1
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Alalawy AI. Key genes and molecular mechanisms related to Paclitaxel Resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 39003454 PMCID: PMC11245874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is commonly used to treat breast, ovarian, lung, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic cancer, and neck cancer cells. Cancer recurrence is observed in patients treated with paclitaxel due to paclitaxel resistance emergence. Resistant mechanisms are observed in cancer cells treated with paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel including changes in the target molecule β-tubulin of mitosis, molecular mechanisms that activate efflux drug out of the cells, and alterations in regulatory proteins of apoptosis. This review discusses new molecular mechanisms of taxane resistance, such as overexpression of genes like the multidrug resistance genes and EDIL3, ABCB1, MRP1, and TRAG-3/CSAG2 genes. Moreover, significant lncRNAs are detected in paclitaxel resistance, such as lncRNA H19 and cross-resistance between taxanes. This review contributed to discovering new treatment strategies for taxane resistance and increasing the responsiveness of cancer cells toward chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel I Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Tong T, Huang M, Yan B, Lin B, Yu J, Teng Q, Li P, Pang J. Hippo signaling modulation and its biological implications in urological malignancies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 98:101280. [PMID: 38870717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Although cancer diagnosis and treatment have rapidly advanced in recent decades, urological malignancies, which have high morbidity and mortality rates, are among the most difficult diseases to treat. The Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in organ size control and tissue homeostasis maintenance. Its downstream effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are key modulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. Recent work clearly indicates that Hippo signaling is frequently altered in human urological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the disparate viewpoints on the upstream regulators of YAP/TAZ and their downstream targets and systematically summarize the biological implications. More importantly, we highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in Hippo-YAP signaling to improve our understanding of its role in every stage of prostate cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer progression. A better understanding of the biological outcomes of YAP/TAZ modulation will contribute to the establishment of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Tong
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Binyuan Yan
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Bingbiao Lin
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qiliang Teng
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peng Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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3
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Xu Y, Bai Z, Lan T, Fu C, Cheng P. CD44 and its implication in neoplastic diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e554. [PMID: 38783892 PMCID: PMC11112461 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44, a nonkinase single span transmembrane glycoprotein, is a major cell surface receptor for many other extracellular matrix components as well as classic markers of cancer stem cells and immune cells. Through alternative splicing of CD44 gene, CD44 is divided into two isoforms, the standard isoform of CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoform of CD44 (CD44v). Different isoforms of CD44 participate in regulating various signaling pathways, modulating cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, with its aberrant expression and dysregulation contributing to tumor initiation and progression. However, CD44s and CD44v play overlapping or contradictory roles in tumor initiation and progression, which is not fully understood. Herein, we discuss the present understanding of the functional and structural roles of CD44 in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple cancers. The regulation functions of CD44 in cancers-associated signaling pathways is summarized. Moreover, we provide an overview of the anticancer therapeutic strategies that targeting CD44 and preclinical and clinical trials evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and drug-related toxicity about CD44-targeted therapies. This review provides up-to-date information about the roles of CD44 in neoplastic diseases, which may open new perspectives in the field of cancer treatment through targeting CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ziyi Bai
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chenying Fu
- Laboratory of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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4
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Ying Y, Wu Y, Zhang F, Tang Y, Yi J, Ma X, Li J, Chen D, Wang X, Liu X, Liu B, Luo J, Zheng X, Xie L. Co-transcriptional R-loops-mediated epigenetic regulation drives growth retardation and docetaxel chemosensitivity enhancement in advanced prostate cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:79. [PMID: 38658974 PMCID: PMC11041046 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
R-loops are prevalent three-stranded nucleic acid structures, comprising a DNA-RNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA, that frequently form during transcription and may be attributed to genomic stability and gene expression regulation. It was recently discovered that RNA modification contributes to maintain the stability of R-loops such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Yet, m6A-modified R-loops in regulating gene transcription remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) recognize R-loops in an m6A-dependent way. Consequently, IGF2BPs overexpression leads to increased overall R-loop levels, cell migration inhibition, and cell growth retardation in prostate cancer (PCa) via precluding the binding of DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1) to semaphorin 3 F (SEMA3F) promoters. Moreover, the K homology (KH) domains of IGF2BPs are required for their recognition of m6A-containing R-loops and are required for tumor suppressor functions. Overexpression of SEMA3F markedly enhanced docetaxel chemosensitivity in prostate cancer via regulating Hippo pathway. Our findings point to a distinct R-loop resolution pathway mediated by IGF2BPs, emphasizing the functional importance of IGF2BPs as epigenetic R-loop readers in transcriptional genetic regulation and cancer biology.The manuscript summarizes the new role of N6-methyladenosine in epigenetic regulation, we introduce the distinct R-loop resolution mediated by IGF2BP proteins in an m6A-dependent way, which probably lead to the growth retardation and docetaxel chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer. Moreover, our findings first emphasized the functional importance of IGF2BPs as epigenetic R-loop readers in transcriptional genetic regulation and cancer biology. In addition, our research provides a novel RBM15/IGF2BPs/DNMT1 trans-omics regulation m6A axis, indicating the new crosstalk between RNA m6A methylation and DNA methylation in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenghao Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahe Yi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueyou Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danni Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jindan Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Koukourakis IM, Platoni K, Kouloulias V, Arelaki S, Zygogianni A. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Biology and Treatment Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14890. [PMID: 37834336 PMCID: PMC10573523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells differentiate into mature organ/tissue-specific cells at a steady pace under normal conditions, but their growth can be accelerated during the process of tissue healing or in the context of certain diseases. It is postulated that the proliferation and growth of carcinomas are sustained by the presence of a vital cellular compartment resembling stem cells residing in normal tissues: 'stem-like cancer cells' or cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mutations in prostate stem cells can lead to the formation of prostate cancer. Prostate CSCs (PCSCs) have been identified and partially characterized. These express surface markers include CD44, CD133, integrin α2β1, and pluripotency factors like OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. Several signaling pathways are also over-activated, including Notch, PTEN/Akt/PI3K, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and HH. Moreover, PCSCs appear to induce resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while their presence has been linked to aggressive cancer behavior and higher relapse rates. The development of treatment policies to target PCSCs in tumors is appealing as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, through cancer cell killing, trigger tumor repopulation via activated stem cells. Thus, blocking this reactive stem cell mobilization may facilitate a positive outcome through cytotoxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis M. Koukourakis
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.M.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Kalliopi Platoni
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stella Arelaki
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.M.K.); (A.Z.)
