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Pan B, Chen C, Zhao Y, Cai J, Fu S, Liu J. SIRT3: A Potential Target of Different Types of Osteoporosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01254-4. [PMID: 38512537 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common age-related disease. OP is mainly a decrease in bone density and mass caused by the destruction of bone microstructure, which leads to an increase in bone fragility. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial deacetylase that plays critical roles in mitochondrial homeostasis, metabolic regulation, gene transcription, stress response, and gene stability. Studies have shown that the higher expression levels of SIRT3 are associated with decreased levels of oxidative stress in the body and may play important roles in the prevention of age-related diseases. SIRTs can enhance the osteogenic potential and osteoblastic activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells not only by enhancing PGC-1α, FOXO3, SOD2, and oxidative phosphorylation, but also by anti-aging and reducing mitochondrial autophagy. SIRT3 is able to upregulate antioxidant enzymes to exert an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts, however, it has been shown that the inflammatory cascade response can in turn increase SIRT3 and inhibit osteoclast differentiation through the AMPK-PGC-1β pathway. SIRT3 plays an important role in different types of osteoporosis by affecting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal cells. In this review, we discuss the classification and physiological functions of SIRTs, the effects of SIRT3 on OCs osteoblasts, and BMSCs, and the roles and mechanisms of SIRT3 in different types of OP, such as diabetic OP, glucocorticoid-induced OP, postmenopausal OP, and senile OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjing Pan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yangting Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Cai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Chen F, Wang S, Zeng C, Tang S, Gu H, Wang Z, Li J, Feng P, Zhang Y, Wang P, Wu Y, Shen H. Silencing circSERPINE2 restrains mesenchymal stem cell senescence via the YBX3/PCNA/p21 axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:325. [PMID: 37831180 PMCID: PMC10575817 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) accumulate in aging tissues and nonproliferating cells due to their high stability. However, whether upregulation of circRNA expression mediates stem cell senescence and whether circRNAs can be targeted to alleviate aging-related disorders remain unclear. Here, RNA sequencing analysis of differentially expressed circRNAs in long-term-cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revealed that circSERPINE2 expression was significantly increased in late passages. CircSERPINE2 small interfering RNA delayed MSC senescence and rejuvenated MSCs, while circSERPINE2 overexpression had the opposite effect. RNA pulldown followed by mass spectrometry revealed an interaction between circSERPINE2 and YBX3. CircSERPINE2 increased the affinity of YBX3 for ZO-1 through the CCAUC motif, resulting in the sequestration of YBX3 in the cytoplasm, inhibiting the association of YBX3 with the PCNA promoter and eventually affecting p21 ubiquitin-mediated degradation. In addition, our results demonstrated that senescence-related downregulation of EIF4A3 gave rise to circSERPINE2. In vivo, intra-articular injection of si-circSerpine2 restrained native joint-resident MSC senescence and cartilage degeneration in mice with aging-related osteoarthritis. Taken together, our findings provide strong evidence for a regulatory role for the circSERPINE2/YBX3/PCNA/p21 axis in MSC senescence and the therapeutic potential of si-circSERPINE2 in alleviating aging-associated syndromes, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenying Zeng
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Gu
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Feng
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Xu L, Xia J, Wen C, Liang Y, Zhang Y. Harnessing knee joint resident mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:372-387. [PMID: 37481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread clinical disease characterized by cartilage degeneration in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no effective treatment for OA apart from total joint replacement in advanced stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell with diverse differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory potentials. MSCs are known to effectively regulate the cartilage microenvironment, promote cartilage regeneration, and alleviate OA symptoms. As a result, they are promising sources of cells for OA therapy. Recent studies have revealed the presence of resident MSCs in synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage, which can be collected as knee joint-derived MSCs (KJD-MSC). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that KJD-MSCs have great potential for OA treatment, whether applied alone, in combination with biomaterials, or as exocrine MSCs. In this article, we will review the characteristics of MSCs in the joints, including their cytological characteristics, such as proliferation, cartilage differentiation, and immunomodulatory abilities, as well as the biological function of MSC exosomes. We will also discuss the use of tissue engineering in OA treatment and introduce the concept of a new generation of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy, including the use of engineering, gene therapy, and gene editing techniques to create KJD-MSCs or KJD-MSC derivative exosomes with improved functionality and targeted delivery. These advances aim to maximize the efficiency of cartilage tissue engineering and provide new strategies to overcome the bottleneck of OA therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research will provide new insights into the medicinal benefit of Joint resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), specifically on its cartilage tissue engineering ability. Through this review, the community will further realize promoting joint resident mesenchymal stem cells, especially cartilage progenitor/MSC-like progenitor cells (CPSC), as a preventive measure against osteoarthritis and cartilage injury. People and medical institutions may also consider cartilage derived MSC as an alternative approach against cartilage degeneration. Moreover, the discussion presented in this study will convey valuable information for future research that will explore the medicinal benefits of cartilage derived MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
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Huang H, Zhang W, Su J, Zhou B, Han Q. Spermidine Retarded the Senescence of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro and In Vivo through SIRT3-Mediated Antioxidation. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9672658. [PMID: 37234959 PMCID: PMC10208764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9672658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) expand in vitro and undergo replicative senescence, thereby restricting their clinical utilization. Thus, an effective strategy is required to impede MSC senescence. Since spermidine (SPD) supplementation can prolong the lifespan of yeast by inhibiting oxidative stress, spermidine is a potential option for delaying MSC senescence. In this study, to test our hypothesis, we first isolated primary human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Subsequently, the appropriate SPD dose was administered during continuous cell cultivation. Next, we evaluated the antisenescence effects by SA-β-gal staining, Ki67 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, adipogenic or osteogenic ability, senescence-associated markers, and DNA damage markers. The results revealed that early SPD intervention significantly delays the replicative senescence of hUCMSCs and constrains premature H2O2-induced senescence. Additionally, by silencing SIRT3, the SPD-mediated antisenescence effects disappear, further demonstrating that SIRT3 is necessary for SPD to exert its antisenescence effects on hUCMSCs. Besides, the findings of this study also suggest that SPD in vivo protects MSCs against oxidative stress and delays cell senescence. Thus, MSCs maintain the ability to proliferate and differentiate efficiently in vitro and in vivo, which reflects the potential clinical utilization of MSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Junjie Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Bisheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Qingjiang Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Implication of Cellular Senescence in Osteoarthritis: A Study on Equine Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043109. [PMID: 36834521 PMCID: PMC9967174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is described as a chronic degenerative disease characterized by the loss of articular cartilage. Senescence is a natural cellular response to stressors. Beneficial in certain conditions, the accumulation of senescent cells has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many diseases associated with aging. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells isolated from OA patients contain many senescent cells that inhibit cartilage regeneration. However, the link between cellular senescence in MSCs and OA progression is still debated. In this study, we aim to characterize and compare synovial fluid MSCs (sf-MSCs), isolated from OA joints, with healthy sf-MSCs, investigating the senescence hallmarks and how this state could affect cartilage repair. Sf-MSCs were isolated from tibiotarsal joints of healthy and diseased horses with an established diagnosis of OA with an age ranging from 8 to 14 years. Cells were cultured in vitro and characterized for cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, ROS detection assay, ultrastructure analysis, and the expression of senescent markers. To evaluate the influence of senescence on chondrogenic differentiation, OA sf-MSCs were stimulated in vitro for up to 21 days with chondrogenic factors, and the expression of chondrogenic markers was compared with healthy sf-MSCs. Our findings demonstrated the presence of senescent sf-MSCs in OA joints with impaired chondrogenic differentiation abilities, which could have a potential influence on OA progression.
