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Qi L, Xing J, Yuan Y, Lei M. Noncoding RNAs in atherosclerosis: regulation and therapeutic potential. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1279-1295. [PMID: 37418054 PMCID: PMC11116212 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic disease of arteries, results in high mortality worldwide as the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. The development of clinically relevant atherosclerosis involves the dysfunction of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. A large amount of evidence indicates that noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Recently, noncoding RNAs were identified as key regulators in the development of atherosclerosis, including the dysfunction of endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells and it is pertinent to understand the potential function of noncoding RNAs in atherosclerosis development. In this review, the latest available research relates to the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs in the progression of atherosclerosis and the therapeutic potential for atherosclerosis is summarized. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the regulatory and interventional roles of ncRNAs in atherosclerosis and to inspire new insights for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/therapy
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Animals
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Qi
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixiang Xing
- Peripheral Vascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300150, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuesong Yuan
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200137, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Leduc L, Leclère M, Gauthier LG, Marcil O, Lavoie J. Severe asthma in horses is associated with increased airway innervation. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:485-494. [PMID: 38054207 PMCID: PMC10800206 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered innervation structure and function contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness in human asthma, yet the role of innervation in airflow limitation in asthma in horses remains unknown. HYPOTHESIS To characterize peribronchial innervation in horses with asthma. We hypothesized that airway innervation increases in horses with asthma compared with controls. ANIMALS Formalin-fixed lung samples from 8 horses with severe asthma and 8 healthy horses from the Equine Respiratory Tissue Biobank. Ante-mortem lung function was recorded. METHODS Blinded case-control study. Immunohistochemistry was performed using rabbit anti-s100 antibody as a neuronal marker for myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. The number and cumulative area of nerves in the peribronchial region and associated with airway smooth muscle were recorded using histomorphometry and corrected for airway size. RESULTS Both the number (median [IQR]: 1.87 × 10-5 nerves/μm2 [1.28 × 10-5 ]) and the cumulative nerve area (CNA; 1.03 × 10-3 CNA/μm2 [1.57 × 10-3 ]) were higher in the peribronchial region of horses with asthma compared with controls (5.17 × 10-6 nerves/μm2 [3.76 × 10-6 ], 4.14 × 10-4 CNA/μm2 [2.54 × 10-4 ], Mann-Whitney, P = .01). The number of nerves within or lining airway smooth muscle was significantly higher in horses with asthma (4.47 × 10-6 nerves/μm2 [5.75 × 10-6 ]) compared with controls (2.26 × 10-6 nerves/μm2 [1.16 × 10-6 ], Mann-Whitney, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Asthma in horses is associated with greater airway innervation, possibly contributing to airway smooth muscle remodeling and exacerbating severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Leduc
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine VétérinaireUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuebecCanada
| | - Mathilde Leclère
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine VétérinaireUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuebecCanada
| | | | | | - Jean‐Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine VétérinaireUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuebecCanada
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Jin HJ, Wu ZH, Zhang BF, Deng J, Xu YD, Wang XY, Song ZY, Lu XW, Wang WT, Zheng XT. CDKN2B-AS1 mediates proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by insulin. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:455-469. [PMID: 37907763 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to the intimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. We aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) in VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as the underlying mechanism. T2DM model mice with carotid balloon injury were used in vivo and mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) stimulated by insulin were used in vitro to assess the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in VSMC proliferation and migration following vascular injury in T2DM state. To investigate cell viability and migration, MTT assay and Transwell assay were conducted. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA-pull down, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed. In vivo, CDKN2B-AS1 was up-regulated in common carotid artery tissues. In vitro, insulin treatment increased CDKN2B-AS1 level, enhanced MOVAS cell proliferation and migration, while the promoting effect was reversed by CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown. CDKN2B-AS1 forms a complex with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1 (DNMT1) to regulate smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) methylation levels. In insulin-stimulated cells, SM22α knockdown abrogated the inhibitory effect of CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown on cell viability and migration. Injection of lentivirus-sh-CDKN2B-AS1 relieved intimal hyperplasia in T2DM mice with carotid balloon injury. Up-regulation of CDKN2B-AS1 induced by insulin promotes cell proliferation and migration by targeting SM22α through forming a complex with EZH2 and DNMT1, thereby aggravating the intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, China
| | - Zi-Heng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bao-Fu Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, China
| | - Yin-Dong Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Institute of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Song
- Institute of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xin-Wu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wan-Tie Wang
- Institute of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Xiang-Tao Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, China.