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7
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Lv L, Zhou X. Targeting Hippo signaling in cancer: novel perspectives and therapeutic potential. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e375. [PMID: 37799806 PMCID: PMC10547939 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As highly conserved among diverse species, Hippo signaling pathway regulates various biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, stem cell function, tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and organ size. Studies in the last two decades have provided a good framework for how these fundamental functions of Hippo signaling are tightly regulated by a network with numerous intracellular and extracellular factors. The Hippo signaling pathway, when dysregulated, may lead to a wide variety of diseases, especially cancer. There is growing evidence demonstrating that dysregulated Hippo signaling is closely associated with tumorigenesis, cancer cell invasion, and migration, as well as drug resistance. Therefore, the Hippo pathway is considered an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Promising novel agents targeting the Hippo signaling pathway for cancers have recently emerged. These novel agents have shown antitumor activity in multiple cancer models and demonstrated therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. However, the detailed molecular basis of the Hippo signaling-driven tumor biology remains undefined. Our review summarizes current advances in understanding the mechanisms by which Hippo signaling drives tumorigenesis and confers drug resistance. We also propose strategies for future preclinical and clinical development to target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liemei Lv
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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8
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Pospelov AD, Kutova OM, Efremov YM, Nekrasova AA, Trushina DB, Gefter SD, Cherkasova EI, Timofeeva LB, Timashev PS, Zvyagin AV, Balalaeva IV. Breast Cancer Cell Type and Biomechanical Properties of Decellularized Mouse Organs Drives Tumor Cell Colonization. Cells 2023; 12:2030. [PMID: 37626840 PMCID: PMC10453279 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as an indispensable tool for the reconstruction of organ-specific environments. Organ-derived extracellular matrices (ECM) and, especially, decellularized tissues (DCL) are recognized as the most successful biomaterials in regenerative medicine, as DCL preserves the most essential organ-specific ECM properties such as composition alongside biomechanics characterized by stiffness and porosity. Expansion of the DCL technology to cancer biology research, drug development, and nanomedicine is pending refinement of the existing DCL protocols whose reproducibility remains sub-optimal varying from organ to organ. We introduce a facile decellularization protocol universally applicable to murine organs, including liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and ovaries, with demonstrated robustness, reproducibility, high purification from cell debris, and architecture preservation, as confirmed by the histological and SEM analysis. The biomechanical properties of as-produced DCL organs expressed in terms of the local and total stiffness were measured using our facile methodology and were found well preserved in comparison with the intact organs. To demonstrate the utility of the developed DCL model to cancer research, we engineered three-dimensional tissue constructs by recellularization representative decellularized organs and collagenous hydrogel with human breast cancer cells of pronounced mesenchymal (MDA-MB-231) or epithelial (SKBR-3) phenotypes. The biomechanical properties of the DCL organs were found pivotal to determining the cancer cell fate and progression. Our histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed that the larger the ECM mean pore size and the smaller the total stiffness (as in lung and ovary), the more proliferative and invasive the mesenchymal cells became. At the same time, the low local stiffness ECMs (ranged 2.8-3.6 kPa) did support the epithelial-like SKBR-3 cells' viability (as in lung and spleen), while stiff ECMs did not. The total and local stiffness of the collagenous hydrogel was measured too low to sustain the proliferative potential of both cell lines. The observed cell proliferation patterns were easily interpretable in terms of the ECM biomechanical properties, such as binding sites, embedment facilities, and migration space. As such, our three-dimensional tissue engineering model is scalable and adaptable for pharmacological testing and cancer biology research of metastatic and primary tumors, including early metastatic colonization in native organ-specific ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton D. Pospelov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Olga M. Kutova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Yuri M. Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia; (Y.M.E.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Albina A. Nekrasova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia; (Y.M.E.); (A.A.N.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Daria B. Trushina
- Federal Research Center Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Sofia D. Gefter
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Elena I. Cherkasova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Lidia B. Timofeeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1, Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia;
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Irina V. Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
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9
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Xiong YX, Zhang XC, Zhu JH, Zhang YX, Pan YL, Wu Y, Zhao JP, Liu JJ, Lu YX, Liang HF, Zhang ZG, Zhang WG. Collagen I-DDR1 signaling promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell stemness via Hippo signaling repression. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1648-1665. [PMID: 37117273 PMCID: PMC10307904 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a minority population of cancer cells with stemness and multiple differentiation potentials, leading to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. However, the concrete mechanism of CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. We found that in advanced HCC tissues, collagen I was upregulated, which is consistent with the expression of its receptor DDR1. Accordingly, high collagen I levels accompanied by high DDR1 expression are associated with poor prognoses in patients with HCC. Collagen I-induced DDR1 activation enhanced HCC cell stemness in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DDR1 interacts with CD44, which acts as a co-receptor that amplifies collagen I-induced DDR1 signaling, and collagen I-DDR1 signaling antagonized Hippo signaling by facilitating the recruitment of PP2AA to MST1, leading to exaggerated YAP activation. The combined inhibition of DDR1 and YAP synergistically abrogated HCC cell stemness in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. A radiomic model based on T2 weighted images can noninvasively predict collagen I expression. These findings reveal the molecular basis of collagen I-DDR1 signaling inhibiting Hippo signaling and highlight the role of CD44/DDR1/YAP axis in promoting cancer cell stemness, suggesting that DDR1 and YAP may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiao Xiong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Han Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Long Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Lu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Fang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhan-Guo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wan-Guang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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10
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Qian Z, Tian X, Miao Y, Xu X, Cheng X, Wu M, Yu Y. Bufalin inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells by suppressing Hippo-YAP pathway. Cell Signal 2023:110746. [PMID: 37286119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality. This study demonstrated that Bufalin inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vivo / in vitro by suppressing Hippo-YAP pathway. Here, we found that Bufalin promoted the binding of LATS and YAP to elevate the level of YAP phosphorylation. Phosphorylated YAP could not successfully enter the nucleus to activate the expression of downstream proliferation-related target genes Cyr61 and CTGF, whereas the YAP retained in the cytoplasm further bound to β-TrCP and underwent ubiquitination and degradation. This study verified the key role of YAP in stimulating the proliferation of lung cancer and revealed the anticancer target of Bufalin. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for the anticancer effect of Bufalin, and suggests that Bufalin can be a potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xuehua Cheng
- Department of TCM Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mengyi Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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11
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Damarasingu PV, Das S, Mh S, Bodapati S. Evaluation of CD44 Expression in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: An Institutional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40510. [PMID: 37461792 PMCID: PMC10350293 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate adenocarcinoma is the second-most common cause of cancer. Globally, many cancer-related deaths among men were noted due to prostate adenocarcinoma. CD44 plays a key role in mediating cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interaction, which further helps to maintain the integrity of tissue and also inhibits tumor metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study was done on chips from transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) and prostatic core biopsy specimens. All specimens with clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma were included in the study. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), recurrent cases, and patients who had undergone radiotherapy/ chemotherapy prior to biopsy were excluded from the study. The sample size for the current study was 57 with an 8% prevalence value, 95% confidence interval, and 8% absolute error. Immunoreaction to CD44 antibody is membranous and was evaluated by calculating positively stained cell percentage and staining intensity. These two parameters were added to obtain a final score; a score of 0-3 was considered as negative, and a score of 4-6 was regarded as positive. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was only found between Gleason grade (p<0.001), clinical staging (p<0.002), nodal metastasis (p<0.015), and distant metastasis (p<0.020) with CD44 positive expression. The rest of the parameters like PSA (p=0.642) and age (p=0.051) did not correlate with CD44-positive expression. Out of 29 cases with positive CD44 expression, 100% positivity was seen in Gleason's grades 1, 2, and 3. This indicates that CD44 expression showed lesser positivity in poorly differentiated carcinoma. CD44 positivity was seen in 83.3% in the T2 stage. An inverse relationship between tumor staging and CD44 expression was observed with positive CD44 expression in lower tumor staging which implies loss of CD44 expression was associated with greater tumor aggressiveness. Lymph node metastasis cases showed more negative CD44 expression (59.5%) and the same was noted in patients without distant metastasis, that is in 61% of the subjects. Conclusion: Cells tend to lose the ability of CD44 expression as they progress from well-differentiated adenocarcinoma to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. CD44 expression suggests that the tumor is in a well-differentiated and gland-forming state as compared to Gleason's grade. Loss of CD44 expression suggests tumor aggressiveness. Thus, the upregulation of CD44 expression can be considered as a potential target for targeted therapy. As many targeted and gene therapies are in clinical trials, large-scale multicentered studies are needed for a better understanding of the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhashish Das
- Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Soumya Mh
- Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
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12
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Wang H, Teng X, Lin Y, Jiang C, Chen X, Zhang Y. Targeting XPO6 inhibits prostate cancer progression and enhances the suppressive efficacy of docetaxel. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:82. [PMID: 37243787 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although XPO6, one of the Exportin family members, functions in malignant progression of certain types of cancer, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the oncogenic effect and clarified the downstream mechanism of XPO6 in PCa cells. METHODS We detected the expression level of XPO6 in PCa tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and XPO6 level based on TCGA database. The effects of XPO6 in the proliferation and migration or resistance to docetaxel (DTX) in PCa cells were assessed using CCK8, colony formation, wound-healing and Transwell assays. Mice experiments were performed to investigate the role of XPO6 in tumor progression and DTX effect in vivo. Further, functional analysis of DEGs revealed the correlation of XPO6 with Hippo pathway and XPO6 could promote the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP1 protein. Furthermore, blocking Hippo pathway with YAP1 inhibitor leads to the loss of XPO6-mediated regulation of biological functions. RESULTS XPO6 was highly expressed and positively correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of PCa. Functional experiments indicated that XPO6 could promote tumor development and DTX resistance in PCa. Mechanistically, we further confirmed that XPO6 could regulate Hippo pathway via mediating YAP1 protein expression and nuclear translocation thereby promoting PCa progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our research reveals that XPO6 potentially function as an oncogene and promotes DTX resistance of PCa, suggesting that XPO6 could be both a potential prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target to effectively overcome DTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China.