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DeNotta S, McFarlane D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36609345 PMCID: PMC9817422 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The equine population in the United States and worldwide now includes a higher percentage of geriatric horses than ever previously recorded, and as methods to treat and manage elderly equids are developed and refined, this aging population will likely continue to expand. A better understanding of how horses age and the effect of age on immunity and disease susceptibility is needed to enable targeted preventative healthcare strategies for aged horses. This review article outlines the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of aging on immunity, vaccine responsiveness, and disease risk in the horse, highlighting similarities and differences to what is observed in aged humans. Horses show similar but milder age-related alterations in immune function to those reported in people. Decreases in lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production and diminished response to vaccination have all been documented in elderly horses, however, increased risk of infectious disease is not commonly reported. Aged horses also show evidence of a proinflammatory state (inflammaging) yet appear less susceptible to the chronic diseases of people for which inflammation is a risk factor. Information is currently lacking as to why the horse does not experience the same risk of age-related disease (e.g., cancer, heart disease, neurodegeneration) as people, although a lack of negative lifestyle habits, differences in diet, exercise, genetics and physiology may all contribute to improved health outcomes in the older horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally DeNotta
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Dianne McFarlane
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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7
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Herrera Millar VR, Canciani B, Mangiavini L, Filipe JFS, Aidos L, Pallaoro M, Peretti GM, Pocar P, Modina SC, Di Giancamillo A. Endostatin in 3D Fibrin Hydrogel Scaffolds Promotes Chondrogenic Differentiation in Swine Neonatal Meniscal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102415. [PMID: 36289678 PMCID: PMC9598439 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of cell-based approaches for the treatment of cartilage or fibro-cartilaginous tissue defects requires an optimal cell source with chondrogenic differentiation ability that maintains its differentiated properties and stability following implantation. For this purpose, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of endostatin (COL18A1), an anti-angiogenic factor, which is physiologically involved in cell differentiation during meniscus development. Swine neonatal meniscal cells not yet subjected to mechanical stimuli were extracted, cultured in fibrin hydrogel scaffolds, and treated at two different time points (T1 = 9 days and T2 = 21 days) with different concentrations of COL18A1 (10 ng/mL; 100 ng/mL; 200 ng/mL). At the end of the treatments, the scaffolds were examined through biochemical, molecular, and histochemical analyses. The results showed that the higher concentration of COL18A1 promotes a fibro-chondrogenic phenotype and improves cellularity index (DNA content, p < 0.001) and cell efficiency (GAGs/DNA ratio, p < 0.01) after 21 days. These data are supported by the molecular analysis of collagen type I (COL1A1, a marker of fibrous-like tissue, p < 0.001), collagen type II (COL2A1, a marker of cartilaginous-like tissue, p < 0.001) and SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9, an early marker of chondrogenicity, p < 0.001), as well as by histological analysis (Safranin-O staining), laying the foundations for future studies evaluating the involvement of 3D endostatin hydrogel scaffolds in the differentiation of avascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Canciani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Joel Fernando Soares Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucia Aidos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Pallaoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Peretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Pocar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Chronopoulou L, Di Nitto A, Papi M, Parolini O, Falconi M, Teti G, Muttini A, Lattanzi W, Palmieri V, Ciasca G, Del Giudice A, Galantini L, Zanoni R, Palocci C. Biosynthesis and physico-chemical characterization of high performing peptide hydrogels@graphene oxide composites. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:111989. [PMID: 34303114 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on short peptide molecules are interesting biomaterials with wide present and prospective use in biotechnologies. A well-known possible drawback of these materials can be their limited mechanical performance. In order to overcome this problem, we prepared Fmoc-Phe3self-assembling peptides by a biocatalytic approach, and we reinforced the hydrogel with graphene oxide nanosheets. The formulation here proposed confers to the hydrogel additional physicochemical properties without hampering peptide self-assembly. We investigated in depth the effect of nanocarbon morphology on hydrogel properties (i.e. morphology, viscoelastic properties, stiffness, resistance to an applied stress). In view of further developments towards possible clinical applications, we have preliminarily tested the biocompatibility of the composites. Our results showed that the innovative hydrogel composite formulation based on FmocPhe3 and GO is a biomaterial with improved mechanical properties that appears suitable for the development of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelio Muttini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy; CIABC, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
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Teti G, Chiarini F, Mazzotti E, Ruggeri A, Carano F, Falconi M. Cellular senescence in vascular wall mesenchymal stromal cells, a possible contribution to the development of aortic aneurysm. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111515. [PMID: 34062172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of ageing and it plays a key role in the development of age-related diseases. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an age related degenerative vascular disorder, characterized by a progressive dilatation of the vascular wall and high risk of rupture over time. Nowadays, no pharmacological therapies are available and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to AAA onset and development are poorly defined. In this study we investigated the cellular features of senescence in vascular mesenchymal stromal cells, isolated from pathological (AAA - MSCs) and healthy (h - MSCs) segments of human abdominal aorta and their implication in impairing the vascular repair ability of MSCs. Cell proliferation, ROS production, cell surface area, the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21CIP1 and p16INK4a, the activation of the DNA damage response and a dysregulated autophagy showed a senescent state in AAA - MSCs compared to h-MSCs. Moreover, a reduced ability to differentiate toward endothelial cells was observed in AAA - MSCs. All these data suggest that the accumulation of senescent vascular MSCs over time impairs their remodeling ability during ageing. This condition could support the onset and development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, 40136, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazzotti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Carano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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10