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Kang H, Ga YJ, Kim SH, Cho YH, Kim JW, Kim C, Yeh JY. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutic applications against viruses: principles, potential, and challenges. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:88. [PMID: 37845731 PMCID: PMC10577957 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA has emerged as a revolutionary and important tool in the battle against emerging infectious diseases, with roles extending beyond its applications in vaccines, in which it is used in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since their development in the 1990s, RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics have demonstrated potential in reducing the expression of disease-associated genes. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including RNAi therapies, that degrade viral genomes and rapidly adapt to viral mutations, have emerged as alternative treatments. RNAi is a robust technique frequently employed to selectively suppress gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. The swift adaptability of nucleic acid-based therapeutics such as RNAi therapies endows them with a significant advantage over other antiviral medications. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are produced on the basis of sequence complementarity to target and degrade viral RNA, a novel approach to combat viral infections. The precision of siRNAs in targeting and degrading viral RNA has led to the development of siRNA-based treatments for diverse diseases. However, despite the promising therapeutic benefits of siRNAs, several problems, including impaired long-term protein expression, siRNA instability, off-target effects, immunological responses, and drug resistance, have been considerable obstacles to the use of siRNA-based antiviral therapies. This review provides an encompassing summary of the siRNA-based therapeutic approaches against viruses while also addressing the obstacles that need to be overcome for their effective application. Furthermore, we present potential solutions to mitigate major challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hara Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Yun Ji Ga
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Chaeyeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.
- Research Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Academy-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.
- KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-Ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Lee J, Kang H. Nucleolin Regulates Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation under Hypoxia by Modulating miRNA Expression. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050817. [PMID: 36899956 PMCID: PMC10000680 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation and responses to hypoxia. In this study, we observed that the RBP nucleolin (NCL) was downregulated by histone deacetylation in response to hypoxia. We evaluated its regulatory effects on miRNA expression under hypoxic conditions in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). miRNAs associated with NCL were assessed using RNA immunoprecipitation in PASMCs and small RNA sequencing. The expression of a set of miRNAs was increased by NCL but reduced by hypoxia-induced downregulation of NCL. The downregulation of miR-24-3p and miR-409-3p promoted PASMC proliferation under hypoxic conditions. These results clearly demonstrate the significance of NCL-miRNA interactions in the regulation of hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and provide insight into the therapeutic value of RBPs for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hara Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-835-8238; Fax: +82-32-835-0763
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Chu M, Gao H, Esparza P, Pajulas A, Wang J, Kharwadkar R, Gao H, Kaplan MH, Tepper RS. Chronic developmental hypoxia alters rat lung immune cell transcriptomes during allergic airway inflammation. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15600. [PMID: 36750205 PMCID: PMC9904961 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations that are born and raised at high altitude develop under conditions of chronic developmental hypoxia (CDH), which results in pulmonary adaptations of increased lung volume and diffusion capacity to increase gas exchange. It is not clear how CDH may alter allergic inflammation in the lung. In this study, we sought to characterize the impact of CDH on immune cell populations in the rat lung during a murine model of asthma. Rats were bred and raised in either hypoxic (15% oxygen, CDH) or normobaric room air (20% oxygen). At 3-weeks of age, animals were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) or physiologic saline (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) as a control, followed by three consecutive days of intra-nasal OVA or PBS at 6-weeks of age. We then assessed airway reactivity and allergic-associated cytokine levels. This was followed by single-cell transcriptomic profiling of lung cell populations. In scRNA-seq analysis, we assessed differentially expressed genes, differentially enriched functional pathways, immune cell exhaustion/activation markers, and immune cell secretory products. Our results show that while OVA heightened airway reactivity, CDH suppressed airway reactivity in OVA-challenged and control animals. Through scRNA-seq analysis, we further demonstrate that CDH alters the transcriptional landscape in the lung and alters transcriptional programs in immune cells. These data define CDH-dependent changes in the lung that impact airway reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chu
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Huanling Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Patricia Esparza
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Rakshin Kharwadkar
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Robert S. Tepper
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Research progress on the role of exosomes in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome-related atherosclerosis. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 66:101696. [PMID: 36174425 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis, a multifactorial disease with complicated pathogenesis, is the main cause of CVD, underlying several major adverse cardiovascular events. Obesity is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and a significant risk for atherosclerosis. OSA is an independent risk factor for CVD. Recent research has focused on understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which OSA influences atherosclerosis pathogenesis. The role of exosomes in this process has attracted considerable attention. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV) that are released from many cells (both healthy and diseased) and mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, mRNAs, DNA, or lipids to target cells, thereby modulating the functions of target cells and tissues. Intermittent hypoxia in OSA alters the exosomal carrier in circulation and promotes the permeability and dysfunction of endothelial cells, which have been associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This review discusses the potential roles of exosomes and exosome-derived molecules in the development and progression of OSA-related atherosclerosis. Additionally, we explore the possible mechanisms underlying OSA-related atherosclerosis and provide new insights for the development of novel exosome-based therapeutics for OSA-related atherosclerosis and CVD.