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13
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Treacy PJ, Martini A, Falagario UG, Ratnani P, Wajswol E, Beksac AT, Wiklund P, Nair S, Kyprianou N, Durand M, Tewari AK. Association between Expression of Connective Tissue Genes and Prostate Cancer Growth and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087520. [PMID: 37108678 PMCID: PMC10139147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To find an association between genomic features of connective tissue and pejorative clinical outcomes on radical prostatectomy specimens. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and underwent a Decipher transcriptomic test for localized prostate cancer in our institution (n = 695). The expression results of selected connective tissue genes were analyzed after multiple t tests, revealing significant differences in the transcriptomic expression (over- or under-expression). We investigated the association between transcript results and clinical features such as extra-capsular extension (ECE), clinically significant cancer, lymph node (LN) invasion and early biochemical recurrence (eBCR), defined as earlier than 3 years after surgery). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to evaluate the prognostic role of genes on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Out of 528 patients, we found that 189 had ECE and 27 had LN invasion. The Decipher score was higher in patients with ECE, LN invasion, and eBCR. Our gene selection microarray analysis showed an overexpression in both ECE and LN invasion, and in clinically significant cancer for COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, LUM, VCAN, FN1, AEBP1, ASPN, TIMP1, TIMP3, BGN, and underexpression in FMOD and FLNA. In the TCGA population, overexpression of these genes was correlated with worse PFS. Significant co-occurrence of these genes was observed. When presenting overexpression of our gene selection, the 5-year PFS rate was 53% vs. 68% (p = 0.0315). Transcriptomic overexpression of connective tissue genes correlated to worse clinical features, such as ECE, clinically significant cancer and BCR, identifying the potential prognostic value of the gene signature of the connective tissue in prostate cancer. TCGAp cohort analysis showed a worse PFS in case of overexpression of the connective tissue genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick-Julien Treacy
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, Nice University Hospital, 06003 Nice, France
| | - Alberto Martini
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Giovanni Falagario
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Parita Ratnani
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ethan Wajswol
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alp Tuna Beksac
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Wiklund
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sujit Nair
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthieu Durand
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, Nice University Hospital, 06003 Nice, France
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Zhou Y, Li T, Jia M, Dai R, Wang R. The Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: From the Past to the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087482. [PMID: 37108647 PMCID: PMC10140972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to rank as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in western countries, despite the golden treatment using androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or anti-androgen therapy. With decades of research, scientists have gradually realized that the existence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) successfully explains tumor recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic failure of PCa. Theoretically, eradication of this small population may improve the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches and prolong PCa survival. However, several characteristics of PCSCs make their diminishment extremely challenging: inherent resistance to anti-androgen and chemotherapy treatment, over-activation of the survival pathway, adaptation to tumor micro-environments, escape from immune attack and being easier to metastasize. For this end, a better understanding of PCSC biology at the molecular level will definitely inspire us to develop PCSC targeted approaches. In this review, we comprehensively summarize signaling pathways responsible for homeostatic regulation of PCSCs and discuss how to eliminate these fractional cells in clinical practice. Overall, this study deeply pinpoints PCSC biology at the molecular level and provides us some research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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15
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Martinez SR, Elix CC, Ochoa PT, Sanchez-Hernandez ES, Alkashgari HR, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Zhang L, Casiano CA. Glucocorticoid Receptor and β-Catenin Interact in Prostate Cancer Cells and Their Co-Inhibition Attenuates Tumorsphere Formation, Stemness, and Docetaxel Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087130. [PMID: 37108293 PMCID: PMC10139020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance hinders the efficacy of anti-androgen therapies and taxane-based chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling mediates resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) and has also been recently implicated in PCa resistance to docetaxel (DTX), suggesting a role in therapy cross-resistance. Like GR, β-catenin is upregulated in metastatic and therapy-resistant tumors and is a crucial regulator of cancer stemness and ARSI resistance. β-catenin interacts with AR to promote PCa progression. Given the structural and functional similarities between AR and GR, we hypothesized that β-catenin also interacts with GR to influence PCa stemness and chemoresistance. As expected, we observed that treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone promotednuclear accumulation of GR and active β-catenin in PCa cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that GR and β-catenin interact in DTX-resistant and DTX-sensitive PCa cells. Pharmacological co-inhibition of GR and β-catenin, using the GR modulator CORT-108297 and the selective β-catenin inhibitor MSAB, enhanced cytotoxicity in DTX-resistant PCa cells grown in adherent and spheroid cultures and decreased CD44+/CD24- cell populations in tumorspheres. These results indicate that GR and β-catenin influence cell survival, stemness, and tumorsphere formation in DTX-resistant cells. Their co-inhibition could be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome PCa therapy cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannalee R Martinez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Catherine C Elix
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Pedro T Ochoa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Evelyn S Sanchez-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hossam R Alkashgari
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Greisha L Ortiz-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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16
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Hashemi M, Zandieh MA, Talebi Y, Rahmanian P, Shafiee SS, Nejad MM, Babaei R, Sadi FH, Rajabi R, Abkenar ZO, Rezaei S, Ren J, Nabavi N, Khorrami R, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Entezari M, Taheriazam A. Paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer: Molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114392. [PMID: 36804123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among most malignant tumors around the world and this urological tumor can be developed as result of genomic mutations and their accumulation during progression towards advanced stage. Due to lack of specific symptoms in early stages of prostate cancer, most cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages that tumor cells display low response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, genomic mutations in prostate cancer enhance the aggressiveness of tumor cells. Docetaxel and paclitaxel are suggested as well-known compounds for chemotherapy of prostate tumor and they possess a similar function in cancer therapy that is based on inhibiting depolymerization of microtubules, impairing balance of microtubules and subsequent delay in cell cycle progression. The aim of current review is to highlight mechanisms of paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. When oncogenic factors such as CD133 display upregulation and PTEN as tumor-suppressor shows decrease in expression, malignancy of prostate tumor cells enhances and they can induce drug resistance. Furthermore, phytochemicals as anti-tumor compounds have been utilized in suppressing chemoresistance in prostate cancer. Naringenin and lovastatin are among the anti-tumor compounds that have been used for impairing progression of prostate tumor and enhancing drug sensitivity. Moreover, nanostructures such as polymeric micelles and nanobubbles have been utilized in delivery of anti-tumor compounds and decreasing risk of chemoresistance development. These subjects are highlighted in current review to provide new insight for reversing drug resistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasmin Talebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Sadat Shafiee
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melina Maghsodlou Nejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Babaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hasani Sadi
- General Practitioner, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Losada-García A, Salido-Guadarrama I, Cortes-Ramirez SA, Cruz-Burgos M, Morales-Pacheco M, Vazquez-Santillan K, Rodriguez-Martinez G, González-Ramírez I, Gonzalez-Covarrubias V, Perez-Plascencia C, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. SFRP1 induces a stem cell phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1096923. [PMID: 36968194 PMCID: PMC10033548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1096923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks second in incidence and sixth in deaths globally. The treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a significant clinical problem. Emerging evidence suggests that prostate cancer progression toward castration resistance is associated with paracrine signals from the stroma. SFRP1 is one of the extracellular proteins that modulate the WNT pathway, and it has been identified as a mediator of stromal epithelium communication. The WNT pathway is involved in processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell anchoring, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation as well as the regulation of stem cell populations in the prostatic epithelium. In the present study, we explored the role of exogenous SFRP1 on the stem cell phenotype in prostate cancer. The results reveal that cancer stem cell markers are significantly increased by exogenous SFRP1 treatments, as well as the downstream target genes of the Wnt/-catenin pathway. The pluripotent transcription factors SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4 were also up-regulated. Furthermore, SFRP1 promoted prostate cancer stem cell (PCSC) properties in vitro, including tumorsphere formation, migration, bicalutamide resistance, and decreased apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that SFRP1 participates in the paracrine signaling of epithelial cells, influencing them and positively regulating the stem cell phenotype through deregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, which could contribute to disease progression and therapeutic failure. This research increases our molecular understanding of how CRPC progresses, which could help us find new ways to diagnose and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Losada-García
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Salido-Guadarrama
- Departamento de Bioinformatìca y Análisis Estadísticos, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marian Cruz-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Morales-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Imelda González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Perez-Plascencia