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Qiyusanlong Formula Induces Autophagy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Xenografts through the mTOR Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5575453. [PMID: 34093717 PMCID: PMC8164545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Qiyusanlong (QYSL) formula has been used in the clinic for more than 20 years and has been proved to have pronounced efficacy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This work aims to evaluate the molecular mechanism of QYSL formula action on NSCLC, specifically in relation to autophagy induction. Methods In vitro, CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of QYSL serum on cell viability in A549 cells. In vivo, A549 cells were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice to establish a xenograft model. TUNEL staining was used to measure cell apoptosis and TEM to observe the autophagy-related morphological changes in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence were used to measure autophagy-related proteins. In addition, rapamycin (an inhibitor of mTOR and inducer of autophagy) and MHY1485 (an activator of mTOR and inhibitor of autophagy) were used to determine whether QYSL-induced autophagy was regulated by the mTOR pathway. Results QYSL serum inhibited the cell viability of A549 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. In vivo, the QYSL formula inhibited xenograft growth. The QYSL formula promoted apoptosis in A549 cells and induced autophagosome formation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the QYSL formula downregulated the expression of mTOR and p62, while it upregulated the expression of ATG-7 and Beclin-1 and increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. QYSL serum inhibited p-mTOR in a similar manner to rapamycin while reducing the activating effects of MHY1485 on p-mTOR. Conclusion The QYSL formula has anti-lung cancer effects and promotes autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Xie J, Lu L, Yu X. [Research progress of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:519-526. [PMID: 33855840 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202011065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the pathological effects of cellular senescence in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA) and potential therapeutic targets. Methods The role of chondrocyte senescence, synovial cell senescence, mesenchymal stem cells senescence in OA, and the biological mechanism and progress of chondrocyte senescence were summarized by consulting relevant domestic and abroad literature. Results The existing evidence has basically made clear that chondrocyte senescence, mesenchymal stem cells senescence, and cartilage repair abnormalities, and the occurrence and development of OA have a certain causal relationship, and the role of the senescence of synovial cells, especially synovial macrophages in OA is still unclear. Transcription factors and epigenetics are the main mechanisms that regulate the upstream pathways of cellular senescence. Signal communication between cells can promote the appearance of senescent phenotypes in healthy cells. Targeted elimination of senescent cells and promotion of mesenchymal stem cells rejuvenation can effectively delay the progress of OA. Conclusion Cellular senescence is an important biological phenomenon and potential therapeutic target in the occurrence and development of OA. In-depth study of its biological mechanism is helpful to the early prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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12
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13
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Fang L, Xia C, Xu H, Ge Q, Shi Z, Kong L, Zhang P, Xu R, Zou Z, Wang P, Jin H, Tong P. Defining disease progression in Chinese mainland people: Association between bone mineral density and knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2020; 26:39-44. [PMID: 33437621 PMCID: PMC7773972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate change in bone mineral density (BMD) during development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in elderly Chinese community residents. Further, to monitor disease progression by recording speed of sound (SOS), one parameter of BMD provided by quantitative ultrasound measurement. Methods A total of 4173 community residents of the Chinese mainland were organized to complete questionnaires and relevant measurements, including anthropometry, radiology and quantitative ultrasound (QUS). SOS measurements of the distal radius were acquired using QUS measurements. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade of knee OA was evaluated by two experienced radiographers using X-rays. Finally, a general linear models analysis was performed to determine potential relationships. Further, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) was applied to assess the distinction model. Results The SOS score in the OA group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.001). However, after adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), no significant difference was observed in the male population (p = 0.841), while a significantly lower SOS score presented in knee OA participants in the female population (p = 0.033). A turning point in SOS scores, from increasing to decreasing trends, occurred around KL grade 2; the SOS score gradually increased with progression in participants from KL grades 0 to 2, whereas the SOS score presented a significant decrease in participants with KL grades 3 and 4. The AUC for the model to distinguish OA progression was 0.891. Conclusion There was a non-linear and stage-specific association between SOS score and knee OA, which presented a positive relationship in early stages, but a negative relationship in advanced stages. A decline of SOS score in knee OA patients in early stages should alert clinicians to the possibility of disease progression. The Translational potential of this article In the present study, the relationship between OA and BMD had established by SOS. The results suggested that close monitoring of SOS in elderly Chinese communities residents with knee OA could alert disease progression involvement by an easily accessible method, and help early referral to orthopedist consultation for further examination and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenjie Xia
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinwen Ge
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liya Kong