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MiRNA-29b and miRNA-497 Modulate the Expression of Carboxypeptidase X Member 2, a Candidate Gene Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042263. [PMID: 35216380 PMCID: PMC8880112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, a novel candidate gene encoding the carboxypeptidase X member 2 (CPXM2) was found to be associated with hypertension-induced LVH. CPXM2 belongs to the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases, yet it lacks detectable enzyme activity, and its function remains unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of micro (mi)RNA-29b, miRNA-195, and miRNA-497 on the posttranscriptional expression control of CPXM2. Candidate miRNAs for CPXM2 expression control were identified in silico. CPXM2 expression in rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) was characterized via real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Direct miRNA/target mRNA interaction was analysed by dual luciferase assay. CPXM2 was expressed in H9C2 and co-localised with z-disc associated protein PDZ and LIM domain 3 (Pdlim3). Transfection of H9C2 with miRNA-29b, miRNA-195, and miRNA-497 led to decreased levels of CPXM2 mRNA and protein, respectively. Results of dual luciferase assays revealed that miRNA-29b and miRNA-497, but not miRNA-195, directly regulated CPXM2 expression on a posttranscriptional level via binding to the 3′UTR of CPXM2 mRNA. We identified two miRNAs capable of the direct posttranscriptional expression control of CPXM2 expression in rat cardiomyocytes. This novel data may help to shed more light on the—so far—widely unexplored expression control of CPXM2 and its potential role in LVH.
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Sun Z, Liu Y, Hu R, Wang T, Li Y, Liu N. Metformin inhibits pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulating p21 via NONRATT015587.2. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:49. [PMID: 35147202 PMCID: PMC8904078 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a complex and progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our previous study confirmed that NONRATT015587.2 could promote the proliferation of PASMCs and pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, the exact mechanism by which NONRATT015587.2 promotes PASMC proliferation is unclear. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that p21 is located at the downstream target of NONRATT015587.2. NONRATT015587.2 expression and localization were analyzed by PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and western blotting. In the current study, a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model and cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used in vitro to elucidate the exact mechanism of NONRATT015587.2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling, alongside the effect following metformin (MET) treatment on vascular remodeling and smooth muscle cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that NONRATT015587.2 expression was upregulated in the MCT group and reduced in the MET + MCT group. In addition, NONRATT015587.2 could promote the proliferation of PASMCs. The expression levels of p21 were reduced in the MCT group, but increased in the MCT + MET group. Additionally, the expression of NONRATT015587.2 was upregulated in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced PASMCs, whereas that of p21 was downregulated. Following MET treatment, the expression of NONRATT015587.2 was downregulated and that of p21 was upregulated, which inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs. After overexpression of NONRATT015587.2 in vitro, the proliferation effect of PASMCs was consistent with exogenous PDGF-BB treatment, and MET reversed this effect. NONRATT015587.2 silencing inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs. In addition, p21 silencing reversed the inhibitory effect of NONRATT015587.2 silencing on the proliferation of PASMCs. However, the proliferation of PASMCs was inhibited following MET treatment when NONRATT015587.2 and p21 were silenced at the same time. Thus, NONRATT015587.2 promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by targeting p21, and MET inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs by upregulating p21 mediated via NONRATT015587.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxian Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Tianyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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11
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Zang H, Zhang Q, Li X. Non-Coding RNA Networks in Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Genet 2021; 12:703860. [PMID: 34917122 PMCID: PMC8669616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various cellular processes. There are several ncRNA classes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The detailed roles of these molecules in pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain unclear. We systematically collected and reviewed reports describing the functions of ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) in PH through database retrieval and manual literature reading. The characteristics of identified articles, especially the experimental methods, were carefully reviewed. Furthermore, regulatory networks were constructed using ncRNAs and their interacting RNAs or genes. These data were extracted from studies on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, pulmonary artery endothelial cells, and pulmonary artery fibroblasts. We included 14 lncRNAs, 1 circRNA, 74 miRNAs, and 110 mRNAs in the constructed networks. Using these networks, herein, we describe the current knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in PH. Moreover, these networks actively provide an improved understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in PH. The results of this study are crucial for the clinical application of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Role of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in progression of atherosclerosis. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:1051-1061. [PMID: 34743301 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are critical events that contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and hypertension. Recent findings have revealed that VSMC phenotype switching is associated with metabolic switch, which is related to the role of mitochondria. Mitochondrial dynamics are directly associated with mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis. Interestingly, it has been suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy play crucial roles in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration through various mechanisms. Especially, dynamin-related protein-1 and mitofusion-2 are two main molecules that play a key role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics to induce VSMC proliferation and migration. Therefore, this review describes the function and role of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in VSMC homeostasis as well as the underlying mechanisms. This will provide insight into the development of innovative approaches to treat atherosclerosis.
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13
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Zhang RY, Wu CM, Hu XM, Lin XM, Hua YN, Chen JJ, Ding L, He X, Yang B, Ping BH, Zheng L, Wang Q. LncRNA AC105942.1 Downregulates hnRNPA2/B1 to Attenuate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:652-661. [PMID: 33781092 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is crucial in the atherosclerosis. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in a variety of diseases, their roles in activation of VSMCs proliferation and vascular disorder diseases are not well understood. In addition, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) was reported to participate in lncRNAs-mediated function. Herein, we propose to investigate the role of lncRNA AC105942.1 and hnRNPA2/B1 in pathological VSMCs proliferation and the possible mechanisms in vitro. We have identified that lncRNA AC105942.1 was downregulated and hnRNPA2/B1 was upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques compared with normal artery tissues. Enhanced lncRNA AC105942.1 could noticeably inhibit Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation. Further investigation suggested that lncRNA AC105942.1 could downregulate the expression of hnRNPA2/B1 and then regulate the level of CDK4 and p27. Taken together, our study indicated that lncRNA AC105942.1 downregulated hnRNPA2B1 to protect against the atherosclerosis by suppressing VSMCs proliferation. LncRNA AC105942.1 and hnRNPA2/B1 could represent potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets to atherosclerosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Neng Hua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Hong Ping
- Hui Qiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Li J, Zhang X, Wang T, Li J, Su Q, Zhong C, Chen Z, Liang Y. The MIR155 host gene/microRNA-627/HMGB1/NF-κB loop modulates fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Life Sci 2021; 269:119085. [PMID: 33482190 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which is characterized by excessive matrix formation, may ultimately lead to irreversible lung damage and thus death. Fibroblast activation has been regarded as a central event during PF pathogenesis. In our previous study, we confirmed that the miR-627/high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)/Nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) axis modulates transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the upstream factors leading to miR-627 dysregulation in the process of pulmonary fibroblast activation and PF. The lncRNA MIR155 host gene (MIR155HG) was found to be abnormally upregulated in pulmonary fibrosis tissues and TGFβ1-stimulated normal human primary lung fibroblasts (NHLFs). By directly binding to miR-627, MIR155HG inhibited miR-627 expression. MIR155HG overexpression enhanced TGFβ1-induced increases in HMGB1 protein expression and p65 phosphorylation, NHLF proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. In contrast, miR-627 overexpression attenuated the TGFβ1-induced changes in NHLFs and significantly reversed the effects of MIR155HG overexpression. Under TGFβ1 stimulation, miR-627 inhibition promoted, whereas JSH-23 treatment inhibited NF-κB activation; in NHLFs, NF-κB overexpression upregulated, whereas JSH-23 treatment downregulated MIR155HG expression. In tissue samples, HMGB1 protein levels and p65 phosphorylation were increased; MIR155HG was negatively correlated with miR-627 and positively correlated with HMGB1. In conclusion, we validated that the MIR155HG/miR-627/HMGB1/NF-κB axis formed a regulatory loop that modulates TGFβ1-induced NHLF activation. Considering the critical role of NHLF activation in PF pathogenesis, the NF-κB/MIR155HG/miR-627/HMGB1 regulatory loop could exert a vital effect on PF pathogenesis. Further in vivo and clinical investigations are required to confirm this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xueyu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qi Su