- Unidad de Genómica y Cáncer, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, INCan, SSA and Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes,
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18
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Davies CR, Guo T, Burke E, Stankiewicz E, Xu L, Mao X, Scandura G, Rajan P, Tipples K, Alifrangis C, Wimalasingham AG, Galazi M, Crusz S, Powles T, Grey A, Oliver T, Kudahetti S, Shaw G, Berney D, Shamash J, Lu YJ. The potential of using circulating tumour cells and their gene expression to predict docetaxel response in metastatic prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1060864. [PMID: 36727071 PMCID: PMC9885040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Docetaxel improves overall survival (OS) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) (CRPC) and metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa (mHSPC). However, not all patients respond due to inherent and/or acquired resistance. There remains an unmet clinical need for a robust predictive test to stratify patients for treatment. Liquid biopsy of circulating tumour cell (CTCs) is minimally invasive, can provide real-time information of the heterogeneous tumour and therefore may be a potentially ideal docetaxel response prediction biomarker. Objective In this study we investigate the potential of using CTCs and their gene expression to predict post-docetaxel tumour response, OS and progression free survival (PFS). Methods Peripheral blood was sampled from 18 mCRPC and 43 mHSPC patients, pre-docetaxel treatment, for CTC investigation. CTCs were isolated using the epitope independent Parsortix® system and gene expression was determined by multiplex RT-qPCR. We evaluated CTC measurements for post-docetaxel outcome prediction using receiver operating characteristics and Kaplan Meier analysis. Results Detection of CTCs pre-docetaxel was associated with poor patient outcome post-docetaxel treatment. Combining total-CTC number with PSA and ALP predicted lack of partial response (PR) with an AUC of 0.90, p= 0.037 in mCRPC. A significantly shorter median OS was seen in mCRPC patients with positive CTC-score (12.80 vs. 37.33 months, HR= 5.08, p= 0.0005), ≥3 total-CTCs/7.5mL (12.80 vs. 37.33 months, HR= 3.84, p= 0.0053), ≥1 epithelial-CTCs/7.5mL (14.30 vs. 37.33 months, HR= 3.89, p= 0.0041) or epithelial to mesenchymal transitioning (EMTing)-CTCs/7.5mL (11.32 vs. 32.37 months, HR= 6.73, p= 0.0001). Significantly shorter PFS was observed in patients with ≥2 epithelial-CTCs/7.5mL (7.52 vs. 18.83 months, HR= 3.93, p= 0.0058). mHSPC patients with ≥5 CTCs/7.5mL had significantly shorter median OS (24.57 vs undefined months, HR= 4.14, p= 0.0097). In mHSPC patients, expression of KLK2, KLK4, ADAMTS1, ZEB1 and SNAI1 was significantly associated with shorter OS and/or PFS. Importantly, combining CTC measurements with clinical biomarkers increased sensitivity and specificity for prediction of patient outcome. Conclusion While it is clear that CTC numbers and gene expression were prognostic for PCa post-docetaxel treatment, and CTC subtype analysis may have additional value, their potential predictive value for docetaxel chemotherapy response needs to be further investigated in large patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R. Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Cell Biology and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edwina Burke
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elzbieta Stankiewicz
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Central Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lei Xu
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Glenda Scandura
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Urology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust (NHS), London, United Kingdom,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom,University College London Hospitals, National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Tipples
- Department of Urology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust (NHS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Constantine Alifrangis
- University College London Hospitals, National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Myria Galazi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shanthini Crusz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Powles
- Department of Urology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust (NHS), London, United Kingdom,Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Grey
- Department of Urology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust (NHS), London, United Kingdom,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom,University College London Hospitals, National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Oliver
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sakunthala Kudahetti
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Shaw
- Department of Urology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust (NHS), London, United Kingdom,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom,University College London Hospitals, National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Berney
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Shamash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Yong-Jie Lu,
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19
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Sun G, Yang Y, Liu J, Gao Z, Xu T, Chai J, Xu J, Fan Z, Xiao T, Jia Q, Li M. Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ho CH, Chen ML, Huang HL, Lai CJ, Liu CH, Chuu CP, Lin YH. Active Targeting of P-Selectin by Fucoidan Modulates the Molecular Profiling of Metastasis in Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090542. [PMID: 36135731 PMCID: PMC9500773 DOI: 10.3390/md20090542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although hormone-sensitive PCa is curable by ADT, most conditions progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) and metastatic CRPCa (mCRPCa). Front-line docetaxel has been administered to patients with CRPCa and mCRPCa. Nevertheless, docetaxel resistance after half a year of therapy has emerged as an urgent clinical concern in patients with CRPCa and mCRPCa. We verified the mechanism by which docetaxel-resistant PCa cells (DU/DX50) exhibited significant cell migration and expression of malignant tumor-related proteins. Our study shows that the biological activity of fucoidan has an important application for docetaxel-resistant PCa cells, inhibiting IL-1R by binding to P-selectin and reducing the expression levels of NF-κB p50 and Cox2 in this metastasis-inhibiting signaling pathway. Furthermore, the combined treatment of fucoidan and docetaxel showed significant anticancer and synergistic effects on the viability of DU/DX50 cells, which is relevant for overcoming the current limitations and improving treatment outcomes. Overall, fucoidan-based combination chemotherapy may exert beneficial effects and facilitate the treatment of docetaxel-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hsun Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Lun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation and Translation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28267000 (ext. 7932)
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21
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Wolf I, Gratzke C, Wolf P. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Clinical Aspects and Targeted Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935715. [PMID: 35875084 PMCID: PMC9304860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and successful improvements in diagnosis and therapy, prostate cancer (PC) remains a major challenge. In recent years, it has become clear that PC stem cells (PCSCs) are the driving force in tumorigenesis, relapse, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of PC. In this minireview, we discuss the impact of PCSCs in the clinical practice. Moreover, new therapeutic approaches to combat PCSCs are presented with the aim to achieve an improved outcome for patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Philipp Wolf,
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22
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Wang Y, Nie H, Li H, Liao Z, Yang X, He X, Ma J, Zhou J, Ou C. The Hippo Pathway Effector Transcriptional Co-activator With PDZ-Binding Motif Correlates With Clinical Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:888093. [PMID: 35865173 PMCID: PMC9295930 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. It has been identified as an oncogene in certain tumor types; however, the function and role of TAZ in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been illustrated. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression and role of TAZ in CRC. In this study, we investigated the expression level of TAZ in 127 CRC and matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics in CRC. Moreover, we further analyzed the role of TAZ in the CRC-associated immunology using integrative bioinformatic analyses. The cBioPortal and WebGestalt database were used to analyze the co-expressed genes and related pathways of TAZ in CRC by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses. Meanwhile, the correlations between TAZ and the infiltrating immune cells and gene markers were analyzed by TIMER database. Our study revealed that TAZ expression is higher in CRC tissues than in matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. In addition, CRC patients with higher TAZ expression demonstrated poor overall survival (OS) and recurrent-free survival rates as compared to CRC patients with lower expression of TAZ. Furthermore, the TAZ expression was identified to closely associate with the immune infiltration of CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and B cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that TAZ may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Pathology, Rizhao City People’s Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlin Ou,
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23
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Dihydrotanshinone I Enhances Cell Adhesion and Inhibits Cell Migration in Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cells through CD44 and Chemokine Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123714. [PMID: 35744840 PMCID: PMC9231138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the screening of novel natural products against cancer using an in vitro cancer cell model, we recently found that tanshinones from a traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), had potent effects on cell proliferation and migration. Especially for human osteosarcoma U−2 OS cells, tanshinones significantly enhanced the cell adherence, implying a possible role in cell adhesion and cell migration inhibition. In this work, therefore, we aimed to provide a new insight into the possible molecule mechanisms of dihydrotanshinone I, which had the strongest effects on cell adhesion among several candidate tanshinones. RNA−sequencing-based transcriptome analysis and several biochemical experiments indicated that there were comprehensive signals involved in dihydrotanshinone I-treated U−2 OS cells, such as cell cycle, DNA replication, thermogenesis, tight junction, oxidative phosphorylation, adherens junction, and focal adhesion. First, dihydrotanshinone I could potently inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase by downregulating the expression of CDK4, CDK2, cyclin D1, and cyclin E1 and upregulating the expression of p21. Second, it could significantly enhance cell adhesion on cell plates and inhibit cell migration, involving the hyaluronan CD44−mediated CXCL8–PI3K/AKT–FOXO1, IL6–STAT3–P53, and EMT signaling pathways. Thus, the increased expression of CD44 and lengthened protrusions around the cell yielded a significant increase in cell adhesion. In summary, these results suggest that dihydrotanshinone I might be an interesting molecular therapy for enhancing human osteosarcoma U−2 OS cell adhesion and inhibiting cell migration and proliferation.
