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103058. [PMID: 33092134 PMCID: PMC7589658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS/DDLPS) are the most frequent soft tissue sarcomas. Despite the hopes raised by some targeted therapies, effective well-tolerated treatments for DDLPS are still lacking. Small-molecule FGFR inhibitors are currently evaluated in advanced clinical trials including the potent FDA-approved pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib. We provide the first analysis of FGFR1-4 expression and their prognostic value in a series of 694 WDLPS/DDLPS samples. We identified FGFR1 and FGFR4 as prognostic biomarkers. We demonstrated erdafitinib efficacy and showed that erdafitinib combination with the MDM2 antagonist idasanutlin was highly synergistic in vitro and in vivo. The clinical relevance of our findings was supported by our data on a patient with DDLPS refractory to multiple lines of treatment whose tumor was stabilized for 12 weeks on erdafitinib. These data provide a rationale to use FGFR expression as a biomarker to select patients for clinical trials investigating FGFR inhibitors and to test combined erdafitinib and idasanutlin. Abstract We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib to treat dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). FGFR expression and their prognostic value were assessed in a series of 694 samples of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). The effect of erdafitinib—alone or in combination with other antagonists—on tumorigenicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We detected overexpression of FGFR1 and/or FGFR4 in a subset of WDLPS and DDLPS and demonstrated correlation of this expression with poor prognosis. Erdafitinib treatment reduced cell viability, inducing apoptosis and strong inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway. Combining erdafitinib with the MDM2 antagonist RG7388 exerted a synergistic effect on viability, apoptosis, and clonogenicity in one WDLPS and two DDLPS cell lines. Efficacy of this combination was confirmed in vivo on a DDLPS xenograft. Importantly, we report the efficacy of erdafitinib in one patient with refractory DDLPS showing disease stabilization for 12 weeks. We provide evidence that the FGFR pathway has therapeutic potential for a subset of DDLPS and that an FGFR1/FGFR4 expression might constitute a powerful biomarker to select patients for FGFR inhibitor clinical trials. In addition, we show that combining erdafitinib with RG7388 is a promising strategy for patients with DDLPS that deserves further investigation in the clinical setting.
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14
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Yang L, Chen S, Luo P, Yan W, Wang C. Liposarcoma: Advances in Cellular and Molecular Genetics Alterations and Corresponding Clinical Treatment. J Cancer 2020; 11:100-107. [PMID: 31892977 PMCID: PMC6930414 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin with significant tissue diversity. It is composed of adipocytes with different degrees of differentiation and different degrees of heteromorphosis. It is not sensitive to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. In recent years, with the rapid development of basic immunology, molecular genetics and tumor molecular biology, the histological classification of liposarcoma has become increasingly clear. More and more new methods and technologies, such as gene expression profile analysis, the whole genome sequencing, miRNA expression profile analysis and RNA sequencing, have been successfully applied to liposarcoma, bringing about a deeper understanding of gene expression changes and molecular pathogenic mechanisms in the occurrence and development of liposarcoma. This study reviews the present research status and progress of cellular and molecular alterations of liposarcoma and corresponding clinical treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Yang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wang D, Yang L, Yu W, Zhang Y. Investigational fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 antagonists in early phase clinical trials to treat solid tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:903-916. [PMID: 31560229 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1672655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR2 dysregulation occurs in numerous human solid tumors and overexpression is closely associated with tumor progression. FGFR2 has recently been reported as a therapeutic target for cancer. Several targeted therapies are being investigated to disrupt FGFR2 activity; these include multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), pan-FGFR targeted TKIs and FGFR2 monoclonal antibodies. Areas: This review examines FGFR2 regulation and function in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer treatment. Expert opinion: Highly specific FGFR2 blockers have not yet been developed and moreover, resistance to FGFR2-targeted therapies is a challenge. More sophisticated patient selection strategies would help improve FGFR2-targeted therapies and combination therapy is considered the most promising approach for cancer patients with FGFR2 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
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Holzmann K, Marian B. Importance of Translational Research for Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101191. [PMID: 31581712 PMCID: PMC6830323 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Holzmann
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Division of Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Division of Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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