- Medical Department, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhongshu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
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15
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MiRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNAs as mediators in hypertension-related vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. Hypertens Res 2020; 44:129-146. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Zhang Z, Qiu M, Du H, Li Q, Yu C, Gan W, Peng H, Xia B, Xiong X, Song X, Yang L, Hu C, Chen J, Yang C, Jiang X. Small RNA sequencing reveals miRNAs important for hypoxic adaptation in the Tibetan chicken. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:632-639. [PMID: 32631087 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1792835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1. The Tibetan chicken, which is an indigenous breed living on the Tibetan Plateau, exhibits hypoxic adaptations to its high-altitude environment. However, the molecular mechanism behind this hypoxic adaptation is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs involved in hypoxic adaptation through high-throughput RNA sequencing. 2. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in chicken embryonic heart tissues and fibroblasts. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the relationship between miRNAs and target genes. 3. The study identified 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in Tibetan chicken embryonic heart tissues, including 20 up- and 17 down-regulated miRNAs, compared to those found in lowland chickens. Differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in biological processes, such as cell cycle arrest, toll-like receptor signalling pathways, and I-kappa B kinase/NF-kappa B signalling. The data showed that gga-miR-34 c-5p was significantly upregulated in Tibetan chicken tissues and hypoxic fibroblasts, while EHHADH, a target gene of gga-miR-34 c-5p, was downregulated. Moreover, gga-miR-34 c-5p dramatically decreased the luciferase activity of the wild EHHADH, whereas no effect on the mutational EHHADH was found. 4. This study identified miRNA expression profiles in the Tibetan chicken and suggested that miR-34 c-5p acts as a novel miRNA associated with hypoxic adaptation. This facilitates the understanding of molecular mechanisms that underlie long-term exposure to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Poultry Research Institute, Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Qiu
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Du
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Li
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Yu
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Gan
- Poultry Research Institute, Shanghai Ying Biotechnology Company , Shanghai, China
| | - H Peng
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Xia
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xiong
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Song
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Yang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hu
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Chen
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Yang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Jiang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Poultry Research Institute, Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Park N, Kang H. BMP-Induced MicroRNA-101 Expression Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134764. [PMID: 32635504 PMCID: PMC7369869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are implicated in blood vessel development, maintenance of vascular homeostasis, and pathogenesis of vascular disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate the regulation of VSMC functions in response to microenvironmental signals. Because a previous study reported that miR-101, a tumor-suppressive miRNA, is a critical regulator of cell proliferation in vascular disease, we hypothesized that miR-101 controls important cellular processes in VSMCs. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of miR-101 on VSMC function and its molecular mechanisms. We revealed that miR-101 regulates VSMC proliferation and migration. We showed that miR-101 expression is induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and we identified dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) as a novel target of miR-101. Our results suggest that the BMP–miR-101–DOCK4 axis mediates the regulation of VSMC function. Our findings help further the understanding of vascular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanju Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Hara Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-835-8238; Fax: +82-32-835-0763
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18