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24
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Zhong B, Zhao Z, Jiang X. RP1-59D14.5 triggers autophagy and represses tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:458. [PMID: 35562348 PMCID: PMC9106715 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major malignant tumors among men worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been documented as important modulators in human cancers, including PCa. In our study, we investigated the role and potential mechanism of RP1-59D14.5 in PCa. RP1-59D14.5 expressed at a low level in PCa cells. Gain-of-function assays including colony formation and transwell assays displayed that RP1-59D14.5 overexpression repressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, RP1-59D14.5 up-regulation induced autophagy in PCa cells. Mechanically, luciferase reporter assays and western blot verified that RP1-59D14.5 activated the Hippo pathway in PCa cells. Through RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays, we validated that RP1-59D14.5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2) via targeting miR-147a. Moreover, RP1-59D14.5 recruited HUR to promote casein kinase 1 (CK1) expression. Collectively, RP1-59D14.5 promoted yes-associated protein (YAP) degradation to activate the Hippo pathway in PCa progression via targeting the miR-147a/LATS1/2 axis and recruiting HUR to promote the interaction of CK1 and β-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTrCP). These results implied that RP1-59D14.5 acted as a tumor suppressor in PCa, which might be a target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Urology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu China
| | - Zexue Zhao
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu China
| | - Xi Jiang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Urology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu China
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25
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Cheng K, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Ming L, Huang D, Yang R, Lin Z, Chen D. pH-responsive and CD44-targeting polymer micelles based on CD44p-conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer PEG- b-HES- b-PLA for delivery of emodin to breast cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:275604. [PMID: 35313287 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5f9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an amphiphilic block copolymer CD44-targeting peptide-conjugated polyethylene glycol-block-hydroxyethyl starch-block-poly (L-lactic acid) (CD44p-conjugated PEG-b-HES-b-PLA) are synthesized, which could self-assemble into the pH-responsive and CD44-targeting polymer micelles against breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Emodin (Emo) is a natural anthraquino with pharmacological activities in anti-tumor effects. However, Emo suffers from poor water solubility, low biocompatibility, rapid systemic elimination, and off-target side effects, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have proven great potential for cancer chemotherapy. The constructed polymeric micelles Emo@CD44p-PM have exhibited an average size of 154.5 ± 0.9 nm characterized by DLS and TEM. Further, the Emo@CD44p-PM have effective Emo-loading capacity, good thermal stability, and pH responsiveness. Intracellular uptake study shows the enhanced cellular internalization of Emo@CD44p-PM due to the increased exposure of CD44p enhances the cellular internalization of Emo@CD44p-PM effectively. Furthermore, thein vitroresults showed Emo@CD44p-PM has been observed good biocompatibility and anti-tumor effects. Therefore, the polymeric micelles Emo@CD44p-PM provide a promising delivery strategy of targeted therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- The First Clinical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ming
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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26
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Yao K, Li S, Liu Q, Wu F. The emerging role of cross-resistance between taxanes and AR-targeting therapy in metastatic prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158221088689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: To date, the number of prostate cancer ranked first among newly diagnosed malignant tumors in men from multiple countries. Localized prostate cancer could be controlled by curative therapy. However, for patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC), the prognosis is poor. As among first-line treatments of systemic therapies for mPC, docetaxel and androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies have been widely used. However, mPC patients inevitably developed resistance to the current therapy. More importantly, there is a cross-resistance between docetaxel-based chemotherapy and AR-targeting therapy during the treatment process, which could impair the overall survival benefits without proper administration. Objective: Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate the mechanism of cross-resistance and explore the optimal sequential strategy. Methods: Here, in this review, we systematically reviewed and summarised the updated literature on clinical evidence and mechanistic research of treatment resistance in mPC. Results: Emerging evidence indicated that AR splice variants, AR overexpression or mutations, AR nuclear translocation, as well as AR signaling reactivation collectively contributed to the cross-resistance. With the current understanding of cross-resistance, multiple solutions are promising for improving the benefits, including refining the sequencing of available therapies for mPC, in combination with potential targeted inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further studies are needed to explore the combination of emerging strategies and eventually control the progression of prostate cancer. Conclusions: This review defined the mutual and unique resistant mechanism of these treatments, which might help to focus and accelerate therapeutic research that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with prostate cancer. Level of evidence: Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Qingyong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, P.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China
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27
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Lugassy C, Vermeulen PB, Ribatti D, Pezzella F, Barnhill RL. Vessel co-option and angiotropic extravascular migratory metastasis: a continuum of tumour growth and spread? Br J Cancer 2022; 126:973-980. [PMID: 34987186 PMCID: PMC8980005 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two fields of cancer research have emerged dealing with the biology of tumour cells localised to the abluminal vascular surface: vessel co-option (VCo), a non-angiogenic mode of tumour growth and angiotropic extravascular migratory metastasis (EVMM), a non-hematogenous mode of tumour migration and metastasis. VCo is a mechanism by which tumour cells gain access to a blood supply by spreading along existing blood vessels in order to grow locally. Angiotropic EVMM involves "pericytic mimicry" (PM), which is characterised by tumour cells continuously migrating in the place of pericytes distantly along abluminal vascular surfaces. When cancer cells are engaged in PM and EVMM, they migrate along blood vessels beyond the advancing front of the tumour to secondary sites with the formation of regional and distant metastases. In the present perspective, the authors review the current scientific literature, emphasising the analogies between embryogenesis and cancer progression, the re-activation of embryonic signals by "cancer stem cells", and the important role of laminins and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition. This perspective maintains that VCo and angiotropic EVMM constitute complementary processes and represent a continuum of cancer progression from the primary tumour to metastases and of tumour growth to EVMM, analogous to the embryonic development program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lugassy
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Peter B. Vermeulen
- grid.428965.40000 0004 7536 2436Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Center for Oncological Research (CORE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond L. Barnhill
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602University of Paris UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
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28
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Zou W, Zhang Y, Bai G, Zhuang J, Wei L, Wang Z, Sun M, Wang J. siRNA-induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer stem cells through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1969-1978. [PMID: 35229451 PMCID: PMC8980945 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 has shown prognostic values and promising therapeutic potential in multiple human cancers; however, the effects of CD44 silencing on biological behaviors of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have not been fully understood in colorectal cancer. To examine the contribution of siRNA‐induced knockdown of CD44 to the biological features of colorectal CSCs, colorectal CSCs HCT116‐CSCs were generated, and CD44 was knocked down in HCT116‐CSCs using siRNA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of HCT116‐CSCs were measured, and apoptosis and cell‐cycle analyses were performed. The sensitivity of HCT116‐CSCs to oxaliplatin was tested, and xenograft tumor growth assay was performed to examine the role of CD44 in HCT116‐CSCs tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin and vimentin was quantified. siRNA‐induced knockdown of CD44 was found to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion, induce apoptosis, promote cell‐cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase and increase the sensitivity of HCT116‐CSCs to oxaliplatin in HCT116‐CSCs, and knockdown of CD44 suppressed in vivo tumorigenesis and intrapulmonary metastasis of HCT116‐CSCs. Moreover, silencing CD44 resulted in EMT inhibition. Our findings demonstrate that siRNA‐induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis of colorectal CSCs by inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Second Department of Surgery, Xiamen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen City, China
| | - Guangfu Bai
- Department of Emergency, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi City, China
| | - Jialu Zhuang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Lin Wei
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Meiqun Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
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29
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Mahinfar P, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B, Siasi Torbati E. Antiproliferative activity of CD44 siRNA-PEI-PEG nanoparticles in glioblastoma: involvement of AKT signaling. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 17:78-85. [PMID: 34909046 PMCID: PMC8621842 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.329928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive type of cancer which starts inside the brain. GBM cells were found to have similar properties to glioblastoma cancer stem cells. CD44 can be used as a marker of the cancer stem cells in a subset of glioblastoma tumor cells. Recent studies showed that CD44 is involved in developing cancer cells via the protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) signaling pathway. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the CD44 mRNA silencing effects on the glioblastoma cell cycle via AKT signaling pathway. Experimental approach To determine CD44 expression in the samples of the patients with GBM, we used the analysis of data extracted from TCGA database. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression level of genes and proteins. Different cell cycles were evaluated by DAPI staining and flow cytometry. Findings/Results Bioinformatics results showed that CD44 expression level in GBM tumor samples is higher than in normal samples. Effects of poly (ethylene imine)-polyethylene glycol (PEI-PEG)-loaded CD44 siRNA in cell cycle showed that CD44 silencing could inhibit cell cycle in G0-G1 phase by more than 20% compared to the negative control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PEI-PEG-loaded CD44 siRNA reduces the expression of cyclin D1 and CKD-4. According to our findings, this structure also prevented AKT phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473. Conclusion and implications Our results suggest that PEI-PEG-loaded CD44 siRNA may attenuate the cell cycle by suppressing AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mahinfar
- Department of Genetics, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Elham Siasi Torbati
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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30
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Xu Y, Zhong Z, Gao Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Huang H, Zheng J, Zhang K, Zheng X, Goodin S. The Mangrove-Derived Diterpenoid Diaporthe B Inhibits the Stemness and Increases the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211049688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The absolute configuration of diaporthe B, a pimarane diterpene isolated from the mangrove derived endophytic fungus Eutypella sp #3E, was determined by a single-crystal x-ray diffraction study. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of diaporthe B on docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Results of our studies showed that docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells had higher sphere-forming efficiency and an increase in adherence to collagen-coated culture plates. The protein levels of cancer stem cell (CSC)-related markers CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 were higher in the docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells than in the parental cells. Treatment with diaporthe B dose-dependently inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in the resistant cells. Moreover, diaporthe B treatment decreased the sphere-forming efficiency and the adherence to collagen-coated plates in docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells. Diaporthe B also decreased the protein levels of CSC-related markers CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 in the resistant cells. In addition, a combination of diaporthe B and docetaxel had a more potent effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis in the resistant cells than either agent alone. Our studies suggest that diaporthe B inhibits the stemness of prostate cancer cells and may have therapeutic potential for enhancing the efficacy of docetaxel in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Gao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huarong Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Susan Goodin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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31