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui Xu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pinger Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aging and multiple degenerative diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, the maintenance of mitochondria homeostasis and function is important. Mitophagy, a process that selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery, functions to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. IVDD and OA are similar joint diseases involving the degradation of cartilaginous tissues that are mainly caused by oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence indicates the essential role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of IVDD and OA. Importantly, strategies by the regulation of mitophagy exert beneficial effects in the pre-clinical experiments. Given the importance and novelty of mitophagy, we provide an overview of mitophagy pathways and discuss the roles of mitophagy in IVDD and OA. We also highlight the potential of targeting mitophagy for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases. Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer disease; AF: annulus fibrosus; ADORA2A/A2AR: adenosine A2a receptor; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; BMSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like; CDH6: cadherin 6; CEP: cartilaginous endplates; circRNA: circular RNA; DNM1L/DRP1: dynamin 1-like; ECM: extracellular matrix; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1: alpha subunit; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IMM: inner mitochondrial membranes; IVDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; MAPK8/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MFN1: mitofusin 1; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; RHOT/MIRO: ras homolog family member T; MMP: mitochondrial transmembrane potential; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; NFE2L2: nuclear factor: erythroid 2 like 2; NP: nucleus pulposus; OA: osteoarthritis; OPA1: OPA1: mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; OPTN: optineurin; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PD: Parkinson disease; PGAM5: PGAM family member 5; PPARGC1A/PGC-1A: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor: gamma: coactivator 1 alpha; PHF23: PHD finger protein 23; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SfMSCs: synovial fluid MSCs; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SIRT2: sirtuin 2; SIRT3: sirtuin 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; Ub: ubiquitin; UBL: ubiquitin-like; VDAC: voltage-dependent anion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingzhi Jing
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Neybecker P, Henrionnet C, Pape E, Grossin L, Mainard D, Galois L, Loeuille D, Gillet P, Pinzano A. Respective stemness and chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human bone marrow, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 32711576 PMCID: PMC7382063 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) have well-established chondrogenic potential, but MSCs derived from the synovial membrane (SM-MSCs) and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) are thought to possess superior chondrogenicity. This study aimed to compare the in vitro immunophenotype and trilineage and chondrogenic potential of BM-MSCs to SM-MSCs and SF-MSCs. METHODS MSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), synovial membrane (SM-MSCs), and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) extracted from the hips (BM) and knees (SM and SF) of advanced OA patients undergoing arthroplasty. Flow cytometric analysis was used at P2 to evaluate cell stemness. The trilinear differentiation test was performed at P2. At P3, MSC-seeded collagen sponges were cultured in chondrogenic medium for 28 days. Chondrogenic gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. Finally, the implants were stained to assess the deposition of proteoglycans and type II collagen. RESULTS Despite variability, the immunophenotyping of BM-MSCs, SM-MSCs, and SF-MSCs was quite similar. All cell types were positive for the expression of stem cell markers and negative for exclusion markers. Additionally, chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy were more pronounced in BM-MSCs (ACAN, SOX9, COL2B, and COL10A) than in SF-MSCs, with SM-MSCs having intermediate characteristics. Concerning matrix synthesis, the three cell types were equipotent in terms of GAG content, while BM-MSC ECM synthesis of type II collagen was superior. CONCLUSIONS Chondrogenic MSCs are easily collected from SM and SF in advanced human OA, but in vitro chondrogenesis that is superior to age-matched BM-MSCs should not be expected. However, due to intra-articular priming, SF-MSCs did not overexpress hypertrophic gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Neybecker
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christel Henrionnet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Elise Pape
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Grossin
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Didier Mainard
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Arthroscopique, CHRU Nancy, 29 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny CO 60034, F54035, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Galois
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Arthroscopique, CHRU Nancy, 29 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny CO 60034, F54035, Nancy, France
| | - Damien Loeuille
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Bâtiment des Spécialités Médicales, 5 rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Gillet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Pinzano
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France. .,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Bâtiment des Spécialités Médicales, 5 rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Contrat d'Interface, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital de Brabois, Bâtiment Spécialités Médicales, F54511, Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France.
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Neri S, Borzì RM. Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Aging. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E340. [PMID: 32098040 PMCID: PMC7072652 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. Beside the fundamental in vivo role of MSCs, they have also emerged in the last years as extremely promising therapeutic agents for a wide variety of clinical conditions. MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. Aging of MSCs (both in vivo and in vitro) can affect not only their replicative potential, but also their properties, like immunomodulation and secretory profile, thus possibly compromising their therapeutic effect. It is therefore of critical importance to unveil the underlying mechanisms of MSC senescence and to define shared methods to assess MSC aging status. The present review will focus on current scientific knowledge about MSC aging mechanisms, control and effects, including possible anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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