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Lian C, Wang Z, Qiu J, Jiang B, Lv J, He R, Liu R, Li W, Wang J, Wang S. TIM‑3 inhibits PDGF‑BB‑induced atherogenic responses in human artery vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:886-894. [PMID: 32467985 PMCID: PMC7339574 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) displays anti-atherosclerotic effects, but its role in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has not been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the function of TIM-3 and its roles in human artery VSMCs (HASMCs). A protein array was used to investigate the TIM-3 protein expression profile, which indicated that TIM-3 expression was increased in the serum of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans disease (LEAOD) compared with healthy individuals. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting of arterial tissue further revealed that TIM-3 expression was increased in LEAOD artery tissue compared with normal artery tissue. Additionally, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) displayed a positive correlation with TIM-3 expression in HASMCs. TIM-3 decreased the migration and proliferation of PDGF-BB-induced HASMCs, and anti-TIM-3 blocked the effects of TIM-3. The effect of TIM-3 on the proliferation and migration of HASMCs was further investigated using LV-TIM-3-transduced cells. The results revealed that TIM-3 also inhibited PDGF-BB-induced expression of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α by suppressing NF-κB activation. In summary, the present study revealed that TIM-3 displayed a regulatory role during the PDGF-BB-induced inflammatory reaction in HASMCs, which indicated that TIM-3 may display anti-atherosclerotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Lian
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhecun Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiacong Qiu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junbing Lv
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Rongzhou He
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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19
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Chen W, Wu Y, Lu Q, Wang S, Xing D. Endogenous ApoA-I expression in macrophages: A potential target for protection against atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 505:55-59. [PMID: 32092318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ApoA-I is a major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that is widely known for regulating cholesterol trafficking and inflammatory and immune responses and for protecting against atherosclerosis. ApoA-I is generally considered to be synthesized in the liver (hepatocytes) and small intestine (enterocytes). However, computer analysis of ApoA-I has shown that the ApoA-I gene may be expressed in not only hepatocytes and enterocytes but also monocyte-macrophage cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. ApoA-I expression has been detected in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from postmenopausal women, human PBMC-derived monocytes and macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages, etc. Endogenous ApoA-I in macrophages has anti-inflammatory and cholesterol efflux effects. However, our understanding of the detailed roles of macrophage-synthesized ApoA-I is still at an early stage and very limited. More experiments are needed to elucidate the exact roles of endogenous ApoA-I in macrophages. Several lines of evidence indicate that recombinant exogenous human ApoA-I in mouse macrophages increases cholesterol efflux and thus reduces atherosclerosis development. Considering the antiatherogenic effect of exogenous ApoA-I overexpression in mouse macrophages, better understanding the role and mechanisms underlying macrophage-synthesized ApoA-I in atherosclerosis will enable macrophage-synthesized ApoA-I therapy to open new avenues for reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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20
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Johnson LR, Stern JA. Clinical features and outcome in 25 dogs with respiratory-associated pulmonary hypertension treated with sildenafil. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:65-73. [PMID: 31816127 PMCID: PMC6979098 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can develop secondary to many common cardiopulmonary diseases, and the use of sildenafil has improved care of affected dogs. Objective To evaluate response to sildenafil in dogs with respiratory‐associated PH. Animals Twenty‐five dogs with PH. Methods Prospective clinical trial. Doppler echocardiography identified dogs with moderate to severe PH, and additional tests were performed to detect underlying diseases. A 17‐point quality of life (QOL) questionnaire was completed, and sildenafil was prescribed, along with other medications deemed necessary for the management of clinically diagnosed respiratory diseases. After 30 days, dogs returned to the hospital for repeat echocardiogram and QOL survey. Results The median age was 12.4 years, and most dogs were small breed dogs (median weight, 6.5 kg). Syncope (64%), cough (56%), and respiratory difficulty (32%) were the most common presenting complaints. Respiratory diseases associated with PH included tracheobronchomalacia, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory airway disease, and brachycephalic syndrome, with multiple diseases in some dogs. Eight of 25 dogs (32%) died or were euthanized within 1 month. In the remaining dogs, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (83.0 ± 17.4 mm Hg before, 55.4 ± 17.4 mm Hg after) and QOL scores were significantly improved after 1 month of sildenafil. Fifty percent mortality was reached 6 months after study entry, with 4 dogs alive 5 years after diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Sildenafil responsiveness is variable in dogs with respiratory‐associated PH, but improved QOL was demonstrated in dogs surviving >1 month, and long‐term survival was noted in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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