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Hassn Mesrati M, Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Syahir A. CD44: A Multifunctional Mediator of Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1850. [PMID: 34944493 PMCID: PMC8699317 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a non-kinase cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, has been widely implicated as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. Cells overexpressing CD44 possess several CSC traits, such as self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability, as well as a resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The CD44 gene regularly undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in the standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms. The interaction of such isoforms with ligands, particularly hyaluronic acid (HA), osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), drive numerous cancer-associated signalling. However, there are contradictory results regarding whether high or low CD44 expression is associated with worsening clinicopathological features, such as a higher tumour histological grade, advanced tumour stage and poorer survival rates. Nonetheless, high CD44 expression significantly contributes to enhanced tumourigenic mechanisms, such as cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, migration and stemness; hence, CD44 is an important clinical target. This review summarises current research regarding the different CD44 isoform structures and their roles and functions in supporting tumourigenesis and discusses CD44 expression regulation, CD44-signalling pathways and interactions involved in cancer development. The clinical significance and prognostic value of CD44 and the potential of CD44 as a therapeutic target in cancer are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Hassn Mesrati
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - M. Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Amir Syahir
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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32
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Sun J, Xu Y, Liu J, Cui H, Cao H, Ren J. PDRG1 promotes the proliferation and migration of GBM cells by the MEK/ERK/CD44 pathway. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:500-516. [PMID: 34812552 PMCID: PMC8819344 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 and DNA damage‐regulated gene1 (PDRG1) is overexpressed in diverse carcinomas. Here, we discover that PDRG1 is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the clinical significance, biological role, and underlying molecular mechanisms of PDRG1 in GBM remain unclear. PDRG1 was aberrantly overexpressed in glioma, especially prevalent in GBM, and correlated with poor clinicopathologic features of glioma. The risk score, operational feature curve analysis, Kaplan‐Meier curve, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PDRG1 was an independent prognostic indicator and significantly correlates with disease progression of glioma. A prognostic nomogram was constructed to predict the survival risk of individual patients. The function and pathway enrichment analysis of PDRG1 in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort was performed. PDRG1 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and proliferation of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of PDRG1 knockdown U‐118 MG(U118) cells indicated that biological regulation adhesion, growth and death, cell motility, cell adhesion molecular and proteoglycans in cancer were significantly enriched. Importantly, we found that the expression of adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) was regulated by PDRG1 in GBM. We found that PDRG1 promoted the migration and proliferation of GBM cells via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)/CD44 pathway. Our findings provide proof that PDRG1 upregulation predicts progression and poor prognosis in human gliomas, especially in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wt glioma patients. The study provides new evidence that PDRG1 regulates the expression of CD44 in GBM cells and might promote the migration and proliferation via the MEK/ERK/CD44pathway. PDRG1 might be a novel diagnostic indicator and promising therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huiyue Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haowei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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33
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Meng K, Cao J, Dong Y, Zhang M, Ji C, Wang X. Application of Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Important Pathways and Hub Genes in Ovarian Cancer Affected by WT1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:741051. [PMID: 34692659 PMCID: PMC8526536 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.741051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor gene (WT1) is used as a marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms involving WT1 in ovarian cancer require further study. Herein, we used bioinformatics and other methods to identify important pathways and hub genes in ovarian cancer affected by WT1. The results showed that WT1 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and is closely related to the overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) of ovarian cancer. In ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, WT1 downregulation increased the mRNA expression of 638 genes and decreased the mRNA expression of 512 genes, which were enriched in the FoxO, AMPK, and the Hippo signaling pathways. The STRING online tool and Cytoscape software were used to construct a Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and for Module analysis, and 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected. Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis revealed that 16 of 18 genes were related to prognosis. Analysis of GEPIA datasets indicated that 7 of 16 genes were differentially expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and in normal tissues. The expression of IGFBP1 and FBN1 genes increased significantly after WT1 interference, while the expression of the SERPINA1 gene decreased significantly. The correlation between WT1 expression and that of these three genes was consistent with that of ovarian cancer tissues and normal tissues. According to the GeneMANIA online website analysis, there were complex interactions between WT1, IGFBP1, FBN1, SERPINA1, and 20 other genes. In conclusion, we have identified important signaling pathways involving WT1 that affect ovarian cancer, and distinguished three differentially expressed genes regulated by WT1 associated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Our findings provide evidence outlining mechanisms involving WT1 gene expression in ovarian cancer and provides a rational for novel treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinghe Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yehao Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunfeng Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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34
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Sui Y, Hu W, Zhang W, Li D, Zhu H, You Q, Zhu R, Yi Q, Tang T, Gao L, Zhu S, Yang T. Insights into homeobox B9: a propeller for metastasis in dormant prostate cancer progenitor cells. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1003-1015. [PMID: 34247196 PMCID: PMC8476533 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure and cancer-related deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Our previous study demonstrated that a CD44+ subpopulation isolated from PCa cells or tumours possesses both stem cell properties and metastatic potential, serving as metastatic prostate cancer stem cells (mPCSCs) in PCa metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we established PCa models via the orthotopic and subcutaneous implantation of different human PCa cancer cell lines, and compared the metastatic efficacy, after which process function analysis of target genes was pinpointed. RESULTS Several novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between orthotopic and ectopic tumours were identified. Among them, human homeobox B9 (HOXB9) transcription factor was found to be essential for PCa metastasis, as evidenced by the diminished number of lung metastatic foci derived from orthotopic implantation with HOXB9-deficient CWR22 cells, compared with the control. In addition, HOXB9 protein expression was upregulated in PCa tissues, compared with paracancer and benign prostate hyperplasia tissues. It was also positively correlated with Gleason scores. Gain- and loss-of-function assays showed that HOXB9 altered the expression of various tumour metastasis- and cancer stem cell (CSC) growth-related genes in a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-dependent manner. Moreover, HOXB9 was overexpressed in an ALDH+CD44+CXCR4+CD24+ subpopulation of PCa cells that exhibited enhanced TGFβ-dependent tumorigenic and metastatic abilities, compared with other isogenic PCa cells. This suggests that HOXB9 may contribute to PCa tumorigenesis and metastasis via TGFβ signalling. Of note, ALDH+CD44+CXCR4+CD24+-PCa cells exhibited resistance to castration and antiandrogen therapy and were present in human PCa tissues. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study identified HOXB9 as a critical regulator of metastatic mPCSC behaviour. This occurs through altering the expression of a panel of CSC growth- and invasion/metastasis-related genes via TGFβ signalling. Thus, targeting HOXB9 is a potential novel therapeutic PCa treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sui
- grid.412615.5Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- grid.477929.6Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dejian Li
- grid.477929.6Department of Othopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- grid.477929.6Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua You
- grid.477929.6Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujian Zhu
- grid.477929.6Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Yi
- grid.477929.6Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lili Gao
- grid.477929.6Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjuan Zhu
- grid.477929.6Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- grid.477929.6Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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35
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Cinar B, Alp E, Al-Mathkour M, Boston A, Dwead A, Khazaw K, Gregory A. The Hippo pathway: an emerging role in urologic cancers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:301-317. [PMID: 34541029 PMCID: PMC8446764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls several biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, motility, stemness, cell contact, immune cell maturation, organ size, and tumorigenesis. The Hippo pathway core kinases MST1/2 and LATS1/2 in mammals phosphorylate and inactivate YAP1 signaling. Increasing evidence indicates that loss of MST1/2 and LATS1/2 function is linked to the biology of many cancer types with poorer outcomes, likely due to the activation of oncogenic YAP1/TEAD signaling. Therefore, there is a renewed interest in blocking the YAP1/TEAD functions to prevent cancer growth. This review introduces the Hippo pathway components and examines their role and therapeutic potentials in prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Cinar
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esma Alp
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marwah Al-Mathkour
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ava Boston
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Dwead
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kezhan Khazaw
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexis Gregory
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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36
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Du D, Cao X, Duan X, Zhang X. Blocking circ_0014130 suppressed drug resistance and malignant behaviors of docetaxel resistance-acquired NSCLC cells via regulating miR-545-3p-YAP1 axis. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:571-584. [PMID: 34349347 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences have claimed that circular RNAs are deregulated in docetaxel (DTX) resistance in malignant tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hsa_circ_0014130 (circ_0014130) is a new biomarker in NSCLC. However, its role in DTX-resistant NSCLC remained to be annotated. In this study, real-time PCR was used to measure expression of circ_0014130, and circ_0014130 was upregulated in NSCLC tumors and DTX-resistant NSCLC cells (NCI-H1299/DTX and A549/DTX). MTT assay analyzed the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DTX, and it was lowered by circ_0014130 interference in DTX-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assays, and xenograft tumor model revealed that silencing circ_0014130 facilitated apoptosis rate of DTX-resistant NSCLC cells, suppressed the colony formation, migration and invasion, and retarded xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed that circ_0014130 was one competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miRNA (miR)-545-3p, and circ_0014130 modulated expression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a target gene for miR-545-3p. YAP1 upregulation and miR-545-3p downregulation were allied with circ_0014130 upregulation in NSCLC tumors and DTX-resistant NSCLC cells. Functionally, downregulating miR-545-3p could abate the effects of circ_0014130 knockdown in DTX-resistant NSCLC cells in vitro, whereas its overexpression exerted similar effects of circ_0014130 knockdown. Either, restoring YAP1 partially reversed miR-545-3p effects in DTX-resistant NSCLC cells. Collectively, there might be a novel circ_0014130-miR-545-3p-YAP1 ceRNA pathway in regulation of chemoresistance and malignant behaviors of DTX-resistant NSCLC cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for DTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Du
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| | - Xiaoci Cao
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| | - Xinbo Duan
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
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37
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Dzobo K, Sinkala M. Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 Plays Multiple Key Roles in Human Cancers: Immune Suppression/Evasion, Drug Resistance, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metastasis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:313-332. [PMID: 33961518 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequently utilized cancer stem cell markers in human cancers, including colorectal cancer and breast cancer, is CD44. A glycoprotein, CD44, traverses the cell membrane and binds to many ligands, including hyaluronan, resulting in activation of signaling cascades. There are conflicting data, however, on expression of CD44 in relationship to subtypes of cancers. Moreover, the associations of CD44 expression with drug resistance, immune infiltration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and clinical prognosis in several cancer types are not clear and call for further studies. We report here an original study on CD44 expression in several human cancers and its relationship with tumorigenesis. We harnessed data from the publicly available databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Oncomine, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer, and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Our analysis reveals that CD44 expression varies across cancer types and is significantly associated with cancer patients' survival, in gastric and pancreatic cancers (p < 0.05). In addition, CD44 expression is closely linked with immune infiltration and immune suppressive features in pancreatic, colon adenocarcinoma, and stomach cancer. High CD44 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of drug resistance, EMT, and metastasis associated genes. Tumors expressing high CD44 have higher mutation burden and afflict older patients compared to tumors expressing low CD44. Cell lines expressing high CD44 are more resistant to anticancer drugs compared to those expressing low CD44. Protein-protein interaction investigations and functional enrichment analysis showed that CD44 interacts with gene products related to cell-substrate adhesion, migration, platelet activation, and cellular response to stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that these genes play key roles in biological adhesion, cell component organization, locomotion, G-α-signaling, and the response to stimulus. In summary, these findings lend evidence for the multiple key roles played by CD44 in tumorigenesis and suggest that CD44 is considered further in future studies of cancer pathogenesis and the search for novel molecular targets and personalized medicine biomarkers in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Division of Computational Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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38
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Langella E, Buonanno M, De Simone G, Monti SM. Intrinsically disordered features of carbonic anhydrase IX proteoglycan-like domain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2059-2067. [PMID: 33201250 PMCID: PMC11072538 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
hCA IX is a multi-domain protein belonging to the family of hCAs which are ubiquitous zinc enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3- and H+. hCA IX is a tumor-associated enzyme with a limited distribution in normal tissues, but over-expressed in many tumors, and is a promising drug target. Although many studies concerning the CA IX catalytic domain were performed, little is known about the proteoglycan-like (PG-like) domain of hCA IX which has been poorly investigated so far. Here we attempt to fill this gap by providing an overview on the functional, structural and therapeutic studies of the PG-like domain of hCA IX which represents a unique feature within the CA family. The main studies and recent advances concerning PG role in modulating hCA IX catalytic activity as well as in tumor spreading and migration are here reported. Special attention has been paid to the newly discovered disordered features of the PG domain which open new perspectives about its molecular mechanisms of action under physiological and pathological conditions, since disorder is likely involved in mediating interactions with partner proteins. The emerged disordered features of PG domain will be explored for putative diagnostic and therapeutic applications involving CA IX targeting in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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39
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Lee N, Xia X, Meng H, Zhu W, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhang C, Zhang J, Luo P. Identification of a novel CpG methylation signature to predict prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:63-73. [PMID: 32924987 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation plays a vital role in modulating genomic function and warrants evaluation as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to identify effective potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis and drug sensitivity in LUSC. METHODS A univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, a random survival forests-variable hunting (RSFVH) algorithm, and a multivariate Cox regression analysis were adopted to analyze the methylation profile of patients with LUSC included in public databases: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULTS A methylated region consisting of 3 sites (cg06675147, cg07064331, cg20429172) was selected. Patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group in the training dataset. High-risk patients had shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82-4.07, P< 0.001) compared with low-risk patients. The accuracy of the prognostic signature was validated in the test and validation cohorts (TCGA, n= 94; GSE56044, n= 23). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) showed that activity in the cell cycle/mitotic, ERBB, and ERK/MAPK pathways was higher in the high-risk compared with the low-risk group, which may lead to differences in OS.Interestingly, we observed that patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to gemcitabine and docetaxel than the low-risk group, which is consistent with results of the GSVA. CONCLUSION We report novel methylation sites that could be used as powerful tools for predicting risk factors for poorer survival in patients with LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lee
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuelian Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Luo He Central Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiankai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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40
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Cai Y, Chen K, Cheng C, Xu Y, Cheng Q, Xu G, Wu Y, Wu Z. Prp19 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker and Promotes Neuroblastoma Metastasis by Regulating the Hippo-YAP Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:575366. [PMID: 33224878 PMCID: PMC7667276 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.575366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (Prp19) was previously reported to be involved in tumor progression. However, Prp19 expression and its functions remain elusive in neuroblastoma. Here, we aim to identify the functions and mechanisms of Prp19 in neuroblastoma. Neuroblastic tumor tissue microarrays and two independent validation data sets indicate that Prp19 is associated with high-risk markers and bone marrow metastasis and serves as a prognostic marker for worse clinical outcomes with neuroblastoma. Gain- and loss-of-expression assays reveal that Prp19 promotes invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA-seq data shows that the expressions of YAP and its downstream genes are significantly inhibited after downregulation of Prp19. Prp19 and YAP expression in metastatic lymph nodes is higher than in situ neuroblastoma tissue. Further experiments show that Prp19 regulates YAP expression and consequently affects cell invasion, migration, and EMT in neuroblastoma by pre-mRNA splicing of YAP. In conclusion, our findings provide the first evidence that Prp19 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghu Xu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Top-Priority Clinical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Top-Priority Clinical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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41
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Rizzo M. Mechanisms of docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer: The key role played by miRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188481. [PMID: 33217485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the main problems with the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer is that, despite an initial positive response, the majority of patients develop resistance and progress. In particular, the resistance to docetaxel, the gold standard therapy for metastatic prostate cancer since 2010, represents one of the main factors responsible for the failure of prostate cancer therapy. According to the present knowledge, different processes contribute to the appearance of docetaxel resistance and non-coding RNA seems to play a relevant role in them. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the miRNA network involved in docetaxel resistance is described, highlighting the pathway/s affected by their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rizzo
- Non-coding RNA Group, Functional Genetics and Genomics Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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42
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Zhang Y, Lai H, Chen P, Li D, Khan I, Hsiao WLW, Fan X, Yao X, Wu Q, Wang M, Leung EL. Clinical significance of LSECtin and its association with PVR in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1393. [PMID: 33313138 PMCID: PMC7723651 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (LSECtin) is one of the new generation immune checkpoint ligand molecules and plays an important role in the immune environment. Poliovirus receptor (PVR), as another immunosuppression-related molecule, is upregulated in various malignant tumors. However, the clinical value of LSECtin and the correlation of LSECtin with PVR in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain to be elucidated. In this study, a retrospective study was performed to address these issues. Methods This retrospective study included 98 patients with NSCLC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of LSECtin and PVR in the paraffin-embedded tumor tissue specimens. LSECtin was analyzed for associations with the survival rate and overall survival (OS) of the subjects. The mRNA expression of LSECtin and PVR was assessed using the expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Clinical characteristics, prognosis, and the expression of LSECtin and PVR were included in the statistical analysis. Results High positive rates of LSECtin were found in the patients with NSCLC who were nonsmokers, at advanced stages, or had lung adenocarcinoma. Patients with positive LSECtin expression had a significantly lower survival rate (P=0.008) and shorter OS (P=0.017) than those with negative LSECtin. Significant correlation was found between the LSECtin and PVR expression in the patients with NSCLC (P<0.001). Conclusions The increased expression of LSECtin was related to the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC after tumor resection and has the potential value for predicting the prognosis of these patients. The positive correlation between LSECtin and PVR in NSCLC provides a theoretical basis for the future combination therapy of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Huanling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Wen Luan Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Xingxing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Elaine Laihan Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
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Xiao Y, Cui G, Ren X, Hao J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang H, Hao C, Duan H. A Novel Four-Gene Signature Associated With Immune Checkpoint for Predicting Prognosis in Lower-Grade Glioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605737. [PMID: 33381460 PMCID: PMC7769121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall survival of patients with lower grade glioma (LGG) varies greatly, but the current histopathological classification has limitations in predicting patients’ prognosis. Therefore, this study aims to find potential therapeutic target genes and establish a gene signature for predicting the prognosis of LGG. CD44 is a marker of tumor stem cells and has prognostic value in various tumors, but its role in LGG is unclear. By analyzing three glioma datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, CD44 was upregulated in LGG. We screened 10 CD44-related genes via protein–protein interaction (PPI) network; function enrichment analysis demonstrated that these genes were associated with biological processes and signaling pathways of the tumor; survival analysis showed that four genes (CD44, HYAL2, SPP1, MMP2) were associated with the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)of LGG; a novel four-gene signature was constructed. The prediction model showed good predictive value over 2-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year survival probability in both the development and validation sets. The risk score effectively divided patients into high- and low- risk groups with a distinct outcome. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the risk score and status of IDH were independent prognostic predictors of LGG. Among three LGG subgroups based on the presence of molecular parameters, IDH-mutant gliomas have a favorable OS, especially if combined with 1p/19q codeletion, which further confirmed the distinct biological pattern between three LGG subgroups, and the gene signature is able to divide LGG patients with the same IDH status into high- and low- risk groups. The high-risk group possessed a higher expression of immune checkpoints and was related to the activation of immunosuppressive pathways. Finally, this study provided a convenient tool for predicting patient survival. In summary, the four prognostic genes may be therapeutic targets and prognostic predictors for LGG; this four-gene signature has good prognostic prediction ability and can effectively distinguish high- and low-risk patients. High-risk patients are associated with higher immune checkpoint expression and activation of the immunosuppressive pathway, providing help for screening immunotherapy-sensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xingguang Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hubin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, China
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44
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Iannelli F, Roca MS, Lombardi R, Ciardiello C, Grumetti L, De Rienzo S, Moccia T, Vitagliano C, Sorice A, Costantini S, Milone MR, Pucci B, Leone A, Di Gennaro E, Mancini R, Ciliberto G, Bruzzese F, Budillon A. Synergistic antitumor interaction of valproic acid and simvastatin sensitizes prostate cancer to docetaxel by targeting CSCs compartment via YAP inhibition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:213. [PMID: 33032653 PMCID: PMC7545949 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the introduction of several novel therapeutic approaches that improved survival, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains an incurable disease. Herein we report the synergistic antitumor interaction between two well-known drugs used for years in clinical practice, the antiepileptic agent with histone deacetylase inhibitory activity valproic acid and the cholesterol lowering agent simvastatin, in mCRPC models. METHODS Synergistic anti-tumor effect was assessed on PC3, 22Rv1, DU145, DU145R80, LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines and EPN normal prostate epithelial cells, by calculating combination index (CI), caspase 3/7 activation and colony formation assays as well as on tumor spheroids and microtissues scored with luminescence 3D-cell viability assay. Cancer stem cells (CSC) compartment was studied evaluating specific markers by RT-PCR, western blotting and flow cytometry as well as by limiting dilution assay. Cholesterol content was evaluated by 1H-NMR. Overexpression of wild-type YAP and constitutively active YAP5SA were obtained by lipofectamine-based transfection and evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT-PCR. 22Rv1 R_39 docetaxel resistant cells were selected by stepwise exposure to increasing drug concentrations. In vivo experiments were performed on xenograft models of DU145R80, 22Rv1 parental and docetaxel resistant cells, in athymic mice. RESULTS We demonstrated the capacity of the combined approach to target CSC compartment by a novel molecular mechanism based on the inhibition of YAP oncogene via concurrent modulation of mevalonate pathway and AMPK. Because both CSCs and YAP activation have been associated with chemo-resistance, we tested if the combined approach can potentiate docetaxel, a standard of care in mCRCP treatment. Indeed, we demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo models, the ability of valproic acid/simvastatin combination to sensitize mCRPC cells to docetaxel and to revert docetaxel-resistance, by mevalonate pathway/YAP axis modulation. CONCLUSION Overall, mCRPC progression and therapeutic resistance driven by CSCs via YAP, can be tackled by the combined repurposing of two generic and safe drugs, an approach that warrants further clinical development in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Iannelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciardiello
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Grumetti
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona De Rienzo
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Moccia
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sorice
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Milone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via Ammiraglio Bianco, 83013, Mercogliano, AV, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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45
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Chen B, Ye P, Chen Y, Liu T, Cha JH, Yan X, Yang WH. Involvement of the Estrogen and Progesterone Axis in Cancer Stemness: Elucidating Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Significance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1657. [PMID: 33014829 PMCID: PMC7498570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone regulate the growth and development of human tissues, including the reproductive system and breasts, through estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. These receptors are also important indicators for the clinical prognosis of breast cancer and various reproductive cancers. Many studies have reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Although the role of estrogen and progesterone in human organs and various cancers has been studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of these hormones on CSCs remain unclear. Therefore, further elucidation of the effects of estrogen and progesterone on CSCs should provide a new direction for developing pertinent therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the estrogen and progesterone axis involved in cancer stemness and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to inhibit CSCs by targeting relevant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,The Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sekino Y, Teishima J. Molecular mechanisms of docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:676-685. [PMID: 35582222 PMCID: PMC8992564 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) chemotherapy offers excellent initial response and confers significant survival benefit in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the clinical utility of DTX is compromised when primary and acquired resistance are encountered. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of DTX resistance mechanisms may potentially improve survival in patients with CRPC. This review focuses on DTX and discusses its mechanisms of resistance. We outline the involvement of tubulin alterations, androgen receptor (AR) signaling/AR variants, ERG rearrangements, drug efflux/influx, cancer stem cells, centrosome clustering, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling in mediating DTX resistance. Furthermore, potential biomarkers for DTX treatment and therapeutic strategies to circumvent DTX resistance are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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47
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Bladder Cancer Metastasis Induced by Chronic Everolimus Application Can Be Counteracted by Sulforaphane In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155582. [PMID: 32759798 PMCID: PMC7432076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic treatment with the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, fails long-term in preventing tumor growth and dissemination in cancer patients. Thus, patients experiencing treatment resistance seek complementary measures, hoping to improve therapeutic efficacy. This study investigated metastatic characteristics of bladder carcinoma cells exposed to everolimus combined with the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), which has been shown to exert cancer inhibiting properties. RT112, UMUC3, or TCCSUP bladder carcinoma cells were exposed short- (24 h) or long-term (8 weeks) to everolimus (0.5 nM) or SFN (2.5 µM), alone or in combination. Adhesion and chemotaxis along with profiling details of CD44 receptor variants (v) and integrin α and β subtypes were evaluated. The functional impact of CD44 and integrins was explored by blocking studies and siRNA knock-down. Long-term exposure to everolimus enhanced chemotactic activity, whereas long-term exposure to SFN or the SFN-everolimus combination diminished chemotaxis. CD44v4 and v7 increased on RT112 cells following exposure to SFN or SFN-everolimus. Up-regulation of the integrins α6, αV, and β1 and down-regulation of β4 that was present with everolimus alone could be prevented by combining SFN and everolimus. Down-regulation of αV, β1, and β4 reduced chemotactic activity, whereas knock-down of CD44 correlated with enhanced chemotaxis. SFN could, therefore, inhibit resistance-related tumor dissemination during everolimus-based bladder cancer treatment.
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Zhou C, Fan N, Liu F, Fang N, Plum PS, Thieme R, Gockel I, Gromnitza S, Hillmer AM, Chon SH, Schlösser HA, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Linking Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity to Therapeutic Resistance-Mechanism and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Esophageal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061481. [PMID: 32560537 PMCID: PMC7349233 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive form of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC) as two predominant histological subtypes. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to initiate and maintain EAC or ESCC. In this review, we aim to collect the current evidence on CSCs in esophageal cancer, including the biomarkers/characterization strategies of CSCs, heterogeneity of CSCs, and the key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, YAP, JAK/STAT3) in modulating CSCs during esophageal cancer progression. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance in EC highlights DNA damage response (DDR), metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the role of the crosstalk of CSCs and their niche in the tumor progression. According to these molecular findings, potential therapeutic implications of targeting esophageal CSCs may provide novel strategies for the clinical management of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Ningbo Fan
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Fanyu Liu
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nan Fang
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Yaogu Avenue 11, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Patrick S. Plum
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Sascha Gromnitza
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Axel M. Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Seung-Hun Chon
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Hans A. Schlösser
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-4783-0601; Fax: +49-221-4783-0664
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Ghamkhari A, Abbasi F, Abbasi E, Ghorbani M. A novel thermo-responsive system based on β-cyclodextrin-nanocomposite for improving the docetaxel activity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1765357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliyeh Ghamkhari
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghorbani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Matsuda Y, Narita S, Nara T, Mingguo H, Sato H, Koizumi A, Kanda S, Numakura K, Saito M, Inoue T, Hiroshima Y, Nanjo H, Satoh S, Tsuchiya N, Habuchi T. Impact of nuclear YAP1 expression in residual cancer after neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy with docetaxel for high-risk localized prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:302. [PMID: 32293349 PMCID: PMC7333261 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although docetaxel-based chemohormonal therapy (CHT) is one of the standard treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), pertinent biomarkers and precise mechanisms involved in the resistance for CHT for CRPC remain unknown. We investigated the relationship between chemohormonal resistance and the expression of steroid receptors and Hippo pathway proteins using a docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cell line and human PCa tissues in patients who underwent surgery with and without neoadjuvant therapy. Methods A docetaxel-resistant subline (22Rv1-DR) was generated to assess Hippo pathway protein expression and the effect of YAP1 inhibition on cellular characteristics. A tissue microarray with 203 cores from 70 high-risk localized PCa tissues was performed to assess steroid receptor and Hippo pathway protein expressions. Results Nuclear YAP (nYAP) expression was higher in 22RV-1-DR than in parental 22Rv-1 and YAP1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation of 22Rv1-DR. Steroid receptor and Hippo pathway protein expressions varied among three different neoadjuvant groups, and nYAP1 expression was the highest in the CHT group. The patients with high nYAP in residual cancer after neoadjuvant CHT had a significantly higher biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate than those with low nYAP1. On multivariate analysis, the high nYAP1 was an independent prognostic factor for BCR. Conclusions nYAP expression is a potential biomarker in high-risk patients treated with docetaxel-based CHT. Steroid receptors and Hippo pathway proteins may play a role in the chemohormonal resistance in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Matsuda
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Taketoshi Nara
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Huang Mingguo
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Atsushi Koizumi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Sohei Kanda
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Inoue
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuko Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeru Satoh
- Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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